The world is currently facing a power shortage due to the inadequacy of conventional energy sources and increased energy requirements in almost all sectors of human life. To mitigate this issue, the ...researchers have taken the considerable interest of researchers over the past decade in enhancing energy efficiency and viability. A hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) can efficiently produce clean energy to meet energy demand. Thus, it is extensively employed to improve power system quality, reliability, and economy, rather than solely relying on non-renewable energy sources. Nevertheless, RE sources' uncertain and intermittent nature, like wind speed and solar radiation, is associated with HRES. This problem can be solved with proper optimization by coupling HRES with energy conversion and storage devices, e.g., electrolyzer, fuel cell, and hydrogen tank, which can admirably balance power generation and energy demand. The literature is rich in employing optimization techniques on HRES with hydrogen technologies (HRES-H2). However, a gap is found in the overall research progress of optimization approaches, considering HRES coupled with H2 equipment. Therefore, the current study comprehensively reviews all the optimization approaches applied in this field worldwide. Further, a text mining-based software VOSviewer is used to investigate the scientific landscape of the literature body to figure out the current trends and future scope of HRES-H2. It has been investigated that the researchers are focusing on: techno-economic optimization of HRES-H2, developing sophisticated hydrogen infrastructure to reduce the overall cost of hydrogen fuel, introducing AI-based multi-objective optimization techniques to make the HRES-H2 system more reliable and economically viable, and the impact of renewable and hydrogen technologies on the reduction of global warming. Lastly, an insightful of the current review highlighting the present shortcomings and opportunities of clean energy and hydrogen has been discussed, and suggestions are provided.
•A text mining-based software called VOSviewer has been adopted to analyze the scientific landscape of the literature body.•Critically reviewed existing optimization techniques and software tools utilized for the optimization of HRES-H2.•Bibliometric analysis has been conducted to investigate the current trends and potential future research topics.•An insightful discussion has presented enlightening shortcomings and opportunities of clean energy and hydrogen globally.
With the significant development of renewable energy sources in recent years, integrating energy storage systems within a renewable energy microgrid is getting more attention as a promising future ...hybrid energy system configuration. Recently, hydrogen systems are being considered a promising energy storage option that utilised electrolysers to produce and store hydrogen when energy is surplus and re-supply it into microgrids using fuel cells in energy shortage scenarios. To control the energy flow within such hybrid energy systems, designing an energy management system should be considered a critical task, that allows the technical and economic optimal operation of microgrids. This study presents a comprehensive review and analysis of different energy management systems for hydrogen technologies-based microgrids, including the strategies’ objectives, constraints and techniques as well as the optimisation methods and simulation tools. In addition, an insightful discussion of the existing challenges and suggestions for the future research direction has been given.
•Reviewed current energy management techniques in hydrogen-based microgrids.•Discuss the challenges and future of the energy management system research topic.•Survey experimental platforms, including simulation software and practical systems.
•Presenting a hierarchical framework for managing energy markets of modern MESs.•Presenting a structure for the hydrogen exchange through the transportation system.•Introducing a novel deep ...learning-based mechanism to design dynamic DR schemes.•Enhancing technical and economic aspects of MES by modifying the behavior of EVs and FCVs.•Managing the scheduling risk using a and a risk-averse IGDT-based strategy.
The integrated exploitation of different energy infrastructures in the form of multi-energy systems (MESs) and the transformation of traditional prosumers into smart prosumers are two effective pathways to achieve net-zero emission energy systems in the near future. Managing different energy markets is one of the biggest challenges for the operators of MESs, since different carriers are traded in them simultaneously. Hence, this paper presents a hierarchical decentralized framework for the simultaneous management of electricity, heat and hydrogen markets among multi-energy microgrids (MEMGs) integrated with smart prosumers. The market strategy of MEMGs is deployed using a hierarchical framework and considering the programs requested by smart prosumers. A deep learning-based forecaster is utilized to predict uncertain parameters while a risk-averse information gap decision theory (IGDT)-based strategy controls the scheduling risk. A new prediction-based mechanism for designing dynamic demand response (DR) schemes compatible with smart prosumers’ behavior is introduced, and the results illustrate that this mechanism reduces the electricity and heat clearing prices in peak hours by 17.5% and 8.78%, respectively. Moreover, the results reveal that the introduced structure for hydrogen exchange through the transportation system has the ability to be implemented in competitive markets. Overall, the simulation results confirm that the proposed hierarchical model is able to optimally manage the competitive markets of electricity, heat and hydrogen by taking advantage of the potential of smart prosumers.
