This study aimed to examine the micro- and macroelements, as well as the total antioxidant, and polyphenol content of 22 different types of dried houseleek, and fresh plant decoctions. The ...measurement of antioxidant and polyphenol content was carried out with two drying methods- a drying cabinet and lyophilization. The plants, without exception, were provided by Berger Trio Kft. from Jánossomorja (Hungary), thus, the influencing effect of the environment is negligible in the case of the tested species. Based on the results, the type of houseleek has a clear influencing effect on the amount of the tested constituents. The investigated microelements were B, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn, while Ca, K, Mg, Na, P, and S were examined among the macroelements. In terms of microelement content, Mn was present in outstanding amounts (20.67–148.00 mg/kg DW), while among macroelements Ca (44.43–95.27 g/kg DW) and Na (24.07–128.50 g/kg DW) was present in larger quantities in the samples. It can be said that in the case of samples with a high amount of antioxidants and polyphenols, the element content is low and the reverse is also true. During the examination of the dried houseleeks, outstanding values were obtained for the tested compounds. The antioxidant values of the dried leaves were between 2.22 and 317.74 mg AAE/g DW, while their polyphenol contents ranged from 5.52 to 144.16 mg GAE/g DW, however, the drying methods had some influencing effect. Regarding fresh plant decoctions, the polyphenol contents (0,02–1,11 mg GAE/g FW) were negligible, while the amount of antioxidants (2,38–4,61 mg AAe/g FW) were low. With other solvents (e.g. alcoholic extraction - tinctures), better results are likely to be achieved. Houseleek species (especially in dried form) are an excellent source of trace elements, antioxidants, and phenolic components so they can even be used as additives to functional foods or consumed on their own in the form of encapsulated dietary supplements.
Aluminum, a contentious trace element found in the environment, has been demonstrated to have harmful effects on both humans and animals. In contrast,
, an evergreen plant, has been found to offer ...numerous beneficial effects for both humans and animals. Therefore, this study aims to assess the protective effect of
on certain reproductive biomarkers in male rats exposed to aluminum. Thirty-five Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: NTC (no-treatment control) received distilled water; NC (negative control) received drinking water containing 1 mg/L aluminum sulfate (AS); E1 received 1 mg/L AS along with an 8%
extract; PC (positive control) received only 8%
extract; E2 received 1 mg/L AS for three months followed by 8% extract for one month. The study analyzed testosterone, LH, FSH, body weight, and the histological structure of the testis, epididymis, and prostate, as well as the levels of zinc, manganese, copper, and iron in these organs. Significant decreases in body weight, testis, and epididymis size were observed in the aluminum-exposed groups compared to the control, whereas these decreases were not significant in the
-treated groups compared to the control. Aluminum exposure led to significant decreases in testosterone and LH levels, with FSH levels showing a nonsignificant decrease in males, which were mitigated significantly by the administration of the plant extract. Histological analysis revealed alterations in the testis, epididymis, and prostate of the AS-exposed groups, including necrosis of seminiferous tubule epithelium and Leydig cells in the testis, and basal epithelial necrosis in the epididymis and prostate. Aluminum levels increased in all organs studied, while levels of zinc, copper, iron, and manganese decreased, showing a negative and significant correlation with aluminum levels. The aqueous extract of
demonstrated a protective effect on certain studied biomarkers in male rats affected by aluminum exposure.
