The aim of this paper is to consider the practice of subsequent measurement of property, plant and equipment in hotel companies in the Republic of Serbia and the Republic of Croatia, i.e., to ...determine whether the preparers of financial statements make greater use of the historical cost model or the model based on fair value. The sample consists of 220 hotel companies in the Republic of Serbia and the Republic of Croatia, observing their financial reports for 2019. The research reveals that most hotel companies in both countries subsequently measure owner-occupied property and plant and equipment according to the historical cost model. Hotel companies in Serbia most often apply the fair value model for subsequent measurement of investment property, while hotel companies in Croatia most often apply the historical cost model in the same context. We also find that a large number of hotel companies in the observed countries do not disclose the basis for subsequent measurement of property (including investment), plant and equipment in the notes to their financial statements, which means that the quality of financial reporting on those assets in the hotel companies should be improved.
The article focuses on the study of performance factors of Slovenian hotel companies through Data Envelopment Analysis between 2001 and 2018. For this purpose, we introduced a balanced panel data of ...20 hotel companies which differ by their size, type, the number of hotels within the company, and location. To determine efficiency factors, we used the Malmquist index, which can be broken down into a change in efficiency and technological change. The change in efficiency was further broken down into a change in pure technical efficiency and a change in scalar efficiency. Between 2001 and 2018, hotel companies recorded decline in total factor productivity index which was mainly due to the inability to implement new production technologies. One of the key reasons for deterioration in technological change was the 2008 economic crisis.
Tourism is one of the most important industries in the Mediterranean countries, which strongly contributes to the economic activity, capital investment and job creation. Therefore, the purpose of ...this paper is to examine the determinants influencing profitability of hotel companies in selected Mediterranean countries. Thereby, dynamic panel data models are estimated on an extensive dataset for the period from 2007 to 2015. The paper provides evidence on differences among internal profitability determinants of hotel companies operating in tourism competitive countries. The results indicate that the cash flow to operating revenue has a statistically significant and positive impact on profitability in all observed countries. The total asset turnover ratio is significant for all countries except Portugal, while labour productivity is significant only for Spain, which is also the country with the highest turnover per employee. The solvency ratio is positively related to profitability, except for Greece as the most indebted country. Size proved to be significant for hotels in Spain and Portugal, while age is the variable by which the countries mostly differ, as findings show a different impact of underlying variable on hotel profitability. Findings provide information to shareholders that would ensure profitability of hotel companies operating in different countries.
Purpose
Portugal has been experiencing a continuous growth in tourism activity, with hospitality industry as one of the main tourism sectors. Therefore, the assessment of hotel companies’ performance ...is very important to assist decision processes. The purpose of this paper is to assess the financial performance (FP) of 570 hotel companies operating hotel units in Portugal in 2017. To explore the question of brand affiliation, a comparison was made between hotel companies with similar stars rating and market orientation. In addition, this paper intends to fill a gap in literature studying the Portuguese reality on the subject of brand affiliation.
Design/methodology/approach
The present study uses a methodology based on data envelopment analysis (DEA) to assess the overall performance for each company, which further decomposed into the within-group performance and the technological gap. The performance of the hotel company is assessed through the aggregation of multiple financial indicators using the composite indicator (CI) derived from the DEA model. A bivariate analysis based on the Tobit regression to test the robustness of brand effect on FP of hotel companies (HC) was also included.
Findings
The empirical results show that branded companies, on average, have significantly better overall FP than non-branded companies. On the one hand, the brand effect tends to improve the within-group FP of HCs and the brand presents a statistically significant positive effect on the FP. On the other hand, the best practices are observed in both branded and non-branded companies.
Practical implications
The results of this study illustrate that, globally, the better FP of the branded companies is because of their individual relative companies’ performance and a better model of operation given by the brand effect. Brand affiliation will generally allow for a better FP and essentially a better profitability for invested equity, a higher return on sales and a higher value added per employee.
Originality/value
The study provides important theoretical and practical contributions that can assist the strategic decision of the HCs in choosing to operate independently or to adopt brand affiliation. Also, it is innovative because the FP of branded and non-branded HCs is measured not using a set of individual financial ratios but through a single CI that aggregates those financial ratios, using a DEA model.
This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the voluntary policy instruments most commonly applied by the hotel sector: codes of conduct, best environmental practices, ecolabels, environmental ...management systems (EMSs) and environmental performance indicators. Based on a qualitative study of Spanish hotel companies that have applied one or more of these voluntary tools, each instrument is reviewed and analysed with regard to incentives and obstacles experienced during its practical implementation. In the comparative assessment of all the tools studied, formal certification systems such as ecolabels and EMSs appear to be the most effective instruments. At a conceptual level, ecolabels and EMSs are the tools with the broadest scope and the only ones that guarantee an improvement of the company's environmental (and sustainable) performance. At the practical level, the present research shows that, although both of these instruments involve higher costs and complexity than the other tools studied, they offer a wider range of tangible and intangible benefits.
