A popular version of history trumpets the United States as a diverse "nation of immigrants," welcome to all. The truth, however, is that local communities have a long history of ambivalence toward ...new arrivals and minorities. Persistent patterns of segregation by race and income still exist in housing and schools, along with a growing emphasis on rapid metropolitan development (sprawl) that encourages upwardly mobile families to abandon older communities and their problems. This dual pattern is becoming increasingly important as America grows more diverse than ever and economic inequality increases. Two recent trends compel new attention to these issues. First, the geography of race and class represents a crucial litmus test for the new "regionalism"-the political movement to address the linked fortunes of cities and suburbs. Second, housing has all but disappeared as a major social policy issue over the past two decades. This timely book shows how unequal housing choices and sprawling development create an unequal geography of opportunity. It emerges from a project sponsored by the Civil Rights Project at Harvard University in collaboration with the Joint Center for Housing Studies and the Brookings Institution. The contributors-policy analysts, political observers, social scientists, and urban planners-document key patterns, their consequences, and how we can respond, taking a hard look at both successes and failures of the past. Place still matters, perhaps more than ever. High levels of segregation shape education and job opportunity, crime and insecurity, and long-term economic prospects. These problems cannot be addressed effectively if society assumes that segregation will take care of itself. Contributors include William Apgar (Harvard University), Judith Bell (PolicyLink), Angela Glover Blackwell (PolicyLink), Allegra Calder (Harvard), Karen Chapple (Cal-Berkeley), Camille Charles (Penn), Mary Cunningham (Urban Institute), Casey Dawkins (Virginia
National land use policies and strategies worldwide have attempted to establish a healthy housing rental market towards urban sustainability. Monitoring fine-scale housing rental prices should ...provide essential implications for equitable housing policies. However, doing so remains a challenge because aggregated data were traditionally collected at a coarse scale through census or social surveys. On-line housing rental websites (OHRWs) have become popular social media platforms in the housing studies. This paper attempts to demonstrate how to monitor fine-scale housing rental prices based on OHRWs using the case of Shenzhen in China. Employing hedonic model, a set of housing rental determinants are initially selected from three characteristics (neighborhood, location and structure) and at three levels (nearest accessibility, 15-minute walking distance availability and sub-district availability). Housing rent prediction models are then established (respectively for October 2017 and February 2018) using the training samples collected from the OHRWs and six machine-learning algorithms, including random forest regression (RFR), extra-trees regression (ETR), gradient-boosting regression (GBR), support vector regression (SVR), multi-layer perceptron neural network (MLP-NN) and k-nearest neighbor algorithm (k-NN). Thereafter, the relative importance of the determinants is calculated and visualized using partial dependence plots. Finally, the models are used to monitor housing rental price dynamics for all of the communities within Shenzhen. Results show that all of the algorithms except SVR generally present good performance. Among them, RFR and ETR are the best one in October 2017 and February 2018, respectively. Concerning the spatial pattern of housing rental, the high-high clusters merge in the central districts, whereas the low-low clusters are located in the outskirts, and the growth rate is the greatest in the farthest outskirts from the central districts. Each determinant affects the housing rent across different scale and sub-district availability and nearest accessibility are more important than 15-minute walking distance availability. The two most influential determinants are sub-district job opportunity and nearest accessibility to health care facilities. The case of Shenzhen shows that the demonstrated framework, which integrates machine-learning algorithms and the hedonic modeling, is practical and efficient. The approach is believed to provide an essential tool to inform equitable housing policies.
Creeping Conformity, the first history of suburbanization in Canada, provides a geographical perspective - both physical and social - on Canada's suburban past.
Con la adopción de políticas neoliberales desde la década de 1990 en Brasil, se han incrementado los impactos de la política económica en la producción de la crisis urbana y habitacional brasileña. A ...través del análisis crítico de fuentes bibliográficas, se buscó discutir la producción del espacio urbano, la apropiación del espacio por parte de la clase dominante, la crisis habitacional y las políticas públicas de vivienda. En un contexto de desigualdad en el acceso a la tierra urbana, es de suma importancia la lucha por el derecho a la ciudad como medio de resistencia y superación del paradigma neoliberal. El artículo contribuye al debate sobre la relación entre la política económica y la producción del espacio urbano, señalando desafíos y posibilidades para la construcción de una ciudad más justa y democrática.
