Natinalism in Settled Times Bonikowski, Bart
Annual review of sociology,
01/2016, Letnik:
42
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Due to a preoccupation with periods of large-scale social change, nationalism research had long neglected everyday nationhood in contemporary democracies. Recent scholarship, however, has begun to ...shift the focus of this scholarly field toward the study of nationalism not only as a political project but also as a cognitive, affective, and discursive category deployed in daily practice. Integrating insights from work on banal and everyday nationalism, collective rituals, national identity, and commemorative struggles with survey-based findings from political psychology, I demonstrate that meanings attached to the nation vary within and across populations as well as over time, with important implications for microinteraction and for political beliefs and behavior, including support for exclusionary policies and authoritarian politics. I conclude by suggesting how new developments in methods of data collection and analysis can inform future research on this topic.
Беседа с Николаем Валентиновичем Романовским, зам. главного редактора журнала «Социологические исследования», главным научным сотрудником Института социологии ФНИСЦ РАН, профессором РГГУ, состоялась ...в день его 85-летнего юбилея. Обсуждались разные вопросы – от развития отечественной социологии и проблем ее идентичности до оттока кадров из науки. Его научный интерес к теоретической и исторической социологии позволяет оценить состояние дисциплины, выявить основные проблемы и обозначить реперные точки, наметить перспективы, формируя свой авторский взгляд на развитие социологии.
In this interview with Giovanni Zampieri, historian Giovanni Levi reflects on his intellectual career, focusing particularly on the relationship between history, sociology, and interpretive ...anthropology as practiced by Clifford Geertz. In the interview, Levi elaborates on debates at the intersection of these disciplines concerning comparison and generalization and the relationship between knowledge and language. These themes open new avenues for reflection at the porous borders of history and the social sciences, in continuity with the insights offered by the other contributors to “The Interpretation of Cultures at Fifty”.
Most social scientists agree that case studies are useful for “theory building,” but ethnographic methods papers often look to survey research for case selection strategies. This is due to a common ...but untenable distinction between theoretical and empirical generalization, which obscures how theoretically inclined ethnographers make implicit external validity claims. I analyze several exemplary ethnographies to show that (a) the distinction between theoretically and empirically oriented ethnography revolves around competing conventions for making claims that others accept as provisionally externally valid, (b) comparative-historical sociology provides a framework for evaluating how theoretically oriented ethnographies make such claims, and (c) each approach to making validity claims is optimized by different kinds of cases. Empirically oriented ethnographies make inductive claims via “pointy” cases wherein a phenomenon is pronounced or bifurcated. Theoretically oriented ethnographers are like post–Millian historical sociologist who triangulate past studies with resolutive or negative cases to make constitutive arguments.
Microsociology has been criticised for universalising ‘the’ interaction order as it occurs among the North American middle classes. A way of addressing this issue lies in historicising interaction: ...showing how each component of the interaction order has been historically moulded. The present article illustrates this argument with the case of blushing, from the late 18th century through to the early 21st century, in the USA, Australia and France. The examination of newspaper articles, novels, publications in medicine, psychology and criminology, and other sources, makes it possible to retrace the shifting meanings and practices of blushing over time. Several processes have been identified, such as the racialisation of blushing at the end of the 18th century, its progressive masculinisation and medicalisation from the mid-19th to the mid-20th century and later its psychologisation and re-figuration in digital technologies. The conclusion calls for a historical sociology of the interaction order, or historical microsociology.