The effects of ultrasound power and frequency on the yield of total extractive substances (TES), total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and antioxidant activity (AOA) of fresh ...houseleek leaves extracts obtained by direct ultrasound-assisted extraction (DUAE) were studied. Preliminary extraction of plant material was performed using methanol, acetone and 2-propanol by Soxhlet extraction. It was found that maximum TES yield could be obtained by methanol extraction (2.91+ or -0.02), followed by acetone and 2-propanol with a TES yield of 2.32+ or -0.01 and 2.01+ or -0.03 g per 100 g of fresh plant material, respectively. In the fresh houseleek leaves extracts obtained by DUAE and methanol as the chosen solvent, TPC, TFC and AOA were in the ranges of: 40.5-85.9 mg gallic acid/g dry extract, 12.7-19.3 mg rutin/g dry extract and 24.6-108.2microg/ml, respectively. The results showed that the increase in the ultrasound power and extraction time have positive and significant (p < 0.05) effects on the TPC, TFC and AOA, while the increase in the ultrasound frequency leads to a decrease in the TPC, TFC and AOA of the extracts. A chromatographic analysis of crude extract identified the following: kaempferol 3-O-(6"-O-malonylglucoside)-7-O-glucosyde, kaempferol 3-O-glucoside-7-O-rhamnoside, luteolin 5-O-(6"-O-malonylglucoside), kaempferol 3-O-(6"-O-acetylglucoside)-7-O-rhamnoside, genkwanin 5-O-glucoside, luteolin 5-O-(6"-O-malonylglucoside), kaempferol 3-O-(6"-O-malonylglucoside), kaempferol 3-O-rhamnoside, quercetin, genkwanin 4'-O-glucoside and hyperoside. Keywords: ultrasound, direct ultrasound-assisted extraction, Sempervivum marmoreum, phenol, flavonoid, antioxidant, HPLC-DAD. Ciljove studije bilo je ispitivanje uticaja snage i frekvencije ultrazvuka i vremena ekstrakcije na prinos ukupnih ekstraktivnih materija (TES), ukupan sadraj fenola (TPC) ukupnog sadraja flavonoida (TFC) i antioksidativne aktivnosti (AOA) ekstrakata dobijenog iz sveih listova cuvarkuce. Preliminarna ekstrakcija polifenolnih jedinjenja uradena je primenom metanola, acetona i 2-propanola. Maksimalan prinos ukupnih ektraktivnih supstanci dobijen je ekstrakcijom po Soksletu (Soxhlet) sa metanolom kao rastvaracem. Rezultati su pokazali da povecanje ultrazvucne snage ima pozitivan i znacajan (p < 0,05) uticaj na TPC, TFC i AOA. Povecanje frekvencije ultrazvuka od 42 do 1038 kHz dovodi do smanjenja TPC, TFC i AOA. Rezultati pokazuju da sonikacija na 75 W i 211 kHz ima uglavnom pozitivan efekat na TPC, TFC i AOA kod ekstrakata dobijenih iz sveih listova cuvarkuce. Najzastupljenije komponente ekstrakata identifikovanih pomocu HPLC-DAD su: kemferol 3-O-(6"-O-malonilglukozid)-7-O-glukozid, kemferol 3-O-glukozid-7-O-ramnozid, luteolin 5-O-(6"-O-malonilglukozid), kemferol 3-O-(6"-O-acetilglukozid)-7-O-ramnozid, genkvanin 5-O-glukozid, luteolin 5-O-(6"-O-malo-nilglukozide), kemferol 3-O-(6"-O-malonilglukozid), kemferol 3-O-ramnozid, kvercetin, genkvanin 4'-O-glukozid i hiperozid. Kljucne reci: Ultrazvuk * Sempervivum marmoreum * Fenol * Flavonoid * Antioksidant * HPLC
Sempervivum tectorum L. and Corylus avellana L. are traditional herbal remedies exhibiting antioxidant activity and representing diverse phenolic composition. The aim of this study was to reveal the ...contribution of certain compounds to total radical scavenging activity by studying S. tectorum and C. avellana extracts prepared with solvents of different selectivity for diverse classes of phenolics. Antioxidant activity of S. tectorum and C. avellana samples was determined in the ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging assays, and phenolic composition was evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS). Correlations between antioxidant activity and phenolic content of houseleek extracts have been revealed. Significant differences regarding antioxidant activity have been shown between S. tectorum 80% (v/v) methanol extract and its fractions. Additionally, synergism among the constituents present together in the whole extract was assumed. Significantly higher radical scavenging activity of hazel extracts has been attributed to the differences in phenolic composition compared with houseleek extracts.