The term ‘affordable housing’ has been rapidly gaining currency over the last decade across Europe, both in policy and research circles. While it is often used as a synonym or close relative of the ...term ‘social housing’, more recently it is finding its own definition and policy instruments in specific cities and countries. However, boundaries between both concepts remain unclear. To shed light on recent developments of each of these terms, this paper presents findings from a study commissioned by the European Investment Bank, which investigated current trends in definitions, programmes and policies both in social housing and affordable housing. This paper focuses on findings for England, Italy, Poland and The Netherlands. Methods used included desk research and interviews with key informants in each of the four countries. In addition, in-depth information about Italy and The Netherlands was gathered through stakeholder workshops carried out between September and November 2016. Findings show that affordable housing in all four countries is becoming a more distinct field, in parallel to developments in social housing. In addition, the paper describes some innovative policies undertaken to develop affordable housing solutions. The paper concludes with a reflection on scenarios for future policy developments and an agenda for further research.
Peter Marcuse war ein wichtiger Autor in der internationalen kritischen Stadt- und Wohnforschung. Seine Arbeiten, u. a. zu Gentrifizierung und Wohnungspolitik, boten immer wieder Anknüpfungspunkte ...auch für soziale städtische Bewegungen in New York, Berlin und anderen Städten. Anlässlich seines Todes im März 2022 diskutieren vier renommierte Wissenschaftler:innen über sein Werk und dessen Bedeutung für ihr eigenes Schaffen und für aktuelle Kämpfe für ein Recht auf Stadt und ein Recht auf Wohnen.
The One-Way Street of Integrationexamines two contrasting housing policy approaches to achieving racial justice. Integration initiatives and community development efforts have been for decades ...contrasting means of achieving racial equity through housing policy. Edward G. Goetz doesn't see the solution to racial injustice as the government moving poor and nonwhite people out of their communities, and by tracing the tensions involved in housing integration and policy across fifty years and myriad developments he shows why.
Goetz's core argument, in a provocative book that shows today's debates about housing, mobility, and race have deep roots, is that fair housing advocates have adopted a spatial strategy of advocacy that has increasingly brought it into conflict with community development efforts.The One-Way Street of Integrationcritiques fair housing integration policies for targeting settlement patterns while ignoring underlying racism and issues of economic and political power. Goetz challenges liberal orthodoxy, determining that the standard efforts toward integration are unlikely to lead to racial equity or racial justice in American cities. In fact, in this pursuit it is the community development movement rather than integrated housing projects that has the greatest potential for connecting to social change and social justice efforts.
Traditionally, an assessment of efficiency of regional housing policy is based on studies of housing construction sector, housing market, investment attractiveness, migration of economically active ...population and others. But the current stage of urbanization in Russia is accelerated by digitalization and smart technologies in cities, which makes a new type of housing policy assessment necessary. The article presents a four-level methodology for assessing the efficiency of regional housing policy, which evaluates the regional social and economic policy in the construction industry for urban districts with the population over 100,000 citizens in conditions of digitalization. The methodological basis for calculating the integral indicator of housing policy efficiency is presented and visualized in vectors. The author’s methodology is based on the methodological approach of S.A. Ayvazyan and the methodology of the urban digitalization index “IQ of Cities”, which was created by the Ministry of Construction of the Russian Federation in cooperation with Lomonosov Moscow State University. In the process of calculation the final integral indicator of efficiency of housing policy the authors use three equivalent integrated indicators of the 2nd level, such as economic, housing and digital indicators. The paper presents 10 indices for each integral indicator of the 3rd level and explains their economic meaning. The calculation of these indicators is carried out by means of the basic indicators of the 4th level on the basis of official statistics. The study presents the results of testing the authors’ methodological approach, which was made on the basis of official regional statistics. In the process of testing different cities from all federal districts of the Russian Federation were selected, so their results had a large spread. The purpose of such selection was to demonstrate the efficiency of the model and its suitability for the federal and regional authorities as a tool for planning and control.
PDF
