The aim of the present study is to locate eight comic styles in basic and broad concepts of humor, namely the temperamental basis of the sense of humor, humor appreciation, and humor creation. The ...comic styles represent individual differences in how people display humor, differentiating between fun, (benevolent) humor, nonsense, wit, irony, satire, sarcasm, and cynicism. Two samples of 234 and 223 German-speaking adults completed the Comic Style Markers, the standard self-report measure to assess the eight comic styles, as well as self-reports of cheerfulness, seriousness, and bad mood (Sample 1) or behavior tests of humor appreciation (funniness and aversiveness of incongruity-resolution, nonsense, and sexual humor) and humor creation quantity and quality (Sample 2). The results showed that the comic styles could be uniquely and meaningfully located in these basic and broad humor concepts. Specifically, the comic styles spanned the affective component of the temperamental basis of the sense of humor, from cheerfulness to bad mood. Furthermore, the findings supported the convergent validity of the nonsense and wit scales of the Comic Style Markers, as they related to behavior tests of the appreciation of nonsense humor and the quantity and quality of humor creation, respectively. This study thus contributes to the growing field of the psychology of humor by extending the nomological network of the comic styles to the general tendency to enjoy and engage in humor and by providing a behavioral validation of the Comic Style Markers.
The recently-developed Dual Self-Directed Humor Scale (DSDHS) is the first instrument for measuring individual differences between two dimensions of self-directed humor (SDH): negative (deleterious ...SDH) and positive (benign SDH). Thus far, the DSDHS has shown high validity and reliability. However, further validation of the underlying causal relationship between SDH and well-being is required. This study estimated the causal relationship between SDH and several well-being indicators via a two-wave, three-month interval, longitudinal dataset of college students (N = 453). A cross-lagged panel analysis showed that deleterious SDH predicted increased depression over time, while benign SDH predicted decreased depression and anxiety. There was also a two-way causal relationship, with anxiety decreasing benign SDH. These results enhance our understanding of the relationship between SDH and well-being.
•This study collected longitudinal data on self-directed humor (SDH) and well-being.•The analysis was performed via cross-lagged panel model.•Deleterious self-directed humor predicted an increase in depression over time.•Benign self-directed humor led to a decrease in depression and anxiety over time.
How many aqueous humor outflow pathways are there? Costagliola, Ciro; dell’Omo, Roberto; Agnifili, Luca ...
Survey of ophthalmology,
March-April 2020, 2020 Mar - Apr, 2020-03-00, 20200301, Letnik:
65, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The aqueous humor (AH) outflow pathways definition is still matter of intense debate. To date, the differentiation between conventional (trabecular meshwork) and unconventional (uveoscleral) pathways ...is widely accepted, distinguishing the different impact of the intraocular pressure on the AH outflow rate. Although the conventional route is recognized to host the main sites for intraocular pressure regulation, the unconventional pathway, with its great potential for AH resorption, seems to act as a sort of relief valve, especially when the trabecular resistance rises. Recent evidence demonstrates the presence of lymphatic channels in the eye and proposes that they may participate in the overall AH drainage and intraocular pressure regulation, in a presumably adaptive fashion. For this reason, the uveolymphatic route is increasingly thought to play an important role in the ocular hydrodynamic system physiology. As a result of the unconventional pathway characteristics, hydrodynamic disorders do not develop until the adaptive routes cannot successfully counterbalance the increased AH outflow resistance. When their adaptive mechanisms fail, glaucoma occurs. Our review deals with the standard and newly discovered AH outflow routes, with particular attention to the importance they may have in opening new therapeutic strategies in the treatment of ocular hypertension and glaucoma.
The first book to offer an integrated reading of ancient Greek attitudes to laughter. Taking material from various genres and contexts, the book analyses both the theory and the practice of laughter ...as a revealing expression of Greek values and mentalities. Greek society developed distinctive institutions for the celebration of laughter as a capacity which could bridge the gap between humans and gods; but it also feared laughter for its power to expose individuals and groups to shame and even violence. Caught between ideas of pleasure and pain, friendship and enmity, laughter became a theme of recurrent interest in various contexts. Employing a sophisticated model of cultural history, Stephen Halliwell traces elaborations of the theme in a series of important texts: ranging far beyond modern accounts of 'humour', he shows how perceptions of laughter helped to shape Greek conceptions of the body, the mind and the meaning of life.
The purpose of this research is to show the construction of the image of women in the humor weekly magazine, Hermano Lobo. Su principal promotor será Chumy Chúmez, que pretendía luchar contra el ...monopolio de la revista La Codorniz (1941 - 1978), con una publicación muy visual y ligera: gran volumen de ilustración gráfica combinado con artículos breves de calidad en un número de páginas reducido. Sin embargo, el embarazo fuera del matrimonio se representa como una situación polémica ya que las relaciones sexuales antes de casarse no son aceptadas. Como consecuencia, observamos viñetas donde la mujer desea que su embarazo sea interrumpido o intenta esconder de dónde procede (a pesar de ser una evidencia para el lector) para justificar su inocencia dentro del entorno familiar y otros círculos que no comparten esta visión de las relaciones. Hermano Lobopresenta la institución matrimonial como unión que dura para siempre basada en escenas violentas que muestran el maltrato hacia la mujer o escenas más agradables, pero que reflejan relaciones muy desgastadas donde el romanticismo no existe.
