There is gradual recognition that cultural ecosystem services are critical building blocks for human well-being. Cultural and provisioning services are often intertwined, difficult to separate, and ...play salient roles in maintaining local identities. However, multiple studies assume links between cultural ecosystem services and human well-being, without quantifying relationships. We surveyed a representative sample of the population in the Lofoten archipelago in northern Norway, a region faced with great policy challenges around resource harvesting options. Our objective was to examine how public interest in management issues and attachment to place influences the appreciation of cultural ecosystem services benefits and if these benefits can act as satisfiers of well-being. Findings suggest that cultural ecosystem services provide a salient contribution to quality of life in this region, and help satisfy the needs of affection, understanding, creation, subsistence, identity, freedom, participation, protection and leisure. Cultural ecosystem services also constitute salient environmental attributes which contribute to the basic needs of being, having, doing and interacting. The importance of ecosystem services benefits for well-being increases with increasing attachment to the Lofoten environment. We argue that not only the ecosystem services benefits, but the values that emanate from the relationship between people and land should be given greater attention in land use policy.
•Cultural ecosystem services can be linked to human wellbeing and human needs.•Ecosystem services play a role in satisfying basic human needs along with other antecedents.•Place attachment positively influences valuation of how ecosystem services contribute to quality of life.•Assessments of cultural ecosystem services should be a key component of planning and policy processes.
Autonomous vehicle (AV) technology has brought a shift in the traditional role of the driver. This paper applies a user-centred design approach to designing a new AV interior to better support ...drivers. Three empirical studies were conducted, involving a total of 92 drivers (with 44 in Study 1, 12 in Study 2, and 36 in Study 3) to explore user needs and requirements in an AV. In Study 1, safety and comfort, together with a variety of non-driving activities, were identified as the principal concerns about future autonomous vehicles. Based on these findings, Study 2 proposes a new rotatable seating position for AVs, with an in-vehicle information display to facilitate users' activities and situational awareness while driving. Study 3 consists of a series of laboratory simulator evaluation studies, and this indicated that drivers in the proposed design condition had better situational awareness in an AV when dealing with take-over situations. Such findings suggest the possibility of applying rear-facing seats in autonomous vehicles to support in-vehicle non-driving activities. Some specific implications of designs to enhance a driver's situational awareness have also been suggested.
•Safety, comfort, and non-driving activities are the principal concerns of AVs.•A rotatable seating position with an in-vehicle information display is proposed.•The proposed design improves drivers' situational awareness in take-over situations.
Urban planning is a key component of livability and plays a significant role in making cities more livable. Despite the impact the urban environment has on livability, a comprehensive framework that ...measures and promotes livability by incorporating key principles of urban design is not yet available. In practice, indexing systems are being used as benchmarking tools to assess livability; however, little research has been conducted to determine the validity of these systems for informing future urban development and policy as well as evaluating the experience of the larger population. Recent academic research, on the other hand, offers important insights into the links between livability and elements of the urban environment. However, those works only consider specific urban issues rather than covering all key factors of urban planning to assess and improve livability. This article bridges the current gap by offering a new livability framework that combines the broad scale of point-based livability indexing systems with the precise methodologies of recent academic studies. Integrating major aspects of urban planning and the needs of diverse user groups, we present a new comprehensive and inclusive livability assessment framework based on Abraham Maslow's “Theory of Human Needs”. As empirical evidence, we include Hong Kong as a case study and identify the neglected needs (and prerequisites of these needs) of the city's residents, demonstrating our work's potential for future livability evaluations and policy modifications. Our framework enables an in-depth reflection of livability by incorporating key factors of urban planning, which helps identify issues around social segregation and spatial justice for the promotion of healthy, equitable, and livable communities.
•Current livability rankings cannot adequately evaluate the experience of the marginalized communities of the city.•A comprehensive livability framework influenced by Abraham Maslow's "Theory of Human Needs" is developed.•The framework allows a detailed reflection on livability by combining urban planning principles with residents’ needs.•The framework illustrates that Hong Kong's urban livability issues go beyond basic provision, mobility, and sustainability.
•We explore the emerging concept of provisioning systems, and provide a definition.•We analyse relevance of 6 theories to provisioning systems in a safe and just space.•No theory is all-encompassing, ...and most fail to prioritise well-being.•We identify 6 provisioning elements linked by feedbacks and power relations.•Appropriating systems that extract rents are in conflict with meeting human needs.