The sharing economy model that was developed in the last decade has a major effect on a different aspect of life. The purpose of this research is to test the effect of a sharing economy product on ...its competitors. Specifically, this study used the event study approach to examine how Airbnb announcements affected hotel stock prices. To accomplish this goal, we used 180 Airbnb announcements to investigate the general effect of Airbnb, and the effects according to the type of announcement and the type of audience. The findings indicate that general Airbnb announcements have a negative effect on the hotel stock prices. In addition, investors respond negatively to positive announcements but not to neutral ones. Finally, announcements targeting young people have no effect on the stock prices of hotel companies, while the effect of announcements targeting families lasts the longest. We also explored investment strategies for general investors and those with inside information. We suggest that general investors short sell the stock on the day of the news announcement. Investors with inside information should short sell the stock a few days before the day of the news announcement. In both cases, investors should close their positions a few days later depending on the type of announcement.
The quality of information presented in the financial statements of companies may be impaired due to fraudulent activities. One of the frequently used instruments that indicates that fraud has been ...committed in the financial statements is the Beneish M-score model. The purpose of the research is to examine the exposure of hotel companies in the Republic of Serbia to the risk of fraud in financial statements, as well as to determine whether there has been a change in that risk due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The research was conducted on a sample of 100 randomly selected hotel companies, and their financial reports for 2019 and 2020 were observed. There was a high risk of fraud based on the recognition of costs of sales, management and administration, and borrowing in both observed years, as well as a high risk of fraud based on the recognition of income and gross margin index in 2020. Further, it was determined that in the year of the COVID-19 pandemic, there was an increase in the risk of fraud in the financial statements based on the gross margin index and recognition of selling, management and administration costs. Microenterprises are exposed to a higher risk of fraud based on the recognition of costs of sales, management and administration compared to medium-sized ones. Limited liability companies are more exposed to risk based on the recognition of sales revenue, accrual item and total risk (measured by the 8-variable model) compared to joint-stock companies. On the other hand, joint-stock companies are more exposed to the risk of fraud based on gross margin and general risk of fraud (measured by the 5-variable model) compared to limited liability companies.
This article examines the long-term development of two strategic alliances between major Spanish (RUI and Iberostar) and German (TUI and Neckermann) tourist firms. Our research builds on the ...literature on foreign direct investment and institutionalism applied to cross-border cooperation, yet using business history research methods. The study aims to understand how the local Spanish context shaped the interaction between foreign and domestic firms and how this interaction influenced the development of the Spanish companies. Our cases suggest that the Spanish institutional framework affected the nature and strength of alliances. Foreign partners were crucial in providing financial and commercial support, brand consolidation, market knowledge and reputation. However, local actors also played an important role as proactive partners eager to develop their domestic business and upgrade their existing capabilities. Ultimately this strategy would contribute to the internationalisation of Spanish firms after 1990.
The article focuses on the analysis of the economic efficiency of Slovenian coastal hotel companies in the period between 2015 and 2018. We applied non-parametric Data Envelopment Analysis to ...estimate economic efficiency and the panel regression analysis to explain the association between economic efficiency, economic growth, and the hotel location. The results showed that most coastal hotel companies were economically inefficient associated with decreasing returns to scale. As a key source of inefficiency we identified inappropriate allocation of inputs. Given the high concentration of hotels in the municipality of Piran, the hypothesis on higher efficiencies in this location area has been rejected. Most coastal municipalities were negatively related to the economic efficiency of the hotel companies. We also rejected the hypothesis that economic growth affected the economic efficiency of the Slovenian coastal hotel companies.
The enactment of EU Directive 2014/95/EU and EU Guidelines 2017/C215/01 for large European public interest entities with more than 500 employees recognised the importance of non-financial information ...and made its disclosure mandatory. The importance of disclosing non-financial information for the hospitality industry is significant, as it is an industry that is highly sensitive and connected to the environment and social interactions. The aim of this paper is to investigate the content of non-financial information disclosed by Croatian hotel companies that list their shares on the financial market since this became mandatory. For this reason, the following research questions were posed: Is the non-financial information presented in the reports of Croatian hotel companies sufficient? If this information is insufficient, how can its content be improved? To answer these research questions, a content analysis of non-financial information in relation to general information, emissions and pollution prevention, sustainability, other environmental information, and EU Directive requirements from publicly available sources of hotel companies was conducted. The research results show that Croatian hotel companies mainly publish satisfactory levels of non-financial information related to waste management and recycling, as well as energy and water consumption, while the content of other non-financial information should be improved. The research results will be used in defining and improving the content of non-financial information for hotel companies as guidelines for publishing non-financial information specifically tailored to the hospitality industry.
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