This paper examines the spatial distribution of frequency of flash floods along with their seasonal distribution. The spatio-temporal analysis of past flash flooding covered 124 flash floods ...affecting areas of Slovenia between 1550 and 2015. Flash floods are most common in the mountainous and hilly area of northern Slovenia, which consists of alpine and a large part of subalpine landscapes. Autumnal flash floods occur across most of the country, while summer flash floods are seen mainly in the east. In most parts of the country autumnal flash floods predominate.
Se realizó un análisis de la cuenca del río Tirgua ubicada en la cordillera de la Costa, combinando los enfoques hidrogeográfico y de paisajes hidrológicos. Se partió de la estimación automatizada de ...descriptores geomorfométricos de forma, relieve y drenaje de las distintas subcuencas, los cuales fueron sometidos a un análisis estadístico para lograr su diferenciación espacial. Utilizando métodos de interpolación espacial, se estudió el comportamiento de la precipitación, temperatura y la evapotranspiración (ETP); se estimaron los caudales de las subcuencas por medio de un método indirecto y se hizo un análisis espacial de las tipologías de uso de la tierra en relación con la dinámica hidrológica. El Análisis de Componentes Principales (ACP) permitió una diferenciación intrínseca de cuatro grupos de subcuencas, explicada mayormente por parámetros de forma y de relieve. Por su parte, la respuesta hidrológica de las subcuencas es mayormente explicada por su ubicación relativa dentro de la cuenca, el relieve y la dinámica interna de los elementos del clima. La combinación de ambos enfoques resultó de gran utilidad en el estudio de cuencas con escasez de datos sistemáticos.
The paper describes the latest results of geographic and geophysical investigations at the site of Tell Basta, the ancient city Bubastis, in the south-eastern Nile Delta. Given the obvious impact of ...the local geomorphology and hydrogeography on the evolution of the city the addition of such methods to the ongoing archaeological studies at the site is all the more important. Special emphasis lies on the analysis of remote sensing imagery and historic cartographic information, provided by the maps of early travellers in order to generate information about the northwestern part of the tell which is nowadays completely overbuild and not accessible anymore for further archaeological research.
The evolutionary importance of hybridization in animals has been subject of much debate. In this study, we examined the influence of hydrogeographic history and hybridization on the present ...distribution of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA variation in two pupfish species, Cyprinodon atrorus and Cyprinodon bifasciatus. Results presented here indicate that there has been limited introgression of nuclear genes; however, mtDNA introgression has been substantial, with complete replacement of the C. bifasciatus mitochondrial genome by that of C. atrorus. Subsequent to this replacement, there has been diversification of mitochondrial haplotypes along major geographic regions in the basin. Evidence was also found that mitochondrial replacement follows a predictable, cyclical pattern in this system, with isolation and diversification followed by re‐contact and replacement of C. bifasciatus mitochondrial haplotypes by those of C. atrorus. This pattern is best explained by a combination of a numeric bias towards C. atrorus and mating site selection rather than selection for C. atrorus mitochondrial genome. These results demonstrate the important role hybridization can play in evolution.
The concept of connectivity, especially hydrological connectivity, is used in Earth and environmental sciences as a term and as a conceptual framework for addressing spatial and temporal variability ...in runoff and sediment transport. Hydrological connectivity can be defined as the transfer of water and sediment through a fluvial system or a dynamic linkage between surface and subsurface waters flowing through a landscape. Five forms of hydrological connectivity may be distinguished: stream-hillslope connectivity, river-floodplain connectivity, stream-lake connectivity, longitudinal or upstream-downstream connectivity, and stream-groundwater connectivity. All of them are interconnected. Hydrological connections are not only unidirectional but cover multiple dimensions and operate across different temporal scales. As a framework, connectivity is useful for understanding spatial variations in runoff. //
Pojem povezljivosti, zlasti hidrološke povezljivosti, se v vedah o Zemlji in okolju uporablja kot strokovni izraz in kot konceptualni okvir za obravnavo prostorske ter časovne spremenljivosti v pretoku vode in prenosu gradiva. Hidrološko povezljivost lahko opredelimo kot prenašanje vode in sedimentov skozi rečni sistem ali kot dinamično povezavo med nadzemnimi in podzemnimi vodami, ki tečejo skozi pokrajino. Razlikujemo lahko pet oblik hidrološke povezljivosti: povezljivost med vodotokom in pobočjem, povezljivost med vodotokom in njegovim poplavnim območjem, povezljivost med vodotokom in jezerom, vzdolžno povezljivost med vodotokovim povirnim in izlivnim delom ter povezljivost med vodotokom in podzemno vodo. Vse so med sabo povezane. Vodne povezave niso samo enosmerne, ampak imajo več razsežnosti glede na prostor in čas. Kot okvir je povezljivost koristna za razumevanje prostorskih razlik pri odtoku.
This paper uses ideas developed by Ian McNiven in his analysis of ethnographic and archeological data for indigenous relationships with the sea in northeastern Australia, in combination with regional ...New England ethnographic and archeological scholarship to offer an alternative way to think about indigenous culture in Massachusetts as wet and dry aspects of indigenous homelands within a hydrogeographic perspective using fresh and saltwater drainages. This way to think is based on local people’s accumulated knowledge that conceptualizes water and landscapes as animated seascapes and spiritscapes of a homeland, incorporating cognitive aspects of navigation and watercraft construction and use.
U radu se daje pregled metodologije i rezultata dosadašnjih istraživanja promjena režima protoka rijeka u Njemačkoj, Švicarskoj, Austriji i Sloveniji. Nakon toga prikazani su rezultati analize ...promjene protočnih režima na rijekama u hrvatskom dijelu poriječja Dunava uspoređujući standardno tridesetogodišnje razdoblje (1961. – 1990.) i posljednje tridesetogodišnje razdoblje (1980. – 2009.). Za analizu su upotrijebljeni modulni (Pardeovi)
koeficijenti dobiveni na temelju srednjih godišnjih odnosno mjesečnih vrijednosti protoka na dvanaest hidroloških postaja na jedanaest tekućica. Uz modulne koeficijente upotrijebljena je statistička metoda Kendall-Theil za analizu trenda na godišnjoj razini te po tromjesečjima (godišnjim dobima). Rezultati upućuju na promjene protočnih režima na svim tekućicama u hrvatskom dijelu poriječja Dunava. One se očituju kroz redistribuciju protoka unutar godine, povećanje jesenskih i zimskih te smanjenje ljetnih protoka te pomake u mjesecu javljanja maksimuma i minimuma. U većini slučajeva promjene se mogu objasniti promjenama padalinskog režima, ali je za detaljnije rezultate potrebno provesti istraživanja na razini poriječja.
This overview of the hydrogeographical characteristics of the Slovenian water balance 1971-2000 reviews three main water cycle elements: precipitation, evapotranspiration and runoff. Results show ...their spatial distribution and strong interdependency in by main river basins of Slovenia. Greatest amounts of water are in the Soca river basin and the smallest in the Slovenian part of the Mura river basin. Average yearly quantities of water in Slovenia for the period 1971-2000 are: precipitation 1579 mm, evapotranspiration 717 mm and runoff 862 mm. Compared with the water quantities data of 1961-1990 period, the precipitation is in same rank, the evapotranspiration increased and the runoff decreased. Despite being a "wet" country by world standards, available water resources in Slovenia are declining.
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