Письмо в редакцию Кремлёв, Н Т
Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniia,
01/2018
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Философу Н.С. Розову настолько не понравилась книга Н.Т. Кремлёва “Историческая социология. Вопросы теории общественного развития” (2016), что он опубликовал рецензию (см.: СОЦИС. 2017, № 2), где ...фактически не отметил ничего хорошего, но лишь одни пороки. Давайте разберёмся: прав ли Розов, и верно ли его понимание исторической социологии? Принято, что всякая научная дискуссия или анализ рецензируемой работы при всех разногласиях предполагает уважительное отношение к оппоненту и не допускает оскорбительных выражений, которыми изобилует опус известного профессора. Никогда ни справедливые, ни ошибочные замечания не вызывали у меня неприятия, потому что имели целью помочь улучшить качество работы. Рецензия же Розова носит агрессивно запретительный характер, отталкивая читателя от попытки ознакомиться с книгой. Не касаясь личных характеристик Розова, остановлюсь лишь на том, что является предметом якобы научных обвинений. По существу он оспаривает или высказывает иную позицию в отношении таких идей: как трактуется прогресс, насколько полно дан обзор литературы по рассматриваемой проблематике, уместно ли использование в социологии тех или иных методов, как использовать вторичный анализ, как трактовать будущее, а потом излагает своё понимание исторической социологии. Поясняю свою позицию. Уверяя, что в моей книге нет никаких теоретических построений, кроме проведения идеи прогрессивного общественного развития, Розов вводит читателей в заблуждение. Об общественном прогрессе знали и писали ещё в древности, и вряд ли стоит сомневаться в прогрессе, а всю изложенную мною теорию развития общества низводить до одной этой идеи.
Ziel dieser Plenarveranstaltung ist es, das Wechselspiel globaler Dynamiken und lokaler Umbrüche in historisch-soziologischer Perspektive auszuleuchten. Im Dialog mit Globalgeschichte, postkolonialen ...Studien und Internationalen Beziehungen hat die historische Soziologie in den letzten Jahren eine globale Wende vollzogen. Diese global historical sociology weist dutch ihre Untersuchung imperialer Abhangigkeiten, internationaler sozialer Bewegungen, transnationaler Felder und der weitweiten Diffusion von Ideologien, Normen und kognitiven Repertoires uber die auf Nationalstaaten und Klassenverhaltnisse konzentrierte altere historische Soziologie hinaus. Gleichzeitig whirft sie aufgrund ihrer historischen Tiefendimension und ihres Bewusstseins für transregionale Verflechtungen abet auch em neues Licht auf soziologische Theorien von Globalisierung, Transnationalisierung und Weltgesellschaft. Die Beitrage dieser Plenarveranstaltung sollen anhand konkreter Forschungsgegensthnde aktuelle Trends ether global interessierten und historisch orientierten Soziologie beleuchten. Sie sollen ferner deren theoretische und methodologische Beitrage zur Analyse komplexer Dynarniken innerhaib der globalen Moderne diskutieren. Dabei kann etwa die Frage behandelt werden, wie »Zeit« und xRaum« konzeptionell zu dimensionieren sind, urn dem jeweiligen konkreten Forschungsgegenstand gerecht zu werden, es konnen aber auch episternologische Probleme der Standortgebun- denheit soziologischen Wissens behandelt und Vorschläge zur deren Korrektur formuliert werden.
Material Signals MacKenzie, Donald
The American journal of sociology,
05/2018, Letnik:
123, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Drawing on interviews with 194 market participants (including 54 practitioners of high-frequency trading or HFT), this article first identifies the main classes of “signals” (patterns of data) that ...influence how HFT algorithms buy and sell shares and interact with each other. Second, it investigates historically the processes that have led to three of the most important categories of these signals, finding that they arise from three features of U.S. share trading that are the result of episodes of meso-level conflict. Third, the article demonstrates the contingency of these features by briefly comparing HFT in share trading to HFT in futures, Treasurys, and foreign exchange. The article thus argues that how HFT algorithms act and interact is a specific, contingent product not just of the current but also of the past interaction of people, organizations, algorithms, and machines.
Beyond contextual differences, one can analyze Bourdieu's strategy as the integration of Durkheim's endeavor into a synthetic construction that surpasses the limits inherent to any conceptualization ...and that constitutes the point of view of all the points of view. In the first part, the notion of latent tradition is mobilized to account for the proximity of Durkheim and Bourdieu's scientific and political attitudes. The second part is an attempt to show that Bourdieu's theoretical ambition is based on a strategy of selective reappropriation that permanently reassesses the relevance of Durkheim's concept of society. This article aims to contribute to our disciplinary history without limiting ourselves to textual comparisons, as philosophers keep on doing. By moving back and forth from texts to contexts, the stake was to sketch a historical sociology grounded on the analysis of recognition strategies in a highly competitive universe.
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