Touching on issues of power, authority, and domination,Manhuntstakes an in-depth look at the hunting of humans in the West, from ancient Sparta, through the Middle Ages, to the modern practices of ...chasing undocumented migrants. Incorporating historical events and philosophical reflection, Grégoire Chamayou examines the systematic and organized search for individuals and small groups on the run because they have defied authority, committed crimes, seemed dangerous simply for existing, or been categorized as subhuman or dispensable.
Chamayou begins in ancient Greece, where young Spartans hunted and killed Helots (Sparta's serfs) as an initiation rite, and where Aristotle and other philosophers helped to justify raids to capture and enslave foreigners by creating the concept of natural slaves. He discusses the hunt for heretics in the Middle Ages; New World natives in the early modern period; vagrants, Jews, criminals, and runaway slaves in other eras; and illegal immigrants today. Exploring evolving ideas about the human and the subhuman, what we owe to enemies and people on the margins of society, and the supposed legitimacy of domination, Chamayou shows that the hunting of humans should not be treated ahistorically, and that manhunting has varied as widely in its justifications and aims as in its practices. He investigates the psychology of manhunting, noting that many people, from bounty hunters to Balzac, have written about the thrill of hunting when the prey is equally intelligent and cunning.
An unconventional history on an unconventional subject,Manhuntsis an in-depth consideration of the dynamics of an age-old form of violence.
Our aim is to present occurrences of bifacial projectile points in the state of Rio de Janeiro, more precisely in the Middle Valley of the Paraiba do Sul River. Throughout the work, we present the ...contexts for identifying these materials and their technological characteristics based on diacritic analysis. Next, we discuss the possibilities of affiliation of the points demonstrated with those generally associated with the Umbu Tradition and with those recently defined as belonging to the Rioclarense industry in Sao Paulo. As our sample is still small, the cultural relationship (or not) of our objects and sites with the Rioclarense industry could not be deepened. However, from this contribution it is possible for the first time to affirm that Rio de Janeiro was also the territory of hunter-gatherer groups and that there is within this small sample some technological variability. KEYWORDS Hunter-gatherers, Projectile points, Lithic technology, Diacritic analysis. O objetivo deste artigo e apresentar as ocorrencias de pontas de projeteis bifaciais no estado do Rio de Janeiro, mais precisamente no Medio Vale do rio Paraiba do Sul. Ao longo do trabalho apresentamos os contextos de identificacao desses materiais e suas caracteristicas tecnologicas a partir de analises diacriticas. Na sequencia, discutimos as possibilidades de filiacao das pontas analisadas com aquelas geralmente associadas com a Tradicao Umbu e com aquelas recentemente definidas como pertencentes a industria Rioclarense em Sao Paulo. Por ser nossa amostra ainda pequena, a relacao cultural (ou nao) de nossos objetos e sitios com industria Rioclarense nao pode ser aprofundada. Contudo, a partir desta contribuicao e possivel, pela primeira vez, afirmar que o Rio de Janeiro foi tambem territorio de grupos cacadores-coletores e que ha, dentro dessa pequena amostra, indicios de variabilidade tecnologica. PALAVRAS-CHAVE Cacadores-coletores, Pontas de projeteis, Tecnologia litica, Analise diacritica.
Los leporidos (liebres y conejos) son animales de acusada importancia historica para la humanidad, con ricas significaciones en las culturas de Oriente y Occidente. El objetivo de este articulo es ...estudiar una de las facetas culturales mas relevantes de los leporidos: su rol folclorico y literario como tramposos o tricksters, desplegado en distintos tiempos y paises, en una travesia en la que se prestara especial atencion a la literatura, cultura e historia hispanicas. Este itinerario, que pasa por el Panchatantra y sus descendientes, por la historia natural grecolatina y renacentista y por los cuentos de Tio Conejo, finaliza con la formulacion de una propuesta, afin a las premisas de los estudios de animales, que pretende responder a la cuestion de por que se ha designado con cierta preferencia a los leporidos como tricksters en las culturas y literaturas de buena parte del planeta. Palabras clave: fabula; conejo; liebre; estudios animales; historia natural; trickster. Leporidae (hares and rabbits) are animals of marked historical importance for humanity, with rich meanings in the cultures of the East and West. The objective of this article is to study one of the most relevant cultural facets of the leporids: their folkloric and literary role as tricksters, played in different times and countries, in a journey in which we will devote special attention to Hispanic literature, culture and history. This itinerary, which goes through the Panchatantra and its descendants, graeco-latin and Renaissance natural history and the tales of Tio Conejo, ends with the formulation of a proposal, consistent with the premises of Animal Studies, which aims to answer the question of why leporids have been designated with a certain preference as tricksters in the cultures and literatures of a good part of the world. Key words: Fable; rabbit; hare; Animal Studies; natural history; trickster.
InThe Hadza, Frank Marlowe provides a quantitative ethnography of one of the last remaining societies of hunter-gatherers in the world. The Hadza, who inhabit an area of East Africa near the ...Serengeti and Olduvai Gorge, have long drawn the attention of anthropologists and archaeologists for maintaining a foraging lifestyle in a region that is key to understanding human origins. Marlowe ably applies his years of research with the Hadza to cover the traditional topics in ethnography-subsistence, material culture, religion, and social structure. But the book's unique contribution is to introduce readers to the more contemporary field of behavioral ecology, which attempts to understand human behavior from an evolutionary perspective. To that end,The Hadzaalso articulates the necessary background for readers whose exposure to human evolutionary theory is minimal.
Marke als Lochgucker Fritsch-Rössler, Waltraud
Zeitschrift für deutsches Altertum und deutsche Literatur,
10/2021, Letnik:
150, Številka:
4
Journal Article
At the place known as Head-Smashed-In in southwestern Alberta, Aboriginal people practiced a form of group hunting for nearly 6,000 years before European contact. The large communal bison traps of ...the Plains were the single greatest food-getting method ever developed in human history. Hunters, working with their knowledge of the land and of buffalo behaviour, drove their quarry over a cliff and into wooden corrals. The rest of the group butchered the kill in the camp below. Author Jack Brink, who devoted 25 years of his career to “The Jump,” has chronicled the cunning, danger, and triumph in the mass buffalo hunts and the culture they supported. He also recounts the excavation of the site and the development of the Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump Interpretive Centre, which has hosted 2 million visitors since it opened in 1987. Brink’s masterful blend of scholarship and public appeal is rare in any discipline, but especially in North American pre-contact archaeology. Brink attests, “I love the story that lies behind the jump—the events and planning that went into making the whole event work. I continue to learn more about the complex interaction between people, bison and the environment, and I continue to be impressed with how the ancient hunters pulled off these astonishing kills.”
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