Foreign Modernisminvestigates this tense and transitional moment for both modernism and European multiculturalism by looking at the role of foreigners in Paris's artistic scene.
Making Los Angeles home Alarcón, Rafael; Escala, Luis; Odgers, Olga
2016., 20160308, 2016, 2016-03-08
eBook
Making Los Angeles Home examines the different integration strategies implemented by Mexican immigrants in the Los Angeles region. Relying on statistical data and ethnographic information, the ...authors analyze four different dimensions of the immigrant integration process (economic, social, cultural, and political) and show that there is no single path for its achievement, but instead an array of strategies that yield different results. However, their analysis also shows that immigrants' successful integration essentially depends upon their legal status and long residence in the region. The book shows that, despite this finding, immigrants nevertheless decide to settle in Los Angeles, the place where they have made their homes.
Immigration is remaking the United States. In New York, Los Angeles, Miami, San Francisco, and Chicago, the multiethnic society of tomorrow is already in place. Yet today's urban centers appear ...unlikely to provide newcomers with the same opportunities their predecessors found at the turn of the last century. Using the latest sources of information, this hard-hitting volume of original essays looks at the nexus between urban realities and immigrant destinies in these American cities.Strangers at the Gatestells the real story of immigrants' prospects for success today and delineates the conditions that will hinder or aid the newest Americans in their quest to get ahead. This book stresses the crucial importance of understanding that immigration today is fundamentally urban and the equally important fact that immigrants are now flocking to places where low-skilled workers--regardless of ethnic background--are in particular trouble. These two themes are at the heart of this book, which also covers a range of provocative topics, often with surprising findings. Among the essayists, Nelson Lim enters the controversy over whether and how immigrants affect the employment prospects for African Americans; Mark Ellis investigates whether low immigrant wages depress other workers' salaries; William A.V. Clark contends that immigrants seem to be experiencing downward mobility; and Min Zhou asserts that trends among second-generation immigrants are decidedly more optimistic. These well-integrated and well-organized essays sit squarely at the intersection of sociology and economics, and along the way they point out both the strengths and the weaknesses of these two disciplines in understanding immigration. Providing a theoretically and empirically comprehensive overview of the economic fate of immigrants in major American cities, this book will make a major contribution to debates over immigration and the American future.
In Scales of Captivity, Mary Pat Brady traces the figure of the captive or cast-off child in Latinx and Chicanx literature and art between chattel slavery’s final years and the mass deportations of ...the twenty-first century. She shows how Latinx expressive practices expose how every rescaling of economic and military power requires new modalities of capture, new ways to bracket and hedge life. Through readings of novels by Helena María Viramontes, Oscar Casares, Lorraine López, Maceo Montoya, Reyna Grande, Daniel Peña, and others, Brady illustrates how submerged captivities reveal the way mechanisms of constraint such as deportability ground institutional forms of carceral modernity and how such practices scale relations by naturalizing the logic of scalar hierarchies underpinning racial capitalism. By showing how representations of the captive child critique the entrenched logic undergirding colonial power, Brady challenges racialized modes of citizenship while offering visions for living beyond borders.
Living in Two Homes Mariella Espinoza Herold, Rina Manuela Contini / Mariella Espinoza Herold, Rina Manuela Contini
2017
eBook
Globalization and dynamic transnational migrations are bringing remarkable demographic differences to Europe and the United States. Transnational immigration flows from Eastern Europe, Africa and ...elsewhere are creating economical and educational inequities that are forcing EU nation- states to reflect on these differences and imagine solutions. Immigrants bring cultural practices, forms of art, and perspectives on all aspects of human experience that transform and enrich the cultures of host countries. Dichotomies between natives and newcomers emerge, as well as new forms of identities and distinctions between "them" and "us". In addition, schools are not prepared to educate diverse children with varied educational backgrounds and languages. Societal inequities cannot be understood in isolation but rather need to be understood from a global perspective. This book gathers researchers from across the globe to examine paradigms, policies, and practices for developing an inclusive intercultural and transnational framework to reduce inequities. This is necessary to positively integrate culturally-diverse families, children and adolescents into schools and societies.
