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•Phycocyanin may be non-covalently bound to gelatin and form the self-assembly complex.•Complexes based emulsions have high chemical stability and low creaming index.•Low-content ...phycocyanin enhances extrudability and thixotropy of emulsions.•Emulsions have great practical printability and shape retention for 3D food printing.
Nutritional phycocyanin (PC) may be non-covalently bound to gelatin (GE) and form the self-assembly complex proteins, which could stabilize high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) by one-pot homogenization. The effects of PC on physicochemical, structural, extrudable, thixotropic properties and practical printability of HIPEs were investigated. The electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonds between GE and PC facilitated the compact structure, promoted the interfacial adsorption behavior at oil–water interface, enhanced emulsion stability, and reduced creaming index of HIPEs. Shearing-thinning property and proper yield stress proved the excellent extrudability of HIPEs. Moreover, thixotropy results indicated that low-content PC resulted in high hysteresis area and large recovery rate of HIPEs, suggesting the outstanding structure rebuilding capacity and structure maintainability. 3D printing of HIPEs illustrated the high printing definition and shape retention conforming to the original models. Overall, this study provides reference for developing functional thixotropic emulsions with high potential in customizing special three-dimensional food.
Protein-based emulsion products always be challenged due to destabilize the emulsification at the pH range near isoelectric point (pI) of the protein. Herein, chitooligosaccharide (COS) was ...successfully used to assist porcine plasma proteins (PPP) to construct the high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) near pI of PPP, and the characteristics and mechanism of the HIPEs was investigated. Particle size of oil droplets in the HIPEs reduced significantly by adding only 0.25% COS, and the PPP-COS composite HIPEs exhibited excellent performance characteristics near pI of PPP, i.e., pH 5.0, including appearance, particle size, apparent viscosity, modulus, 3D printing and stability. PPP and COS combined to form micro-size particles with many positive charges at pH 5.0, and a strong adsorption between PPP and COS was observed at the pH by quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCMD). The pI of PPP shifted increasingly by about 0.5 along with addition of COS, and so no precipitates were formed at pH 5.0 according to the optical density. Hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bond could be the main forces between PPP and COS based on interaction analysis. The work provided an excellent compound emulsifier with some bioactivities to stabilize the HIPEs near pI of the protein.
•COS improved the emulsification of PPP at the isoelectric point (pI).•PPP-COS-based HIPEs has good storage and centrifugal stabilities at pH 5.0.•PPP-COS-based HIPEs showed typical gel-like characteristics at pH 5.0.•Strong adsorption occurred at pH 5.0 between PPP and COS.•Hydrophobic force and hydrogen bond were the main forces between PPP and COS.
•Ultrastable W/O HIPEs were fabricated by using the diacylglycerol and PGPR.•Using solely 6 wt% diacylglycerol in the oil phase can hold water content up to 60%•The incorporation of κ-carrageenan and ...NaCl increased the physical stability and rigidity of HIPE.•The HIPEs showed good retaining ability for bioactives due to interfacial crystallization.
High internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) show promising application in food and cosmetic industries. In this work, diacylglycerol (DAG) was applied to fabricate water-in-oil (W/O) HIPEs. DAG-based emulsion can hold 60% water and the emulsion rigidity increased with water content, indicating the water droplets acted as “active fillers”. Stable HIPE with 80% water fraction was formed through the combination of 6 wt% DAG with 1 wt% polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR). The addition of 1 w% kappa (κ)-carrageenan and 0.5 M NaCl greatly reduced the droplet size and enhanced emulsion rigidity, and the interfacial tension of the internal phase was reduced. Benefiting from the Pickering crystals-stabilized interface by DAG as revealed by the microscopy and enhanced elastic modulus of emulsions with the gelation agents, the HIPEs demonstrated good retaining ability for anthocyanin and β-carotene. This study provides insights for the development of W/O HIPEs to fabricate low-calories margarines, spread or cosmetic creams.
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•Amphiphilic porous solid phase extraction materials were synthesized.•The materials were obtained by doping carbon nanotubes with HIPEs.•The materials had specific adsorption ability ...to triazine herbicides.•The materials were regulable, stable, and robustness.