•The Dual Self-Directed Humor Scale (DSDHS) was developed.•The DSDHS assesses self-directed humor (SDH) on two dimensions.•Deleterious SDH was positively correlated with the psychosocial well-being ...index.•Benign SDH was negatively correlated with the psychosocial well-being index.•Promising evidence on the validity and reliability of the DSDHS is presented.
This article discusses the development and initial validation of the Dual Self-Directed Humor Scale (DSDHS), the first instrument to evaluate individual differences in the two dimensions of self-directed humor (SDH). The DSDHS assumes two distinct dimensions: Deleterious SDH and Benign SDH. While the former is potentially harmful to well-being, the latter is potentially beneficial. By employing 400 participants in Study 1, the validity of the two-factor model of the DSDHS was demonstrated. In Study 2, which included 446 participants, evidence for concurrent validity was shown by correlating the DSDHS with other humor measures. The construct validity was also evaluated by correlating the DSDHS with a broad range of psychosocial well-being indices. While Deleterious SDH was negatively correlated with adaptive indices (self-esteem, happiness, perceived general health, and social support) and positively correlated with maladaptive indices (trait anxiety, depression, aggression, and loneliness), the correlation pattern of Benign SDH was the opposite, thereby providing evidence for construct validity. Study 3 included 136 participants and showed a positive correlation between self- and peer-rated scores for Deleterious SDH and Benign SDH, providing evidence for the DSDHS's convergent validity. In essence, these results provide strong initial evidence for the reliability and validity of the DSDHS.
Newslore is folklore that comments on and hinges on knowledge of current events. These expressions come in many forms: jokes, urban legends, digitally altered photographs, mock news stories, press ...releases or interoffice memoranda, parodies of songs, poems, political and commercial advertisements, movie previews and posters, still or animated cartoons, and short live-action films.
InNewslore: Folklore on the Internet and in the News, author Russell Frank offers a snapshot of the items of newslore disseminated via the Internet that gained the widest currency around the turn of the millennium. Among the newsmakers lampooned in e-mails and on the Web were Bill and Hillary Clinton, George W. Bush and Dick Cheney, Osama bin Laden and Saddam Hussein, and such media celebrities as Princess Diana and Michael Jackson. The book also looks at the folk response to the September 11 attacks and Hurricane Katrina, as well as the presidential elections of 2000 and 2004.
Frank analyzes this material by tracing each item back to the news story it refers to in search of clues as to what, exactly, the item reveals about the public's response. His argument throughout is that newslore is an extremely useful and revelatory gauge for public reaction to current events and an invaluable screen capture of the latest zeitgeist.
Al-Maqqari dedica el capítulo VII de su Nafli al-tib a mostrar la agudeza y el ingenio de los habitantes de al-Andalus. Para ello recoge numerosas anécdotas que prueban la rapidez en la ...improvisación, la capacidad para dar respuestas que callan al adversario (al-aywiba al-muskitá), y un sentido del humor, a veces procaz y obsceno, que les consolaban de los afanes cotidianos, especialmente la amenaza continua de los reinos del norte. En este artículo, se analizan y exponen algunas de estas anécdotas y poemas, limitándome a aquellas que al-Maqqari considera ejemplos de muyun, o cuyos protagonistas se describen como muyyan (libertinos, licenciosos).
Considero muy acertada la decisión de incorporar, procedente de los Poemas dispersos, el poemetto narrativo La hipótesis, publicado en 1910, que Gozzano no incluyó en Los Coloquios, pues ...independientemente de ser, como el mismo poeta dice, "preludio" de la Signorina Felícita, y de resultarle "intolerables" sus versos polimétricos, su contenido constituye, sin embargo, una manifestación perfecta de la dialéctica entre emoción e ironía, rasgo esencial caracterizador de la poesía de Gozzano, como Muñoz Rivas explica a lo largo de su esclarecedora introducción, y porque el poemetto además incluye en sus versos finales una muestra acabada del humor desacralizador de Gozzano respecto de la alta literatura, aquí su dantismo paródico en el controcanto dedicado al Ulises del Infierno dantesco. El poema así mismo es también una muestra de la compleja relación de Gozzano con la literatura pues paradójicamente, a pesar de su tratamiento irónico, es en el espacio de la literatura donde todavía tiene cabida el amor en el tiempo que le ha tocado vivir al poeta. El autor, sin embargo, insiste acertadamente, a mi modo de ver, en que las razones de la poética de Gozzano son mucho más complejas que las de la poesía crepuscular; son las razones de un poeta altamente consciente de su maestría literaria, consciente de su «trabajo creativo como única alternativa digna del ser humano», que busca su identidad poética instrumentalizando a su favor los materiales y las formas de la tradición, tanto italiana (no solo de Pascoli y D'Annunzio sino también de Dante, Petrarca y Leopardi), como europea (Baudelaire, Francis Jammes), a la vez que resalta el valor y la función de las opciones métricas que realiza Gozzano. A diferencia de los crepusculares, que abrazan el verso libre, Gozzano es conservador en este aspecto, pero la métrica tradicional en él es asumida, sin embargo, con tal actitud paródica e ironía que el resultado obtenido, sobre todo en Los Coloquios, posee una carga subversiva, respecto de la literatura de su momento y del referente histórico en el que se inserta, tanto o más destructiva que la de las vanguardias oficiales del primer Novecento.
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