This paper develops a novel measure of affordability for the São Paulo metropolitan region that combines housing costs and transportation costs, including opportunity cost associated with commuting ...time. The results for the 2007–2013 period indicate that the number of households spending >30% of their income on housing or 45% or more on housing and transportation costs combined has been increasing rapidly. This measure of affordability that includes transportation costs provides a broader measure of housing needs to guide housing policy in addressing housing conditions that have negative effects on individual and social welfare.
•This paper develops a novel measure of affordability that combines housing costs and transportation costs.•It develops a measure of housing costs for owners and includes opportunity cost from commuting time in transportation costs.•Households housing and transportation cost burdened increased from 1.2 to 1.9 million between 2007 and 2013 (58.6%).•In São Paulo metropolitan region 27.7% of households spend over 45% of their income on housing and transportation by 2013.•This broader measure of affordability points to integrating housing policy with infrastructure investments.•Low cost housing located far from job center can result in a substantial number of cost burdened households.
Ageing in Place is the emerging social policy drive for long-term care coordination of older persons globally. This decision may be the only viable option in many low- and middle-income countries ...like Nigeria. Nevertheless, the risk of older persons being 'stuck in place' is high if their preferences are not considered or other alternatives are neither acceptable nor available. This study determined factors associated with the preferred care setting among community-dwelling older persons and explored their views about their choices.
The study utilised a mixed-methods approach. Participants were older persons (≥ 60 years) in a selected rural and urban community in Oyo State, south-western Nigeria. Quantitative data were collected using an interviewer-administered, semi-structured questionnaire and analysed using Stata version 14 at p<0.05. Qualitative data collection involved 22 Focus Group Discussions (FGD). The discussions were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically using ATLAS.ti version 8. Selected quotations were used to illustrate themes.
1,180 participants (588 rural vs 592 urban) were interviewed with a mean age of 73.2 ±9.3 years. More rural participants preferred to AIP (61.6%) compared to urban participants (39.2%), p = 0.001. Factors associated with the decision for rural participants were older age OR:2.07 (95%CI:1.37-3.14), being male OR:2.41(95%CI:1.53-3.81) and having assistance at home OR:1.79 (95%CI:1.15-2.79). In comparison, significant factors for urban participants were older age (≥70years) OR:1.54(95%CI:1.03-2.31) and home-ownership OR:5.83 (95%CI:3.82-8.91). The FGD revealed that the traditional expectation of reciprocity of care mostly influenced the desire to AIP. Advantages include improved social connectedness, quality of care, community participation and reduced isolation. Interestingly, participants were not opposed to the option of institutional care.
Ageing in place is preferred and influenced by advanced age and home ownership in our setting. Information provided could guide age-friendly housing policies and community-based programmes for the care of older persons.
Brownfield land is vacant or derelict land that was previously used for industrial or commercial purposes. Brownfield land is increasingly being targeted for housing development, however, depending ...on the previous use and remediation activity, it might pose potential risks to the health of residents on or in the vicinity of redeveloped sites. This systematic review of the literature synthesises the empirical evidence on the associations between brownfield land and health.
We systematically searched EMBASE, MEDLINE, Global Health, Web of Science, Scopus and GreenFile using a study protocol registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022286826). The search strategy combined the keywords "brownfield" and its interchangeable terms such as "previously developed land", and any health outcomes such as "respiratory diseases" and "mortality". Publications identified from the search were screened for eligibility by two authors, and data were extracted from the selected articles. Study quality was assessed based on the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.
Of the 1,987 records retrieved, 6 studies met the inclusion criteria; 3 ecological studies, 2 cross-sectional studies, and 1 longitudinal study. There was considerable heterogeneity in the exposure metrics and health outcomes assessed. All studies found significant positive associations between brownfield land proximity or density with at least one health relevant outcome, including poorer self-reported general health, increased mortality rates, increased birth defects, increased serum metal levels, and accelerated immune ageing.
Brownfield land may negatively affect the health of nearby residents. The epidemiological evidence on health effects associated with brownfield land in local communities, however, remains inconclusive and limited. Further studies are required to build the evidence base to inform future housing policies and urban planning.
Affordable housing in the United States faces several challenges including a lack of supply and a lack of quality housing for many tenants. This means that, for lowest-income housing seekers, many ...are left without affordable options or in inadequate housing. This housing can be unsafe and detrimental to the health and development of residents. While this crisis can be seen nationwide, this Note will focus on the affordable housing offered by the D.C. Housing Authority (DCHA). The Department of Housing and Urban Development has conducted an audit of DCHA that identified major problems that must be remedied. This Note will detail the major issues with DCHA and offer a number of potential actions that could improve the operation of DCHA and the properties they manage.
Demonstrating the utility of Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) administrative data, Shcheglovitova and Lee link Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) data to HUD rental ...assistance and Kansas City, Missouri, parcel data to assess flood risk. Duda, Smith, and Jiao use Chicago parcel-level data to examine the loss of two- to four-unit buildings across the city, and Greenberg et al. link data on mortgage transactions, sales prices, housing maintenance violations, and marshals' evictions with affordable housing investments to analyze to measure how speculative finance affects communities and quality of life across New York City. Thomas et al. describe a method that uses natural language processing to mine court record images to digitize eviction case records and a process to geocode addresses in a case study using Washington State data so they can answer questions about the characteristics of renters and units in eviction cases.
