The friendship between co-workers, it promotes teamwork, communication and cooperation. Workplace friendships were associated with many positive outcomes, such as increased job satisfaction, job ...participation, job performance, team cohesion, and organizational commitment. Therefore, interaction and participation among the members of the work group is one of the most important sources of institution success.The importance of designing teamwork spaces is because work activities are no longer seen as a collection of isolated independent actions, but as a complex alliance of human behavior and environmental resources. The workspace is no longer simply the site of cooperative activity but is, in fact, an essential part of that same collaboration. Work groups in harmony and cooperation with each other increase performance and increase productivity, in terms of quantity and quality. It has emerged that the nature of cooperation is making a wide shift towards small-unplanned informal meetings and away from lengthy formal interactions, which has a great influence on the design of these spaces. The research problem lies in the extent of the impact of the interior design of the work group spaces on cooperation, participation and innovation, and the impact of this on increasing productivity and work efficiency. The research aims to define the criteria that must be applied when designing and planning work group spaces of all kinds, formal and informal. The research discusses the nature of a work group, its characteristics and types, the advantages and disadvantages resulting from the formation of these groups and their impact on productivity and work efficiency. Then discussing the characteristics of the spaces of the group and the types of spaces suitable for each group, as well as the human needs of the work group within the work environment, and the research reached methods for planning, organizing and criteria for the success of the work group spaces to achieve successful and high efficiency collective spaces. The descriptive and analytical approach were used as a criterion to confirm the role of interior design for group spaces, which increases productivity and increases work efficiency.
The consequences of insurgency, internal strife, and natural disasters force internally displaced people (IDPs) to live lives they never anticipated or desired. On this note, this study explores the ...challenges faced by IDPs in Nigeria as well as the globalisation of the Boko Haram (recognized as a terrorist organization in the Russian Federation) insurgency. The study also looks at the difficulties IDPs in Nigeria face as a result of the Boko Haram (recognized as a terrorist organization in the Russian Federation) insurgency, such as violence between Hausa and Fulani, natural and man-made disasters. Due to their affiliation with foreign terrorists, Boko Haram’s (recognized as a terrorist organization in the Russian Federation) effects are more devastating. The study adopted the human needs theory and used qualitative research methods to gather information from secondary sources including books, journal articles, news magazines, and internet sources. According to the human needs theory, it is up to the government to decide how to handle social issues. Findings indicate that the difficulties faced by internally displaced people in Nigeria, which include housing shortages, starvation, hunger, lack of access to water and electricity, and lack of sustainable occupation, portend serious threats to the nation’s human security. The study also suggests that to address the issue of start-up funds, which threatens IDPs’ economic opportunities in new environments, the government should quicken the advancement of low-interest loans for skilled IDPs. The government should also work with people and organisations to provide vocational skills. The study concludes that, doing so will help to alleviate the situation of Nigeria’s internally displaced people.
ObjectivesAt this moment, the presence of foreigners in our country is one of the important problems affecting society in Poland. The unstable situation on the eastern border with Belarus and ...numerous attempts to illegally cross the border by emigrants - refugees from, among others, Syria, Iraq or Afghanistan, are one of the very popular topics of public and media disputes or topics discussed by politicians. This topic is very important and crucial - it concerns first of all respect for human rights in relation to those people. Nevertheless, in Poland, apart from the problem of illegal foreigners, there are also citizens of other countries who reside legally in our country. Currently, it is a growing group, whose members are not citizens of our country, but they are an increasingly important part of our society. Therefore, it is worth taking up this topic and reflecting on the situation of foreigners who reside legally in Poland. The subject of this article is the issue of social security of foreigners staying in Poland. The basic research question to which this article is to answer is the question of whether foreigners legally residing in the territory of the Republic of Poland are guaranteed social security – it means if they have ability to live, survive and develop.Material and methods. The article will use the method of an interview and a survey conducted among foreigners living in our country, as well as an analysis of available documents and sources regarding the situation of foreigners in Poland.Results. The outcomes coming from the questionnaires and interviews as well as analyzes of available documents. Conclusions. The results of the research and analyzes carried out indicate that the situation of foreigners in Poland is relatively correct, but not in all areas the needs of this group are fully satisfied.