This paper presents findings on Middle Eastern immigrant entrepreneurs in Australia. The extent to which perceived discrimination and acculturation influence their social and psychological capital, ...and the effects of social and psychological capital on their firm performance, are explored. We found that such immigrants, who are highly acculturated to the mainstream culture, not only tend to have many social interactions outside their community but also possess strong psychological capital. Although perceived discrimination has been associated with low social involvement outside an immigrant community, we found that perceived discrimination does not exert a statistically significant effect on psychological capital. Importantly, both social and psychological capital are found to exert positive effects on firm performance. The findings have implications for enhancing the capacity of policy makers to provide high impact to immigrant entrepreneurs. Specific interventions are suggested to assist such entrepreneurs to leverage their social and psychological capital.
Most mental health services for trauma‐exposed children and adolescents were not originally developed for refugees. Information is needed to help clinicians design services to address the ...consequences of trauma in refugee populations. We compared trauma exposure, psychological distress, and mental health service utilization among children and adolescents of refugee‐origin, immigrant‐origin, and U.S.‐origin referred for assessment and treatment by U.S. providers in the National Child Traumatic Stress Network (NCTSN). We used propensity score matching to compare trauma profiles, mental health needs, and service use across three groups. Our sample comprised refugee‐origin youth (n = 60, 48.3% female, mean age = 13.07 years) and propensity‐matched samples of immigrant‐origin youth (n = 143, 60.8% female, mean age = 13.26 years), and U.S.‐origin youth (n = 140, 56.1% female, mean age = 12.11 years). On average, there were significantly more types of trauma exposure among refugee youth than either U.S.‐origin youth (p < .001) or immigrant youth (p ≤ .001). Compared with U.S.‐origin youth, refugee youth had higher rates of community violence exposure, dissociative symptoms, traumatic grief, somatization, and phobic disorder. In contrast, the refugee group had comparably lower rates of substance abuse and oppositional defiant disorder (ps ranging from .030 to < .001).This clinic‐referred sample of refugee‐origin youth presented with distinct patterns of trauma exposure, distress symptoms, and service needs that merit consideration in services planning.
Resumen
Spanish s by the Asociación Chilena de Estrés Traumático (ACET)
La mayoría de los servicios mentales para niños y adolescentes expuestos a trauma no fueron originalmente desarrollados para refugiados. Se necesita información para ayudar a los clínicos a diseñar servicios que aborden las consecuencias del trauma en poblaciones de refugiados. Comparamos la exposición al trauma, la angustia psicológica y la utilización de servicios mentales entre niños y adolescentes de grupos refugiados, inmigrantes y de origen americano para la evaluación y tratamiento por los proveedores americanos en la Red Nacional de Estrés Traumático infantil (RNETI). Usamos la puntuación de pares de propensión para comparar los perfiles de trauma, necesidades de salud mental y uso de servicios en los tres grupos. La muestra comprendió jóvenes refugiados (n = 60, 48,3% femenino, edad promedio = 13.7 años) ymuestras de pares de propensión de jóvenes inmigrantes (n = 143, 60,8%, femenino, edad promedio = 13.26 años) y jóvenes de origen americano (n = 140 56,1%, femenino, edad promedio = 12.11 años). En promedio, hubo significativamente más tipos de exposición a traumas entre los jóvenes refugiados que en los jóvenes de origen americano (p<.001) o jóvenes inmigrantes (p<.001). Comparados con los jóvenes de origen americano, los jóvenes refugiados tuvieron mayores tasas de exposición a violencia comunitaria, síntomas disociativos, duelo traumático, somatización y trastorno fóbico. En contraste, el grupo de refugiados tuvo en comparación tasas más bajas de abuso de sustancias y trastorno oposicionista desafiante (ps que van desde .030 a < .001). Esta muestra clínica referida de jóvenes refugiados presentados con patrones distintivos de exposición a trauma, síntomas de angustia y necesidades de servicio, merecen una consideración en la planificación de los servicios.