The concept of provisioning systems has recently emerged as a promising way to understand the differences between levels of resource use and social outcomes observed across societies. However, the characteristics of provisioning systems remain poorly understood. Here, we make a new contribution to conceptualising provisioning systems and to understanding differences in the resource efficiency with which they achieve social outcomes. We define a provisioning system as a set of related elements that work together in the transformation of resources to satisfy a foreseen human need. We analyse six theories in terms of their contribution to understanding provisioning systems within the biophysical and social constraints of Raworth’s “Safe and Just Space” framework. We find that most of these theories fail to prioritise human needs and well-being, and do not incorporate explicit environmental limits. However, they provide important insights that we draw upon to identify six important provisioning system elements (households, markets, the commons, the state, techniques, and material stocks). Based on the theories, we also identify two important relationships between elements, namely feedbacks and power relations. We further propose the concept of “appropriating systems” as a component of provisioning systems. Appropriating systems reduce the resource efficiency of human well-being via rent extraction, and act as a barrier to meeting human needs at a sustainable level of resource use. We combine these concepts into a new framework, and discuss applications to energy systems.
The Imperatives of Sustainable Development Holden, Erling; Linnerud, Kristin; Banister, David
Sustainable development (Bradford, West Yorkshire, England),
May/June 2017, 2017-05-00, 20170501, Letnik:
25, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Social Network Sites (SNS) have been the topic of much scholarly and public debate for the most part of the 21st century. A number of studies have investigated the benefits and drawbacks to using ...SNS, with Facebook the largest example boasting billions of active monthly users. In recent months, media commentary has raised a number of concerning cases surrounding Facebook's use of data, its connection with other organizations and its legitimacy, making a number of open public calls to abandon the platform. However, active users still number in the billions, raising the question, “does Facebook achieve something on a fundamental human and social level that users are willing to overlook the potential drawback to its use?” Using Maslow's needs hierarchy, this study adopts a survey approach (n = 316) and explores the capacity for Facebook to satisfy human needs. Findings identify Facebook as a useful tool to fulfil human needs, which predict continued Facebook use intentions of participants, and further, satisfaction with life. These findings offer a broad-based view of use and its resonance with key motivators of behavior, supporting both Maslow's needs hierarchy and highlighting the importance of need fulfilment for continued service use and satisfaction with life.
•Investigation into the fulfilment of human needs through Facebook use.•SEM to assess human needs, Facebook use and Satisfaction with Life.•Facebook fulfils needs, and continued use is associated with satisfaction with life.
This paper focuses on consumption in the affluent world and the resulting level, composition and distribution of consumption-based emissions. It argues that public policy should foster the ...recomposition of consumption, while not disadvantaging poorer groups in the population. To combine these two imperatives entails making a distinction between goods and services that are necessary for a basic level of well-being, and those that are surplus to this requirement. The argument proceeds in six stages. First, the paper outlines a theory of universal need, as an alternative conception of well-being to consumer preference satisfaction. Second, it proposes a dual strategy methodology for identifying need satisfiers or necessities in a given social context. Then, it applies this methodology to identify a minimum bundle of necessary consumption items in the UK and speculates how it might be used to identify a maximum bundle for sustainable consumption. The next part looks at corporate barriers and structural obstacles in the path of sustainable consumption. The following part reveals a further problem: mitigation policies can result in perverse distributional outcomes when operating in contexts of great inequality. The final section suggests four ecosocial public policies that would simultaneously advance sustainable and equitable consumption in rich nations.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Material demand reduction’.
This article proposes moving beyond the tyranny of economic imperatives towards a human needs-based framework to assess cities and envision their development. Existing calls for such a transition ...lack a foundation able to capture the various dimensions of human life in cities, which can be provided by the concept of human needs. We ask whether cities deliver satisfiers that make them good places to cater for the full range of human needs in a similar way to how they cater for economic needs. The article develops a framework that allows us to address that question. We show how the main debates in human needs theory are illustrated by urban phenomena, and search for a human needs model which is able to advance those debates and tackle the problem specifically in cities. Then we highlight the specifically urban aspects of needs satisfaction processes and construct a table of indicators to assess how cities fare in that respect, ensuring global comparability as to whether, as well as local contextualisation as to how, needs are satisfied.
The film brings a cultural instrument that educates people. People can see the psychological aspects through the characters and social situation, which influences the characterization in the film. ...This study examines Joker (2019) a movie containing the psychological conflicts and the society problems of discrimination system in this era which affects much on the character of Arthur who suffers pseudobulbar affect. The researchers used Maslow’s Theory of Human Needs to analyze Arthur’s need to reflect society’s problem needs. A descriptive qualitative method was used in this study because it focused on the human needs of the main character. The primary data was taken from the dialogue in the film, while the secondary data was from articles discussing Arthur Fleck and society as the film's setting. The technique of collecting data was documentation while analyzing data was divided into three stages. First was data reduction; the researcher classified the data of Arthur ‘s needs and explained why they are classified into those categories. The second was data display; the data is structured and presented so that it is easier to be understood. Then, the researchers presented the data into the display categorized on each dialogue that reflected Arthur’s needs levels and the social problems faced by Arthur. Finally, the conclusion was delivered by describing Maslow's data and theory of human needs and elaborating the description of social issues at that era. The result revealed Arthur Fleck had difficulty fulfilling his basic human needs such as physiological, safety, love and belongingness and esteem needs because of the government's broken system and how society treats a person who suffers mental health disorder like Arthur Fleck. The failure to fulfill those needs has made Arthur actualize himself as the cold-blooded clown, The Joker. Then, it helps him to be recognized and being acknowledged by others.
