We report on a large-scale urban resettlement program in Uruguay. Under the program, thousands of low- to middle-income households were randomly assigned over the course of seven years to ownership ...of apartments in new buildings in more central areas and received a subsidy averaging $44,000 per household. We match applicants to comprehensive administrative data on employment, schooling, fertility, and voting over the decade after the move. We find that the program led to a small decline in fertility for women and a two-percentage-point increase in formal employment but did not affect school attendance. The relocation program did not result in transformative improvements in the lives of its beneficiaries, likely because of its minimum income requirements and the lack of strong spatial inequality in Uruguay.
•We study a major housing relocation program in Uruguay.•The program ran 187 independent lotteries to allocation new houses and a housing subsidy worth an average of $40,000.•We find limited impacts of the program on employment and fertility, and none on education or political participation.•Lack of impacts appears to be driven by income requirements for the mortgage component of the program, and by limited spatial heterogeneity in Uruguay overall.
Introduction: The relationship between redlining and diabetes prevalence has been understudied. Residents of redlined tracts experience risk factors (inadequate diet, lack of exercise, etc.) at ...higher rates, which can precipitate increases in diabetes cases, especially in low-income neighborhoods. We observe the statistical association between redlining regions and diabetes prevalence and establish causality through access quantification.
Methods: Historic Redlining Scores (HRS) were collected from the Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. HRS were weighted averages of HOLC A, B, C, and D grades from the 1930s. Through connection with the U.S Census Tract, we obtained diabetes rates from Houston, Miami, and Cleveland, cities with prevalent adult diabetes cases and discriminatory housing policies. Generalized Linear Regression (LR) computed the correlation between HRS and diabetes rates from 2018-2020. USDA Food Access Research Dataset was used to deduce access disparity for low-income residents in the three cities.
Results: LR models for 2018-2020 demonstrated a significant positive association between HOLC grade and diabetes rate of 3.35, 3.22, and 3.17 (all p < 2e-16), respectively. Furthermore, there is a 35% decrease in food accessibility for low-income residents within a half-mile for grade C/D tracts compared to grade A/B tracts, with over half (54%) of residents in C/D tracts without access to supermarkets within a half-mile.
Conclusion: The significant positive relationship between historic redlining rates and diabetes rates strongly suggests the effects of discriminatory policies continue to adversely affect minority communities. We believe the lack of adequate healthy food access results in minority demographics more heavily relying on processed and fast food, predisposing them to a higher risk of diabetes. Increasing infrastructure for healthy food access presently may alleviate diabetes rates in the next few decades.
Disclosure
S.R.Shah: None. T.Martheswaran: None. S.R.Shah: None. A.Kumar: None.
Publikacja jest pokłosiem interdyscyplinarnych badań nad identyfikacją lokalnej polityki mieszkaniowej gmin wiejskich i wypełnia lukę w literaturze z zakresu socjologii, ekonomii i geografii ...społeczno-ekonomicznej.
Autorzy posłużyli się metodą case study, opisując sześć podmiejskich gmin wiejskich województwa łódzkiego. Bazując na danych zastanych, przedstawili uwarunkowania i zakres polityki mieszkaniowej, jej znaczenie w dokumentach planistycznych oraz podmioty współrealizujące. Poszukiwali także informacji na temat relacji między poziomem rozwoju gmin a zakresem polityki mieszkaniowej.
Analizy dowiodły, że znaczenie polityki mieszkaniowej w planach gmin jest marginalne. Główną przesłanką na rzecz rozwoju mieszkalnictwa na tych terenach jest żywiołowy napływ mieszkańców z sąsiadującego miasta. Gminy prowadzą więc politykę reaktywną, nie planują zaś prospektywnie. Głównymi jej kreatorami są władze lokalne oraz mieszkańcy. Identyfikowany zakres polityki mieszkaniowej odnosił się do wymiaru społecznego oraz rynkowego. Dominowało zainteresowanie sferą rynkową, obserwowany byt regres zakresu społecznego. Gminy, z nielicznymi wyjątkami, nie rozwijały mieszkaniowych zasobów komunalnych pomimo diagnozowania ich braku. Inwestycje w infrastrukturę techniczną i społeczną były postrzegane jako kluczowe dla ich rozwoju. Relacje między poziomem rozwoju a zakresem polityki mieszkaniowej nie były jednoznaczne.
