What is the heritage of our cities? Which are the monuments, places, and spaces in which it accumulates, and by which practices is it formed, handed down, appropriated? Gerhard Vinken takes the ...readers to twelve cities on three continents and analyses the diverse and contradictory heritage formations that have had a lasting impact on urban life. The vitality of urban heritage, as these vivid and in-depth case studies show, lies in the dynamic and often conflictual processes of social appropriation and interpretation. Covering a diverse range of themes, the book familiarizes the reader with important questions and theories in urban research and heritage studies.
•Five different identification methods (FDD, OKID, SSI, SRIM, ARX) are performed to extract structural modal features.•A quantitative, ranking-based collocation framework is pursued to merge ...different algorithm findings and reduce method-specific modal identification uncertainties with quantified confidence on the outranking method.•The framework is verified with a numerical example and applied on two realistic testbeds, one large-scale shaking table test of a reinforced concrete bridge and another steel pedestrian bridge.•The applications demonstrate improved identification results, including damage and no damage cases in terms of true positives and true negatives.
This paper presents multiple system identification of large-scale bridge structures proposing the combined usage of different modal parameter findings, namely from Frequency Domain Decomposition, Observer Kalman Filter Identification/Eigensystem Realization Algorithm, Combined Deterministic Stochastic Subspace Identification, System Realization Using Information Matrix, and Autoregressive Exogenous Model. A method-centric democratic ranking approach visualizes and quantifies the harmony among different system identification methods in terms of modal parameters, then ranks them based on the correlation among each other, and consequently complies with the highest rank modal parameter outputs. The synergistic scheme is applied on a numerical beam and two bridge structures including one healthy and another subjected to progressive damage. Looking at the top-rank selections, one can see that outlier identification results from a population of modal parameters can intuitively become extinct. The collaboration among methods is dependent on the chosen methods; therefore, method selection relies on care and fair representation of the identification features. Lack of agreement between methods can indicate low confidence in the outranking method and is quantified by median absolute deviation. Nevertheless, the majority of the algorithm population agrees on specific results, which are valuable to produce state knowledge despite low signal to noise ratio, especially without the presence of a reference. Thus, the collaborative usage of multiple methods in a systematic and ranking-based manner reduces significant error and outlier possibilities in modal identification due to algorithm-related issues, which is the novel contribution of this study.
•There have been very few researches on unscented Kalman filter with unknown input.•A novel UKF-UI is proposed for recursive state-input-system identification of nonlinear systems.•The proposed UKF ...is derived analogously to the procedures of the conventional UKF.•Data fusion of partially measured accelerations and displacements is used to prevent the drifts in identification.•Such a presented analytical solution of UKF-UI is not available in previous literatures.
The unscented Kalman filter (UKF) has proven to be an effective approach for the identification of nonlinear systems from limited output measurements. However, the conventional UKF requires that measurements of the input excitations are available to successfully perform nonlinear system identification, which limits its application in cases where it is difficult or impractical to measure the inputs. In this paper a novel unscented Kalman filter with unknown input (UKF-UI) is proposed for the simultaneous identification of nonlinear structural systems and external excitations. Based on the estimation-based procedures of the conventional UKF, the analytical recursive solutions of the proposed UKF-UI are derived in an analogous fashion resulting in a recursive nonlinear least-squares problem for the unknown input. Moreover, data fusion of partially measured acceleration and displacement responses is used to alleviate the drifts typically observed in the estimated inputs and displacements. Numerical and experimental validation examples are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed UKF-UI algorithm for the simultaneous identification of nonlinear parameters and unknown external excitations using data fusion of partially measured system responses.
Intellectual disability is usually thought of as a form of internal, individual affliction, little different from diabetes, paralysis or chronic illness. This study, the first book-length application ...of discursive psychology to intellectual disability, shows that what we usually understand as being an individual problem is actually an interactional, or social, product. Through a range of case studies, which draw upon ethnomethodological and conversation analytic scholarship, the book shows how persons categorized as 'intellectually disabled' are produced, as such, in and through their moment-by-moment interaction with care staff and other professionals. Mark Rapley extends and reformulates current work in disability studies and offers a reconceptualisation of intellectual disability as both a professionally ascribed diagnostic category and an accomplished - and contested - social identity. Importantly, the book is grounded in data drawn from naturally-occurring, rather than professionally orchestrated, social interaction.
Approximately 75 percent of all fungi that have been described to date belong to the phylum Ascomycota. They are usually referred to as Ascomycetes and are commonly found and collected by mushroom ...enthusiasts. Ascomycetes exhibit a remarkable range of biodiversity, are beautiful and visually complex, and some, including morels and truffles, are highly prized for their edibility. Many play significant roles in plant ecology because of the mycorrhizal associations that they form. Thus it is remarkable that no book dedicated to describing and illustrating the North American Ascomycetes has been published in over sixty years. Filling the gap between technical publications and the limited representation of Ascomycetes in general mushroom field guides, Ascomycete Fungi of North America is a scientifically accurate work dedicated to this significant group of fungi. Because it is impossible to describe and illustrate the tens of thousands of species that occur in North America, the authors focus on species found in the continental United States and Canada that are large enough to be readily noticeable to mycologists, naturalists, photographers, and mushroom hunters. They provide 843 color photographs and more than 600 described species, many of which are illustrated in color for the first time. While emphasizing macroscopic field identification characteristics for a general audience, the authors also include microscopic and other advanced information useful to students and professional mycologists. In addition, a color key to the species described in this book offers a visual guide to assist in the identification process.