L’objectiu d’aquest treball és construir una estructura teòrica que estableixi una connexió entre la qualitat de vida, com a concepte multidimensional, i les disciplines de l’espai, com ...l’arquitectura i l’urbanisme. Aquestes disciplines tenen la responsabilitat de crear ambients que influeixen de manera favorable o adversa al benestar dels usuaris quotidians. El punt de partida de l’estudi és que la qualitat de vida depèn de la satisfacció de les necessitats humanes. El suport d'aquest argument està contingut en propostes conceptuals diverses, com ara Maslow (1943), Max Neef et al. (1986), Sen (1996) i Veenhoven (2000). L’articulació d’aquests enfocaments permet construir una proposta teòrica aplicable a l'anàlisi i el disseny d'espais urbans i arquitectònics. L'estudi formula un esquema teòric sobre la qualitat de vida urbana i arquitectònica que exposa i defineix les necessitats espacials, especifica les capacitats espacials o atributs que les satisfan i planteja una taxonomia dels seus satisfactors espacials. Sosté que aquestes disciplines han d’aportar totes les capacitats espacials que condueixin a la creació d’entorns sinèrgics, és a dir, que permetin atendre diverses necessitats espacials alhora i que promoguin el desenvolupament integral dels usuaris en els seus àmbits vitals. El model teòric, a més, suggereix equilibrar les múltiples necessitats humanes, pot ser usat en diferents contextos i té una naturalesa iterativa. La seva finalitat fonamental és comprendre la dinàmica urbana i arquitectònica i servir de marc per a propostes amb un enfocament més humanista. The objective of this paper is to build a theoretical framework to connect the multidimensional concept of quality of life with spatial disciplines like architecture and urbanism. These disciplines play a role in shaping environments to enhance or diminish the well-being of their users. The study groundwork poses that quality of life intricately relates to the satisfaction of human needs. Diverse concept proposals support this argument, including Maslow (1943), Max Neef et al. (1986), Sen (1996), and Veenhoven (2000). A theoretical framework, applicable to the analysis and design of architectural and urban spaces, emerges as the result of integrating these perspectives. The study presents a theoretical framework to analyze the quality of life in urban and architectural contexts: posing spatial needs, defining the spatial attributes to satisfy them, and proposing a taxonomy of spatial satisfiers. The model recommend that these disciplines must provide all the spatial capabilities that lead to the creation of synergistic environments, meaning that they allow several spatial needs to be met simultaneously and promote the comprehensive development of users in their living spaces. Additionally, this theoretical model suggests balancing multiple human needs, can be used in different contexts and has an iterative nature. Fundamental purpose is to understand urban and architectural dynamics and serve as a framework for proposals with a more humanistic approach. El objetivo de este trabajo es construir una estructura teórica que establezca una conexión entre la calidad de vida, como concepto multidimensional, y las disciplinas del espacio, como la arquitectura y el urbanismo. Estas disciplinas tienen la responsabilidad de crear ambientes que influyen de manera favorable o adversa en el bienestar de los usuarios cotidianos. El punto de partida del estudio es que la calidad de vida depende de la satisfacción de las necesidades humanas. El sustento de este argumento está contenido en propuestas conceptuales diversas, tales como Maslow (1943), Max Neef et al. (1986), Sen (1996) y Veenhoven (2000). La articulación de estos enfoques permite la construcción de una propuesta teórica aplicable al análisis y diseño de espacios urbanos y arquitectónicos. El estudio formula un esquema teórico sobre la calidad de vida urbana y arquitectónica que expone y define las necesidades espaciales, especifica las capacidades espaciales o atributos que las satisfacen y, plantea una taxonomía de sus satisfactores espaciales. Sostiene que estas disciplinas deben aportar todas las capacidades espaciales que conduzcan a la creación de entornos sinérgicos, es decir que permitan atender varias necesidades espaciales al mismo tiempo y que promuevan el desarrollo integral de los usuarios en sus ámbitos vitales. El modelo teórico, además, sugiere equilibrar las múltiples necesidades humanas, puede ser usado en diferentes contextos y posee una naturaleza iterativa. Su finalidad fundamental es comprender la dinámica urbana y arquitectónica y servir de marco para propuestas con un enfoque más humanista.
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