In this study, amphiphilic and porous copolymers were successfully prepared by doping a carboxylated carbon nanotube aqueous phase into a styrene and divinylbenzene oil phase, followed by a simple thermal polymerization to form high internalphase emulsions (polyHIPEs-CNTs). Hypercrosslinking and interconnecting chambers were formed with abundant open-cell pores with sizes ranging from 400 nm to 3.0 µm. Infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, water contact angle measurements, and adsorption–desorption measurements were used to evaluate the characteristics of the material. The synthesized copolymers were demonstrated to be suitable for the separation of triazine herbicides from soil under optimized operating conditions. The maximum adsorption capacities of simazine, prometon, and prometryn were 25.4, 26.5, and 27.8 µg/g, respectively; the mean recoveries ranged from 87.56 to 97.67%, with a relative standard deviation lower than 4.5%. The polymers were stable, and the adsorption and desorption of the triazine herbicides were completed within a short period (10 min) without obvious interference. Adsorption isotherms revealed that the adsorption was co-determined by multiple effects between the adsorbents and compounds. An excellent reuse performance was observed, and the proposed polymers were believed to be potential materials for sample pretreatment in environmental science and pollutant cleaning engineering.
Quinoa protein isolate (QPI) dispersions were ultrasonicated to generate nanoparticles, which were applied to emulsify olive, rapeseed and corn oil to form stable Pickering high internal phase ...emulsions (HIPEs). The effects of different oil phases and ultrasonic intensity on the particle size, zeta potential, rheological properties and microscopic distribution of Pickering HIPEs were analyzed. The contact angle of QPI nanoparticles with 450 W ultrasonic treatment was 68.83 ± 3.32°, which was remarkably higher than natural particles of 53.69 ± 0.84°. Pickering HIPEs exhibited a three-dimensional network structure and high viscoelasticity. The storage modulus of HIPEs with olive oil was higher than HIPEs with rapeseed and corn oil. The HIPEs with high oleic acid content in oil phase showed high viscoelasticity, because the rheological properties of HIPEs were positively correlated with oleic acid content. Furthermore, QPI HIPE gels were prepared and the freeze-thaw stability of HIPE gels was analyzed. The HIPE gels emulsified by natural QPI showed weak freeze-thaw stability, while the HIPE gels stabilized by sonicated QPI exhibited high freeze-thaw stability. Microstructure of HIPEs by confocal laser scanning microscopy also confirmed the finding. Moreover, different vegetable oils had no significant effects on the freeze-thaw stability of the HIPE gels.
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•Ultrasound improved hydrophobicity of quinoa protein isolate (QPI) nanoparticles.•QPI stabilized high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) with oil volume up to 75%.•The viscoelasticity of HIPEs with olive oil was higher than those with other oils.•The storage modulus of HIPEs were positively correlated with oleic acid content.•Sonicated QPI particles effectively improved freeze-thaw stability of HIPE gels.
A series of carbon foams (CFs) were fabricated from the emulsion-templated porous polymeric composites, following with hypercrosslinking and carbonization. The polymeric composites were constituted ...by syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS), carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and magnetic Ni@CNTs. The addition of nanofillers was beneficial to the carbonization, resulting in less shrinkage, higher graphitization degree, lager emulsion-templated voids and nanofibrous pore walls. The composite CFs showed higher robustness (up to 19.7 MPa cm3 g−1), more hydrophobic surface (water contact angle up to 148°) and larger specific surface area (up to 144 m2 g−1). In particular, the electrical conductivity (up to 97 S m−1) and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness (EI) (up to 78.0 dB) were greatly enhanced when the CNTs and Ni@CNTs were simultaneously employed. The conduction losses caused by conductive network of residual carbon network of carbonized sPS and the nanofillers, polarization losses from interfacial polarization between carbonized sPS and nanofillers, dielectric loss within mesopores and magnetic loss from Ni@CNTs contributed to the enhanced shielding effectiveness. The carbon foams can be prefect succedanea of the commercial EMI shielding materials in the aerospace and wireless telecommunication fields.
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The stable O/W high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) were solely stabilized by Palm kernel oil ethoxylates (SOE-N-60) and used as the delivery system of tea tree oil (TTO). The method of using HIPEs ...to encapsulate tea tree oil (TTO) not only increases the bioavailability of tea tree oil, but also effectively solves the volatility and hydrophobicity of TTO.