Dieser Bericht enthält Daten, internationale Praxisbeispiele und politikrelevante Erkenntnisse für die Gestaltung der Wohnungspolitik. Besonders im Fokus stehen dabei drei wichtige Aspekte: Teilhabe, ...Effizienz und Nachhaltigkeit. In vielen OECD-Ländern ist es zunehmend schwierig geworden, für alle Menschen ausreichend Wohnraum zur Verfügung zu stellen. Grund dafür sind vor allem die steigenden Wohnungspreise, die wiederum eine Folge des unzureichenden Angebots sind, das - gerade in städtischen Räumen mit zahlreichen Arbeitsplätzen - nicht mit der wachsenden Nachfrage Schritt halten konnte. Dies erklärt sich zwar z. T. aus geografischen Gegebenheiten, in vielen Städten beschränken aber auch Flächennutzungs- und Bebauungsvorschriften das Angebot. Zugleich behindern manche mietrechtlichen Bestimmungen die Entwicklung des Mietwohnungsmarkts, was die Mieten steigen lässt. Hinzu kommt, dass die Klimawende für den Wohngebäudesektor eine besondere Herausforderung darstellt, schließlich entfallen auf ihn 17 % der CO2-Emissionen und 37 % der Feinstaubemissionen weltweit. In fast zwei Dritteln der Länder weltweit fehlt es immer noch an energietechnischen Bauvorschriften. Angesichts der langen Lebensdauer von Wohngebäuden müssen die Klimaanstrengungen hier möglichst frühzeitig greifen. Gestützt auf solide Daten beschreibt dieser Bericht Optionen für konzertierte Maßnahmen, um diese Herausforderungen anzugehen und dabei Komplementäreffekten und Konflikten zwischen verschiedenen Zielen der Wohnungspolitik Rechnung zu tragen. Er ist Teil des "OECD Housing Toolkit", das auch ein interaktives Online-Dashboard mit Indikatoren und Country-Snapshots enthält.
This research investigates the relationship between housing wealth and residential satisfaction. Using household panel survey data from the UK, we find that individuals' asymmetric responses to ...changes in housing wealth distribution, that is, loss aversion experienced by the worse-off group, could offset the gain from an increase in housing wealth at the aggregate level. Consequently, housing wealth growth does not necessarily improve residential satisfaction for society as a whole if it leads to housing wealth inequality. Given the significant impact of housing wealth distribution on residential satisfaction, it is important to consider housing wealth inequality in making public policy decisions.
Alcohol outlets tend to cluster in lower income neighborhoods and do so disproportionately in areas with more residents of color. This study explores the association between on- and off-premise ...alcohol outlet density and history of redlining with violent crime in New York City between 2014 and 2018. Alcohol outlet density was calculated using a spatial accessibility index. Multivariable linear regression models assess associations between the history of redlining, on-premise and off-premise alcohol outlet density with serious crime. Each unit increase in on- and off-premise alcohol density was associated with a significant increase in violent crime (β = 3.1,
< 0.001 on-premise and β = 33.5,
< 0.001 off premise). In stratified models (redlined vs not redlined community block groups) the association between off-premise alcohol outlet density and violent crime density was stronger in communities with a history of redlining compared to those without redlining (β = 42.4,
< 0.001 versus β = 30.9,
< 0.001, respectively). However, on-premise alcohol outlet density was only significantly associated with violent crime in communities without a history of redlining (β = 3.6,
< 0.001). The violent crime experienced by formerly redlined communities in New York City is likely related to a legacy of racialized housing policies and may be associated with state policies that allow for high neighborhood alcohol outlet density.
Built for Zero (BFZ) is a resource allocation method for homeless systems that has gained popularity in North America. Community Solutions, the organization that created/promotes BFZ, argues system ...managers can end homelessness by using business management techniques to flexibly allocate housing assistance and achieve systemwide benchmarks like functional zero chronic homelessness. Little research has analyzed how BFZ strategies are applied to homeless systems. This is a notable blind spot because homeless systems confront different barriers/enablers that facilitate/constrain BFZ integration. I extend housing scholarship by using ethnographic data of referral meetings in a large U.S. County to analyze managerial use of BFZ strategies promoted by Community Solutions. I show political economic constraints force macro-micro tradeoffs on the path to functional zero that marginalize the wants/needs of some clients by referring them to suboptimal housing. My findings show equitable progress to functional zero requires adequate housing resources so the wants/needs of service recipients are not sidelined.
A globally connected, locally centred housing justice movement calls for comprehensive reforms of policies that influence the distribution and affordability of housing. To date, this movement has yet ...to influence U.S. federal housing policy, which has historically prioritized tax expenditures supporting homeownership over affordable rental housing subsidies for low-income households. This paper takes these appeals to housing justice seriously and asks, 'What would a conception of housing justice offer to housing policy makers seeking to enact comprehensive housing policy reforms designed to shift the balance of federal housing policy priorities away from homeownership towards the satisfaction of low-income households' basic housing needs?' I propose a conception of housing justice grounded in the ideal of civic equality, apply civic equality toward the evaluation of current U.S. federal housing policy, and propose a comprehensive national housing policy reform that is consistent with civic equality. The proposed 'negative housing tax' extends the idea of a negative income tax to a tax on housing consumption and capital gains from home sales. The revenues generated from the tax provide funds to support a guaranteed monthly housing allowance that would be distributed to those facing the most severe housing needs.