Filtering and system identification are powerful techniques for building models of complex systems. This 2007 book discusses the design of reliable numerical methods to retrieve missing information ...in models derived using these techniques. Emphasis is on the least squares approach as applied to the linear state-space model, and problems of increasing complexity are analyzed and solved within this framework, starting with the Kalman filter and concluding with the estimation of a full model, noise statistics and state estimator directly from the data. Key background topics, including linear matrix algebra and linear system theory, are covered, followed by different estimation and identification methods in the state-space model. With end-of-chapter exercises, MATLAB simulations and numerous illustrations, this book will appeal to graduate students and researchers in electrical, mechanical and aerospace engineering. It is also useful for practitioners. Additional resources for this title, including solutions for instructors, are available online at www.cambridge.org/9780521875127.
•Robust output-only modal analysis method for civil engineering structures is proposed.•New system model is derived to combine SOBI with SSI-COV in theory.•The method can simplify the modes ...discrimination procedure and show high accuracy.•The method is validated by a simulated 8-DOF system.•The method is successfully applied to the HCT building and the Longyangxia dam.
Output-only modal identification has been attracting increasing research efforts in civil engineering community. The aim of this study was to develop a robust output-only modal identification methodology to improve the performance of the existing methods. The proposed method combines the second-order blind identification (SOBI) with the covariance driven stochastic subspace identification (SSI-COV) by introducing a new system model. Instead of employing single degree-of-freedom fitting methods to obtain local modal information of each mode like it usually does in SOBI, modal responses identified by SOBI are regarded as the output of a system to form the block Toeplitz matrix of the SSI-COV. More accurate global modal parameters are expected to be obtained since a parametric system model is included and the contributions of different modes are considered. It is also easy to select physical modes based on the time and frequency characteristics of source signals and thus can avoid the ambiguous work related to the stabilization diagrams. The proposed method is validated by a simulated 8-DOF system with emphasize on identification accuracy and parameter sensitivity. The results confirm the insensitivity of input parameters and demonstrate the high accuracy. It is then applied to estimate the modal parameters of a reinforced concrete shear core building and a concrete arch-gravity dam. It is demonstrated that a total of twelve building modes and six dam modes are successfully identified respectively, and the results in both applications are accord well with the existing modal identification methods, especially SSI-COV. The promising results show that the physical modes can be well separated, and the associated modal parameters can be reliably identified with high accuracy, even if closely-spaced modes and spurious harmonics occur. As expected, the modes discrimination step that associated with the proposed method tends to be more distinct and intuitive than the stabilization diagrams.
In modern society, commercial entities pay great attention to the means of individualization; however, the concepts of "individualization" and "identification", as well as the terms "means of ...individualization" and "means of identification" derived from them, are not differentiated in the legislation. The authors analyzed these concepts and investigated some means of individualization (registered trademarks, names of maritime and river vessels) and means of identification (registration number of the vehicle, individual number of the taxpayer, etc.) enshrined in the regulatory acts. As a result, a distinction was made between the means of individualization and identification by their purpose and corresponding function, their signs were distinguished and the characteristics of the legal regime were revealed.
The modern nation-state of Turkey was established in 1923, but when and how did its citizens begin to identify themselves as Turks? Mustafa Kemal Atatrk, Turkeys founding president, is almost ...universally credited with creating a Turkish national identity through his revolutionary program to secularize the former heartland of the Ottoman Empire. Yet, despite Turkeys status as the lone secular state in the Muslim Middle East, religion remains a powerful force in Turkish society, and the country today is governed by a democratically elected political party with a distinctly religious (Islamist) orientation. In this history, Gavin D. Brockett takes a fresh look at the formation of Turkish national identity, focusing on the relationship between Islam and nationalism and the process through which a religious national identity emerged. Challenging the orthodoxy that Atatrk and the political elite imposed a sense of national identity from the top down, Brockett examines the social and political debates in provincial newspapers from around the country. He shows that the unprecedented expansion of print media in Turkey between 1945 and 1954, which followed the end of strict, single-party authoritarian government, created a forum in which ordinary people could inject popular religious identities into the new Turkish nationalism. Brockett makes a convincing case that it was this fruitful negotiation between secular nationalism and Islamrather than the imposition of secularism alonethat created the modern Turkish national identity.
Positive Images Kagan, Dion
2018, 2018-04-05, Letnik:
14
eBook
Today over half of all American households own a dedicated game console and gaming industry profits trump those of the film industry worldwide. In this book, Soraya Murray moves past the technical ...discussions of games and offers a fresh and incisive look at their cultural dimensions. She critically explores blockbusters likeThe Last of Us, Metal Gear Solid, Spec Ops: The Line, Tomb Raider and Assassin's Creed to show how they are deeply entangled with American ideological positions and contemporary political, cultural and economic conflicts.As quintessential forms of visual material in the twenty-first century, mainstream games both mirror and spur larger societal fears, hopes and dreams, and even address complex struggles for recognition. This book examines both their elaborately constructed characters and densely layered worlds, whose social and environmental landscapes reflect ideas about gender, race, globalisation and urban life. In this emerging field of study, Murray provides novel theoretical approaches to discussing games and playable media as culture. Demonstrating that games are at the frontline of power relations, she reimagines how we see them - and more importantly how we understand them.
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