Abstract
The focus of this paper is to look at the development of the field of Applied Mechanics from past to present. With a historical perspective, we can better understand the important ...contributions and achievements that the field of Applied Mechanics has played in our society. The paper will begin by reviewing the history of Applied Mechanics over the past 400 years, followed by looking at engineering education in the 19th and 20th centuries, and then examining the evolution of Applied Mechanics in society today. We will discuss some of today's interdisciplinary developments in Applied Mechanics such as the buckling of ferromagnetic materials in strong magnetic fields, mechanics-based nanoscale measurement instruments, radio frequency microelectromical systems, biochips and nanotechnology. Finally, we will conclude by looking at Maslow's Five-level Theory of Human Needs and provide several innovative examples to further implement innovative models of Applied Mechanics research to teach more advanced knowledge in today's artificial intelligence and information technology based society.
The perception of reality is experienced through the senses, where each sense contributes to the way we form our picture of the feeling of comfort. When it comes to the perception of space and ...spatiality, the most dominant are visual and tactile influences, providing the information that outbalance other senses. A widely accepted opinion in science is that there are several main categories of comfort - visual, thermic, auditory, olfactory and hygienic. In contrast to previously mentioned terms, spatial comfort has not been clearly defined, even though it is one of the key terms when discussing human needs and functionality of space in architecture. Along with being widely used in practice and the fact that a clear scientific determination of this term is still lacking, its use is understood as the equivalent of comfort of a certain space. Our paper analyzed and systematized most significant parameters that can be applied to enable achievement of spatial comfort, which does not necessarily mean that such a spatial comfort will in fact be achieved, as this depends largely on individual perception of a space user. Aiming to clarify the term spatial comfort and determine its precise definition, the main contribution of this paper is the analysis of parameters that can contribute to spatial comfort, as well as reexamination of the thesis that spatial comfort includes the feeling of coziness and content resulting from physical, visual and tactile qualities of a certain space.
Climate policy is urgently needed to reduce emissions, but must also be evaluated in regard to its impact on human quality of life. To identify policy approaches that are able to achieve effective ...mitigation together with high levels of well-being, multiple human needs must be taken into account. To this end, we present an agent-based model that is able to describe the interaction between various economic sectors on the supply-side and individuals with heterogeneous incomes and needs on the demand-side. Individuals make choices under both income and time constraints; the latter being needed for non-market activities and time-intensive forms of consumption such as low-carbon modes of transport. The following climate policy instruments are considered: a carbon tax, permit trading, direct regulation, and investments in low-carbon infrastructure. Impacts are analyzed in regard to three different types of mitigation: avoid, shift, and improve. Results show that to achieve emission reductions together with high levels of well-being, carbon pricing is best combined with effective improvements of low-carbon infrastructure; revenue recycling should be progressive; and unnecessary abatement costs should be avoided. A comparison is provided with traditional formulations of social welfare.
•An agent-based model with multiple sectors and human needs is presented.•Carbon pricing with progressive revenue recycling can improve well-being outcomes.•Carbon pricing can be enhanced through investments in low-carbon infrastructure.•Windfall profits and unnecessary abatement costs should be avoided.•Our approach resembles traditional social welfare analysis with a CES function.
Since its inception, the scope of inquiry within modern economics has been overall reduced to the chrematistic, market-centred dimension of the economic process. This has been reflected in the very ...way it shaped the modern idea of development which, more and more, has been represented in monetary terms to the point of being equated to chrematistic growth altogether. This reductionism has been severely criticized for various reasons, mostly related to the ignorance of the complex, multidimensional, social, cultural and psychological motives and aspirations of human beings, ignoring as well crucial environmental and ecological dimensions within and by means of which the economic process unfolds. One fundamental early contribution to the re-conceptualization of the economic development process in terms of well-being from a systemic perspective came about with the Human-Scale development approach (H-SD) in the 1980s. Central to this paradigm is a systemic re-conceptualization of human needs and an attempt to place this discussion at the centre of the development debate. It suggested a recovery of the
oikonomy in its original classical meaning, as a means for achieving better well-being beyond the chrematistics narrow scope. This theory presents a very wide outlook for its theoretical and practical applications and in this paper we will try to build on H-SD's original contribution. We begin this by briefly outlining what can be termed the
chrematistic turn within both modern economics' theory and practice at the dawn of modern capitalism. In the second section the main aspects of the H-SD approach are briefly presented and discussed. The last sections are devoted to propose some methodological extensions to the original H-SD version suggesting innovative ways of enlarging its scope through the development and improvement of its evaluation tools. Thereby we hope to enhance its application within its traditional context as well as indicating means for applying it to other fields as development policies, strategies or eventually, appraisal of new technologies.
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