In this report, I focus on property, particularly housing, as an essential race-making institution and consider its connections to the carceral state. I examine renewed attention to property within ...geography and some of the ways that scholars are engaging with property regimes as a means to theorize race. Situating property within the context of racial capitalism and critical carceral studies, I draw from struggles over segregation and open housing in Milwaukee, Wisconsin to illustrate the linkages between the city’s housing crisis and policing. A robust body of literature documents the inseparability of race and crime, but I further contend that both are conjoined with the politics of residential property.
In the wake of COVID-19, programs for housing homeless individuals in hotels have emerged in the U.S., though research has yielded little information about the impact of these programs on ...participants expressed in their own words. In this qualitative study conducted in a major northeastern city, 13 previously street homeless individuals recount their experiences of hotel housing during the pandemic. Participants were recruited from an advocacy-initiated collaborative that operated with a housing first approach, providing private rooms without requirements or intrusive oversight typically found in shelter environments. Benefits of hotel housing reported include improvements in physical health, sleep, personal hygiene, privacy, safety, nutrition, and overall well-being. Inductive coding by consensus and thematic development yielded three themes. Participants described hotel living as (1) a platform for stability; (2) protection from COVID and other hazards; and (3) freeing mental space for future planning. As research shows hotel programs' success, an unprecedented opportunity has arisen from the pandemic to end homelessness for many. Given current federal budget increases, it is recommended that hotels become part of a larger effort to reduce shelter populations and increase access to independent housing.
A Right to Housing Hartman, Chester; Bratt, Rachel G; Stone, Michael E
02/2006
eBook
In the 1949 Housing Act, Congress declared "a decent home and a suitable living environment for every American family" our national housing goal. Today, little more than half a century later, upwards ...of 100 million people in the United States live in housing that is physically inadequate, unsafe, overcrowded, or unaffordable.The contributors toA Right to Housingconsider the key issues related to America's housing crisis, including income inequality and insecurity, segregation and discrimination, the rights of the elderly, as well as legislative and judicial responses to homelessness. The book offers a detailed examination of how access to adequate housing is directly related to economic security.With essays by leading activists and scholars, this book presents a powerful and compelling analysis of the persistent inability of the U.S. to meet many of its citizens' housing needs, and a comprehensive proposal for progressive change.
Documents the evolution of HOPE VI, exploring what it accomplished replacing severely distressed public housing with mixed-income communities and where it fell short. Reveals how a program conceived ...to address a specific problem triggered a revolution in public housing and solidified principles that still guide urban policy today.
Guest editorial Chyi Lin Lee
International journal of housing markets and analysis,
09/2019, Letnik:
12, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Recenzirano
I am pleased to put together the special issue of housing issues in developing Asian countries. A total of eight papers have been selected for publication in this special issue of the International ...Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis. The papers range widely in their choice of topics, including housing affordability, interdependence of housing markets, affordable housing policies and housing price modelling
As housing supply in England reaches crisis point, Duncan Bowie provides a critical review of housing policy under successive UK governments. From Blair's New Labour and Cameron's Coalition ...government to the 2016 Housing and Planning Act, Bowie demonstrates how successive governments have failed to provide adequate, affordable housing, leading to a chronic lack of provision.
Exploring the inter-relationship between housing, planning and land policies, Bowie puts forward a reform programme based on an alternative set of policy priorities and delivery mechanisms, arguing the case for an integrated approach on land, taxation, planning and public investment to provide radical solutions to a growing crisis.
To assess if historical redlining, the US government's 1930s racially discriminatory grading of neighborhoods' mortgage credit-worthiness, implemented via the federally sponsored Home Owners' Loan ...Corporation (HOLC) color-coded maps, is associated with contemporary risk of preterm birth (< 37 weeks gestation).
We analyzed 2013-2017 birth certificate data for all singleton births in New York City (n = 528 096) linked by maternal residence at time of birth to (1) HOLC grade and (2) current census tract social characteristics.
The proportion of preterm births ranged from 5.0% in grade A ("best"-green) to 7.3% in grade D ("hazardous"-red). The odds ratio for HOLC grade D versus A equaled 1.6 and remained significant (1.2;
< .05) in multilevel models adjusted for maternal sociodemographic characteristics and current census tract poverty, but was 1.07 (95% confidence interval = 0.92, 1.20) after adjustment for current census tract racialized economic segregation.
Historical redlining may be a structural determinant of present-day risk of preterm birth.
Policies for fair housing, economic development, and health equity should consider historical redlining's impacts on present-day residential segregation and health outcomes.
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