This article theorizes the adoption of risk assessment practices to inform criminal justice responses to 'vulnerable' and repeat victims of anti-social behaviour. Evidence suggests that some police ...forces have become highly risk-averse which has had consequences for the way in which minor incivilities have come to be viewed as perpetually requiring a formal police response. However, the development of victim risk assessment has also been very effective in enabling agencies to determine 'high-risk' victims with clarity and speed. It is argued that, rather than viewing risk in hegemonic terms, more attention ought to be given to conceptualizing risk in terms of the new opportunities it presents not simply for refining and improving the delivery of services, but also for the ways in which risk enables victims to develop new parameters of victimhood, and to subvert the traditional dominance of politics/policy in acting as primary definers on understanding(s) and accepted knowledge(s) of victimization and vulnerability.
In a local area network (LAN) or intranet, there are many pieces of hardare trying to gain access to the network transmission media at the same time (i.e., phone lines, coax, wireless, etc.). ...However, a network cable or wireless transmission frequency can physically only allow one node to use it at a given time. Therefore, there must be some way to regulate which node has control of the medium (a media access control, or MAC, protocol). Ethernet is a MAC protocol; it is one way to regulate physical access to network tranmission media. Ethernet networking is used primarily by networks that are contained within a single physical location. If you need to design, install, and manage a network in such an envronment, i.e., home or small business office, thenEthernet Networking forthe Small Office and Professional Home Office will give you an in-depth understanding of the technology involved in an Ethernet network. One of the major goals of this book is to demystify the jargon of networks so that the reader gains a working familiarity with common networking terminology and acronyms. In addition, this books explains not only how to choose and configure network hardware but also provides practical information about the types of network devices and software needed to make it all work. Tips and direction on how to manage an Ethernet network are also provided. This book therefore goes beyond the hardware aspects of Ethernet to look at the entire network from bottom to top, along with enough technical detail to enable the reader to make intelligent choices about what types of transmission media are used and the way in which the various parts of the network are interconnected. * Explains how the Ethernet works, with emphasis on current technologies and emerging trends in gigabit and fast Ethernet, WiFi, routers, and security issues * Teaches how to design and select complementary components of Ethernet networks with a focus on home and small business applications * Discuses the various types of cables, software, and hardware involved in constructing, connecting, operating and monitoring Ethernet networks
If (and it is recognized that this is in itself a very contentious “if”) humans subject animals to painful, damaging, or frightening procedures to achieve scientific progress, then the very least ...that humankind can do is to insist that regulations be put in place to protect animals and that they be properly implemented and enforced. However, recent practice in the United Kingdom suggests that this is not the case. Europe's new regime on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes—Directive 2010/63—must act as a catalyst for significant change and is a significant recognition of the intrinsic value of animals. Before this Directive, the cost/benefit analysis undertaken in the United Kingdom allowed for a large margin of error so that animal welfare was an aggregated concept, and any aggregated finding of “adequate” animal welfare was not militated by individual cases of exacerbated animal detriment. The recognition that each animal has value as an individual means that the levels of animal welfare or protection expected of scientific establishments can no longer simply be those that are, in generic terms, appropriate for the aggregated mass of animals. Instead, the welfare standards applied are appropriate and rendered effectual for all individual animals.
Natural sharing of informative media contents is a key service in collaborative and smart work that flexibly conducts remote operations and communicates with remote co-workers in home offices and ...smart work centers. For collaborative and smart work, we need to carefully disseminate media services tailored for each participating site in order to naturally exchange shared contents between participants. In this paper, we present a centralized mediation approach to fairly improve the qualities of shared videos in multi-producer multi-consumer environment. The proposed approach carries out progressive improvement of end-user quality and efficient placement of transcoders by balancing the overall usage of computation and networking resources. Computer-simulated experiment results demonstrate that the proposed approach can find a feasible solution and improve the running time performance.
