The Foragers of Point Hope Hilton, Charles E; Auerbach, Benjamin M; Cowgill, Libby W
07/2014, Letnik:
v.Series Number 68
eBook
On the edge of the Arctic Ocean, above the Arctic Circle, the prehistoric settlements at Point Hope, Alaska, represent a truly remarkable accomplishment in human biological and cultural adaptations. ...Presenting a set of anthropological analyses on the human skeletal remains and cultural material from the Ipiutak and Tigara archaeological sites, The Foragers of Point Hope sheds new light on the excavations from 1939–41, which provided one of the largest sets of combined biological and cultural materials of northern latitude peoples in the world. A range of material items indicated successful human foraging strategies in this harsh Arctic environment. They also yielded enigmatic artifacts indicative of complex human cultural life filled with dense ritual and artistic expression. These remnants of past human activity contribute to a crucial understanding of past foraging lifeways and offer important insights into the human condition at the extreme edges of the globe.
From the now iconic Barack Obama 'Hope' poster of the 2008 presidential campaign to the pit-head 'Camp Hope' of the families of the trapped Chilean miners, the language of hope can be hugely powerful ...as it draws on resources that are uniquely human and universal. We are beings who hope. But what does that say about us? What is hope and what role does it play in our lives? In his fascinating and thought-provoking investigation into the meaning of hope, Stan van Hooft shows that hope is a fundamental structure of the way we live our lives. For Aristotle being hopeful was part of a well-lived life, a virtue. For Aquinas it was a fundamentally theological virtue and for Kant a basic moral motivation. It shapes how we view ourselves and the world in which we live. Whether we hope for a life after death or for good weather tomorrow - whether our hopes are grand or humble - hoping is part of our outlook on life. What we hope for defines who we are. Drawing on everyday examples as well as more detailed discussion of hope in the arenas of medicine, politics and religion, van Hooft shows how hopefulness in not the same as hope and offers a convincing and powerful defense of the need for realism. There are few contemporary philosophical discussions of hope and Stan van Hooft's book offers an accessible and insightful discussion of the topic that shows the relevance of philosophical thinking and distinctions to this important aspect of human life.
Academic papers and media commentaries frequently appeal to hope as a necessary bulwark against despair for the conservation community. Such claims are often made in the absence of a rigorous ...discussion of the nature of hope. In this review, we investigate the importance of hope as it applies to conservation workers, educators, and others involved in environmental protection. We define hope in its many dimensions, ask whether having hope is necessary to motivate people to engage in environmental action, and inquire whether hope can be revived or reframed when conservation actions fail. Hope is a multi-faceted emotional state or motivational attitude with many subtypes, including authentic (or active), passive, false, and radical hopes. The conservation literature generally refers to active hope, although the type of hope considered is often left unstated. Whether hope leads to environmental engagement or action depends on many factors, including goal orientation and feasibility, societal and personal norms, personality traits, and group identity. Organizational attributes like leadership, consistent vision, and interpersonal communication affect the experience of hope among conservation practitioners, environmental educators, and the public. Grief and hopelessness are frequently part of the “emotional labour” of conservation and environmental work, but these may be buffered by a sense of agency and feasible objectives, which encourage authentic hope. Although there has been progress in understanding the role of hope in conservation, conservation communities can continue to learn from the rich body of psychological theory and practice that has been used to study hope in other fields.
•Hope is a multi-faceted emotional state or motivational attitude with many subtypes.•Conservation literature refers to active hope, without expanding on the type of hope presented.•Multiple factors determine whether hope encourages environmental engagement or action.•Grief and hopelessness are part of the “emotional labour” of conservation and environmental work.•Hope in conservation can learn from psychological theories used to study hope in other fields.
This book examines the social transformation wrought by the abolition of slavery in 1834 in South Africa's Cape Colony. It pays particular attention to the effects of socioeconomic and cultural ...changes in the way both freed slaves and dominant whites adjusted to the new world. It compares South Africa's relatively peaceful transition from a slave to a non-slave society to the bloody experience of the US South after abolition, analyzing rape hysteria in both places as well as the significance of changing concepts of honor in the Cape. Finally, the book examines the early development of South Africa's particular brand of racism, arguing that abolition, not slavery itself, was a causative factor; although racist attitudes were largely absent while slavery persisted, they grew incrementally but steadily after abolition, driven primarily by whites' need for secure, exploitable labor.
All I Ask of You Ottinger, Gwen
Ethics, policy & environment,
01/2024, Letnik:
27, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Mobilizing Hope asks that we take the eradication of poverty as morally mandatory, that we pursue technological development, and that we act on the belief that it is possible to do both of those ...things at once. It resolutely does not ask that we redefine prosperity in other-than-economic terms, reconsider the binary between "human" and "nature," question financialization, colonialism, or other root causes of global poverty, accept qualitatively different lifestyles, or endure painful transitions. While this may seem strategic, I argue that bigger asks could be effective in inspiring action.
This research examines the role of effort at the school level in ensuring climate literacy and the influence of climate literacy on the environmental behavior of children. Literature has shown that ...pro-environmental behavior is mediated by hope and despair amongst the children. An attempt has been made to study the same. Also, the role of climate literacy in inducing indoor generation behavior was studied. The research is based on a questionnaire developed to measure the constructs (Efforts at the school level, hope, despair, climate literacy, pro-environmental behavior, and indoor generation behavior). The questionnaires were used to survey 477 students of the middle and high-level schools in Delhi National Capital Region (DelhiNCR), India. CB -Structural Equation modeling was used to study the influence and significance of the relationships. The research revealed that climate literacy, positively and significantly influenced proenvironmental behavior, while it wasn’t positively influencing indoor generation behavior. Hope was been found to positively mediate pro-environmental behavior. This research is one of its kind and explored the psychological and behavioral implications of climate literacy amongst school students.
This study examines the factor structure of the Locus-of-Hope scale (Bernardo, 2010). Locus-of-Hope is an extension of Snyder's (2002) Hope Theory by adding three possible external sources of hope: ...friends, family, and spiritual. As the Locus-of-Hope scale was standardized in an Eastern culture, this study examines the scale in a Western sample (N = 540) to determine if the scale properties hold. The four factor structure was replicated, but because the External-Spiritual scale had an incredibly high internal consistency value (α = 0.98), with a quarter of the participants scoring a value of zero, and lower inter-scale correlations than the other scales, we conclude that this subscale should be used with caution. We examine several alternate models, including the theoretical distinction of agency and pathway thinking, and a short version of the scale. The results suggest that the short version is also a promising measure of hope dimensions.