Константин Рахно Борода донара, громовое растение, кровельное зелье: об истории народных названий молодила кровельного. Аннотация. Статья посвящена истории народных названий молодила кровельного ...(Sempervivum tectorum L.) – многолетнего растения, которое в Европе издревле сажали на крышах. Известное еще античным и раннесредневековым авторам, оно считалась оберегом от грозы и пожаров. По поверью, известному в Англии, Франции, Швейцарии, Германии, Австрии, Чехии, Словакии, Словении, Сербии и других странах, в дом, на крыше которого растёт молодило, никогда не ударит молния. Вера в чудодейственную силу молодила сохранялась еще в конце XIX – начале ХХ века. Она отразилась в его названиях у различных народов, которые подчеркивали связь растения с Громовержцем, его живучесть, роль как оберега жилья и кровли. Ключевые слова: молодило, этноботаника, фитонимы, народные верования, оберег, Европа. Rakhno Kostyantyn Donar’s beard, thunder plant, roof herb: on the history of the popular names of houseleek. Abstract. The article deals with the history of popular names of houseleek (Sempervivum tectorum L.) – a perennial plant that was planted on house roofs in Europe since ancient times. It is native to the mountains of southern Europe. This plant has been known to humans for thousands of years, and has attracted many common names and traditions. Mentioned already by ancient and early medieval writers, it has been traditionally thought to protect against thunderstorms and fire. In his Capitulare de villis vel curtis imperii, Charlemagne recommended it be grown on top of houses. In some places of Germany and England houseleek is still traditionally grown on the roofs of houses. Among Slavic peoples, the tradition of roof-top houseleeks was practiced for a long time too. According to a belief, well-known in England, France, Switzerland, Germany, Austria, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, Serbia, Hungary and some other countries, a house, on the roof of which houseleek is growing, will be never struck by lightning. This plant is able to ward off fire and lightning strikes. The faith in this miraculous power of houseleek has been remained still in the late 19th – early 20th century. It was preserved in its names among different peoples, which reflect an association of this plant with the Thunder-God, for example, with the Roman thunder-god Jupiter, notably the Latin barba Jovis and its French derivative joubarbe; or with the Norse thunder-god Thor as in German Donnerbart and Dutch Donderbaard. The association with the Thunderer has been derived from a resemblance between the flowers and the god’s red beard. Romanian iarba tunului, iarba de tun, Czech netřesk, and English thunderplant simply refer to thunder. Other common names, such as Anglo-Saxon singrēne, refer to its longevity. They reflect also its role as a charm for dwellings and roofs – German Dachwurz, Hauswurz, English houseleek, Serbian čuvarkuča. Keywords: houseleek, ethnobotanics, phytonyms, folk beliefs, charms, Europe.
Sempervivum tectorum L. (houseleek) leaf juice has been known as a traditional herbal remedy. The aim of the present study was the chemical characterization of its phenolic compounds and to develop ...quantitation methods for its main flavonol glycoside, as well as to evaluate its antinociceptive activity. Lyophilized houseleek leaf juice was studied by HPLC–DAD coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC–ESI-MS/MS) to identify flavonol glycosides, hydroxy-benzoic and hydroxy-cinnamic acids. Ten flavonol glycosides and sixteen phenolic acid compounds were identified or tentatively characterized. Structure of the main flavonol compound was identified by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Three characteristic kaempferol glycosides were isolated and determined by LC–ESI-MS/MS with external calibration method, using the isolated compounds as standard. The main flavonol glycoside was also determined by HPLC–DAD. Validated HPLC–DAD and LC–ESI-MS/MS methods were developed to quantify kaempferol-3-O-rhamnosyl-glucoside-7-O-rhamnoside and two other kaempferol glycosides. Antinociceptive activity of houseleek leaf juice was investigated by writhing test of mice. Sempervivum extract significantly reduced pain in the mouse writhing test.
This paper presents a comparative study of the anti-oxidant and anti-microbial activities, total phenolic compounds and total flavonoids in extracts obtained from houseleek (Sempervivum marmoreum L.) ...leaves by the classical (maceration), ultrasonic and Soxhlet extraction (CE, UE and SE, respectively). The extract obtained by the CE contained higher amounts of phenolic and flavonoid compounds and showed a better antioxidant activity than those obtained using other two techniques. All the extracts, independent of the extraction technique applied, showed antimicrobial activities against Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans only but not against the tested bacteria.
Rad predstavlja komparativnu studiju antioksidativnog, antimikrobnog dejstva i sadrzaja ukupnih fenolnih i flavonoidnih jedinjenja u ekstraktima dobijenim iz lista cuvarkuce (Sempervivum marmoreum L.) maceracijom, ultrazvucnom ekstrakcijom i ekstrakcijom po Soksletu. Ekstrakt dobijen maceracijom sadrzi vise fenolnih i flavonoidnih jedinjenja i pokazuje vece antioksidativno dejstvo nego ekstrakti dobijeni ostalim tehnikama. Svi ekstrakti nezavisno od primenjene tehnike pokazuju slicnu antimikrobnu aktivnost prema Aspergillus niger i Candida albicans ali ne i prema testiranim bakterijama.
This paper presents a comparative study of the anti-oxidant and anti-microbial activities, total phenolic compounds and total flavonoids in extracts obtained from houseleek (Sempervivum marmoreum L.) ...leaves by the classical (maceration), ultrasonic and Soxhlet extraction (CE, UE and SE, respectively). The extract obtained by the CE contained higher amounts of phenolic and flavonoid compounds and showed a better antioxidant activity than those obtained using other two techniques. All the extracts, independent of the extraction technique applied, showed antimicrobial activities against Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans only but not against the tested bacteria.
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