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The stable high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) were solely stabilized by Palm kernel oil ethoxylates (SOE-N-60) and used as the delivery system of tea tree oil (TTO). The effects of internal phase volume fraction, SOE-N-60 concentration and emulsification time on the stability of HIPEs were studied systematically by Mastersizer 2000 instrument, Lx POL polarizing microscope and rheometer, etc. The experimental results demonstrated that stable HIPEs with internal phase fraction of 84 vol% can be only prepared with 5 wt% surfactant concentrations. Microscopy images showed that the deformation of emulsion droplet and the particle size distribution of the HIPEs were polydispersity. Rheological tests also proved that the emulsion exhibited elastic-gel properties and deformation recovery degree could reach 90 %. The antibacterial experiment indicated that HIPEs prepared by natural oil-based surfactant can effectively protect the encapsulated tea tree oil (TTO), which not only increased the bioavailability of tea tree oil, but also effectively solved the disadvantages of TTO such as volatile and hydrophobic. In addition, the HIPEs stabilized by SOE-N-60 had excellent stability, which will broaden its potential applications in medicine, food and personal care.
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High and medium internal phase Pickering emulsions stabilized with cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) exhibited very different performance compared to their peers stabilized with a ...surfactant. In this paper, we ascribed the difference to the formation of hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions between the CNC nanoparticles on adjacent oil droplets.
Rheological properties of CNC-stabilized oil-in-water medium internal phase emulsions (MIPEs, oil content = 65% v/v) and high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs, oil content = 80% v/v) were comprehensively characterized using both oscillatory and rotational tests.
It was found that in the MIPEs, the van der Waals and hydrogen bonding interactions dominate the emulsion properties, whereas the compact structure of oil droplets plays a more important role in the HIPEs. CNC concentration in the aqueous phase also affects the emulsion properties, especially for the HIPEs, and the results can be correlated to the stabilization mechanisms we previously reported. The information from these tests provides a much-needed guidance for the practical application of CNC-stabilized emulsions.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical stability and potential gastrointestinal fate of the lutein-enriched high internal phase emulsions (LE-HIPE) stabilized by egg ...yolk-modified starch complex. Results showed that the physical stability and lutein retention of the LF-HIPE stabilized by egg yolk-hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate (EY-HPDSP) or egg yolk-octenyl succinic anhydride starch (EY-OSA) complex were both significantly improved at 4 °C. However, the LE-HIPE stabilized by EY-HPDSP complex showed better physical stability, lower lipid oxidation and higher lutein retention during storage at 37 °C than that stabilized by EY-OSA complex, which was related with the results of smaller droplets, more restricted water and oil protons for the former. In vitro digestion results showed that high level of HPDSP in LE-HIPE was beneficial to the improvement of the bioaccessibility of lutein. These results could be useful in the development of nutrient delivery system based on egg yolk-modified starch complex stabilized HIPE.
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•HIPE protected lutein from chemical degradation during storage.•The physicochemical stability of EY-HPDSP was higher than that of EY-OSA.•The bioaccessibility of lutein was related to the particle size of LE-HIPE.
•Monolithic MOFs are in-situ prepared through Pickering HIPE template.•ZIF-8 monoliths show hierarchically porous structure with low bulk density.•The monoliths exhibit ultrahigh MOF loading and BET ...surface area of up to 961 m2/g.•The mechanical property of monolith can be greatly enhanced by a small amount of PVA.•Continuous catalytic reaction demonstrates the robustness of the monolith.
The construction of MOF monoliths can solve the drawbacks of MOF powders in practical applications that can cause high pressure drop, low mass transfer efficiency, clogging, and complicated operation and recycling treatment, but there are still problems such as MOF pore clogging, difficulty in tuning the pore structure of the monoliths, and poor mechanical properties. Herein, nearly pure ZIF-8 monoliths with hierarchical pore structure were prepared by in-situ converting the amorphous ZIF-8/ZnO nanoparticles stabilized HIPE templates into continuous ZIF-8 skeleton. The obtained ZIF-8 monoliths exhibit low bulk densities of ∼ 80 mg cm−3, high BET surface areas of up to 961.3 m2/g, and good mechanical properties. The monolith maintained high catalytic activity for 30 h in the Knoevenagel reaction using a homemade continuous flow reactor, revealing its high efficiency and good stability. This work provides a worth-adopted approach to prepare MOF-based monoliths for applications such as adsorption, separation, catalysis and effluent treatment.