In recent years, there has been considerable interest in the development of zero-emissions, sustainable energy systems utilising the potential of hydrogen energy technologies. However, the improper ...long-term economic assessment of costs and consequences of such hydrogen-based renewable energy systems has hindered the transition to the so-called hydrogen economy in many cases. One of the main reasons for this is the inefficiency of the optimization techniques employed to estimate the whole-life costs of such systems. Owing to the highly nonlinear and non-convex nature of the life-cycle cost optimization problems of sustainable energy systems using hydrogen as an energy carrier, meta-heuristic optimization techniques must be utilised to solve them. To this end, using a specifically developed artificial intelligence-based micro-grid capacity planning method, this paper examines the performances of twenty meta-heuristics in solving the optimal design problems of three conceptualised hydrogen-based micro-grids, as test-case systems. Accordingly, the obtained numeric simulation results using MATLAB indicate that some of the newly introduced meta-heuristics can play a key role in facilitating the successful, cost-effective development and implementation of hydrogen supply chain models. Notably, the moth-flame optimization algorithm is found capable of reducing the life-cycle costs of micro-grids by up to 6.5% as compared to the dragonfly algorithm.
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•A metaheuristic-driven model is proposed to optimally design H2-based microgrids.•An energy management strategy is used to facilitate the uptake of fuel cell vehicles.•The performances of twenty metaheuristics are studied in terms of solution quality.•The moth-flame optimizer outperforms the well-respected algorithms in this area.•Levelized costs of electricity and H2 are found to be well below the present rates.
•Without climate policy, small storage/H2 costs enable smaller power sector emissions.•With climate policy, small storage/H2 costs reduce long-term mitigation costs.•Large-scale deployment of ...electricity storage only occurs when costs are small.•With large storage/H2 costs, large wind and solar PV shares can still be supported.
Previous studies have noted the importance of electricity storage and hydrogen technologies for enabling large-scale variable renewable energy (VRE) deployment in long-term climate change mitigation scenarios. However, global studies, which typically use integrated assessment models, assume a fixed cost trajectory for storage and hydrogen technologies; thereby ignoring the sensitivity of VRE deployment and/or mitigation costs to uncertainties in future storage and hydrogen technology costs. Yet there is vast uncertainty in the future costs of these technologies, as reflected in the range of projected costs in the literature. This study uses the integrated assessment model, MESSAGE, to explore the implications of future storage and hydrogen technology costs for low-carbon energy transitions across the reported range of projected technology costs. Techno-economic representations of electricity storage and hydrogen technologies, including utility-scale batteries, pumped hydro storage (PHS), compressed air energy storage (CAES), and hydrogen electrolysis, are introduced to MESSAGE and scenarios are used to assess the sensitivity of long-term VRE deployment and mitigation costs across the range of projected technology costs. The results demonstrate that large-scale deployment of electricity storage technologies only occurs when techno-economic assumptions are optimistic. Although pessimistic storage and hydrogen costs reduce the deployment of these technologies, large VRE shares are supported in carbon-constrained futures by the deployment of other low-carbon flexible technologies, such as hydrogen combustion turbines and concentrating solar power with thermal storage. However, the cost of the required energy transition is larger. In the absence of carbon policy, pessimistic hydrogen and storage costs significantly decrease VRE deployment while increasing coal-based electricity generation. Thus, R&D investments that lower the costs of storage and hydrogen technologies are important for reducing emissions in the absence of climate policy and for reducing mitigation costs in the presence of climate policy.
The global climate and environmental crisis dictate the need for the development and implementation of environmentally friendly and efficient technical solutions, for example, generation based on ...renewable energy sources. However, the annually increasing demand for electricity (according to the forecasts of the U.S. Energy Information Administration, the amount of energy consumed for the period 2006–2030 will increase by 44 %) cannot be fully provided by alternative energy. The main reason is not so much the high cost of these technologies, like unstable power generation, which determines the need for an additional reserve of regulated power.
The solution to this problem can be the combined use of generation based on renewable energy sources with energy storage units of large capacity. Currently, a promising direction is the use of excess electricity for the production of hydrogen and its further accumulation in hydrogen storage. In this case an additional energy can be generated using industrial fuel cells (electrochemical generators) to compensate for the power shortage.
At the same time, the distinctive advantage of hydrogen energy storage systems lies in the ability to accumulate a large amount of energy for long periods of time. This fact makes it possible to increase the reliability of the functioning of the electric power system, to provide power supply with a sufficiently long interruption (in case of faults) or allocation for isolated operation.
With an increase in the unit capacity and the share of renewable generation in the total installed capacity, researches that aimed to systematic analysis of the impact of the implemented generation unit and the energy storage system on the parameters of the mode of the electric power system become more relevant. There are a number of tasks can be noted related to determining the optimal location and size of the generation unit and energy storage systems being implemented in terms of reducing power losses and maintaining an appropriate voltage level in the nodes of the electric power system. In this article, a variant of solving the optimization task for a typical 15-bus IEEE scheme is presented by means of software calculation using the bubble sorting method. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were solved: the objective function, which indicates the optimal location and size of the generation unit, and constraints, for example, the available deviation of voltage level, were formed; the software implementation of the algorithm for calculating power flows and power losses using the bubble sorting method was carried out. The results of the work of the program code for two scenarios are presented: for instance, installation of one renewable generation unit with a different range of possible capacities, and are compared with the data obtained in the MATLAB/Simulink software package.
The purpose of the present work is to design an extended decision support system (DSS), namely the CRITIC (combining criteria interaction through inter-criteria correlation) & CRADIS (compromise ...ranking of alternatives from distance to ideal solution) model under the single-valued neutrosophic set. Its notable advantages are that it renders a more robust expression of uncertainty and the decision-making process is more closely managed. Also, it allows the DM to evaluate on a broader area and avoid data and conflict among the decision-making team. Therefore, the proposed extended DSS is implemented to help the strategic decision on the hydrogen technologies prioritization for decarbonization considering the sustainability and reliability principles in the oil refining industry. The results indicate that the alternative of green hydrogen from low-temperature electrolysis using solar renewable energy is the most suitable scenario for the decarbonization in the oil refineries located in south Iran, in particular the Abadan's oil refinery.
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•An energy transition for the oil refining industry is defined.•A DSS (the CRITIC and CRADIS model) under single-valued neutrosophic set is implemented.•Decision-making criteria are sustainability and reliability principles.•For the decarbonization, five alternatives are introduced.•Solar renewable energy with the average deviation of 0.9180 is selected.
In the pursuit of sustainable energy solutions, the integration of renewable energy sources and hydrogen technologies has emerged as a promising avenue. This paper introduces the Integrated Renewable ...Energy-Driven Hydrogen System as a holistic approach to achieve energy independence and self-sufficiency. Seamlessly integrating renewable energy sources, hydrogen production, storage, and utilization, this system enables diverse applications across various sectors. By harnessing solar and/or wind energy, the Integrated Renewable Energy-Driven Hydrogen System optimizes energy generation, distribution, and storage. Employing a systematic methodology, the paper thoroughly examines the advantages of this integrated system over other alternatives, emphasizing its zero greenhouse gas emissions, versatility, energy resilience, and potential for large-scale hydrogen production. Thus, the proposed system sets our study apart, offering a distinct and efficient alternative compared to conventional approaches. Recent advancements and challenges in hydrogen energy are also discussed, highlighting increasing public awareness and technological progress. Findings reveal a payback period ranging from 2.8 to 6.7 years, depending on the renewable energy configuration, emphasizing the economic attractiveness and potential return on investment. This research significantly contributes to the ongoing discourse on renewable energy integration and underscores the viability of the Integrated Renewable Energy-Driven Hydrogen System as a transformative solution for achieving energy independence. The employed model is innovative and transferable to other contexts.
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•Integrating renewable energy and hydrogen for energy independence.•Advantages of Integrated Renewable Energy-Driven Hydrogen System: Zero emissions, resilient energy.•Economic viability: Payback period of 2.8–6.7 years.•Technological progress in hydrogen energy.•A novel and transferable system dynamics model for sustainable solutions is proposed.
Traditionally, the determination of static load characteristics is one of the main stages in the preparation of a design model of an electric power system. It is especially important to correctly ...take into account energy-intensive industries, which make a huge contribution to the formation of these characteristics. In particular, the increased interest in hydrogen technologies observed in the world as one of the most promising high-tech areas of energy development, and an increase in the share of the installed capacity of generation units based on renewable energy sources determine the prospects for the development of hydrogen production by water electrolysis. Accordingly, a significant increase in the scale of application of hydrogen technologies, in particular, in accordance with the “Hydrogen Strategy for Climatically Neutral Europe”, the European Commission for the production of “green” hydrogen, determines the task of forming correct mathematical models of these devices in terms planning of modes, analyzing their impact on the parameters of electric power systems. Determination of static load characteristics on the basis of a physical experiment will not allow obtaining a characteristic with a significant increase or decrease in voltage in the node of the electric power system, which occur only in emergency modes of operation of the power system. Therefore, it seems relevant to analyze and determine the electrical characteristics of consumers by mathematical modeling of the power circuit. This article presents the results of correcting the static load characteristic of a high-power electrolyzer used in the production of hydrogen. The analysis of these results obtained with the MATLAB software is carried out using least squares regression to procure polynomial functions of the static load characteristics. According to this analysis, the static characteristics of the considered electrolyzer, being close to linear within the control range, outside the control range acquire parabolic dependences of active and reactive power on voltage. The static load characteristics of the installation are determined by the parameters of the power circuit and the current-voltage characteristic of the rectifiers displacing the vertices of the parabolas from the origin, which should be taken into account to increase the reliability of the design scheme.
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