摘要
Traditional and Simplified Chinese s by AsianSTSS
Traditional Chinese
標題: 透過難民、移民及美國藉的兒童臨床樣本, 比較創傷經歷、心理需要和
心理治療服務使用模式
撮要: 大部分現有為受創兒童及青少年提供的心理治療服務都不是專為難民而設。臨床治療師需要更多數據為難民設計治療, 治理創傷對他們的影響。本研究樣本為獲美國醫療單位轉介去國家兒童創傷壓力網絡(NCTSN), 接受評估和治療的兒童及青少年。我們比較難民、移民及美國藉的兒童及青少年的創傷經歷、心理悲痛和心理治療服務的使用模式。我們利用傾向評分匹配法, 比較三組樣本的創傷剖象、心理需要和治療服務使用。樣本包括難民青少年 (n = 60, 48.3% 女性, 平均年齡 = 13.07 歲), 及採用了傾向評分匹配法的青少年移民樣本 (n = 143, 60.8% 女性, 平均年齡 = 13.26 歲), 及美國藉青少年樣本 (n = 140, 56.1% 女性, 平均年齡 = 12.11 歲)。平均來說, 相比美國藉青少年(p < .001)和青少年移民(p < .001), 難民青少年顯著地反映更多種創傷經歷。與美國藉青少年相比, 難民青少年有較高水平的社群暴力經歷、離解症狀、創傷後悲傷、軀體化和恐懼症, 但有較低水平的濫用藥物狀況和對抗性蔑視失常 (ps 值域為 .030 至 < .001)。本研究的難民青少年樣本展現明顯的創傷經歷、悲痛症狀和心理治療服務需要的模式, 醫療單位日後設計治療時值得考慮這些數據。
Simplified Chinese
标题: 透过难民、移民及美国藉的儿童临床样本, 比较创伤经历、心理需要和心理治疗服务使用模式
撮要: 大部分现有为受创儿童及青少年提供的心理治疗服务都不是专为难民而设。临床治疗师需要更多数据为难民设计治疗, 治理创伤对他们的影响。本研究样本为获美国医疗单位转介去国家儿童创伤压力网络(NCTSN), 接受评估和治疗的儿童及青少年。我们比较难民、移民及美国藉的儿童及青少年的创伤经历、心理悲痛和心理治疗服务的使用模式。我们利用倾向评分匹配法, 比较三组样本的创伤剖象、心理需要和治疗服务使用。样本包括难民青少年 (n = 60, 48.3% 女性, 平均年龄 = 13.07 岁), 及采用了倾向评分匹配法的青少年移民样本 (n = 143, 60.8% 女性, 平均年龄 = 13.26 岁), 及美国藉青少年样本 (n = 140, 56.1% 女性, 平均年龄 = 12.11 岁)。平均来说, 相比美国藉青少年(p < .001)和青少年移民(p < .001), 难民青少年显著地反映更多种创伤经历。与美国藉青少年相比, 难民青少年有较高水平的社群暴力经历、离解症状、创伤后悲伤、躯体化和恐惧症, 但有较低水平的滥用药物状况和对抗性蔑视失常 (ps 值域为 .030 至 < .001)。本研究的难民青少年样本展现明显的创伤经历、悲痛症状和心理治疗服务需要的模式, 医疗单位日后设计治疗时值得考虑这些数据。
Objectives
The healthy immigrant effect is the phenomenon by which immigrants experience more positive health outcomes than the native-born population in developed countries. The strength of this ...effect appears to be related to country of origin, health outcome, healthcare and integration policies of receiving countries, as well as immigration class. This secondary analysis of birth records examines whether immigrants and mothers from refugee countries have lower adjusted risk of preterm births than US-born mothers in Syracuse, NY, a preferred refugee resettlement area.
Methods
This secondary analysis included 6354 electronic birth records for residents in the city of Syracuse, NY who gave birth to singleton infants between 2009 and 2011. Multivariate log-binomial regression was used to calculate the adjusted relative risk for preterm birth among foreign-born mothers and mothers from refugee countries, compared to US-born mothers.
Results
Infants born to both foreign-born women and to women from refugee countries had decreased risks of being born preterm compared to infants born to US mothers, controlling for race, late/no prenatal care, maternal age less than 18 years and smoking.
Conclusion
Our findings support a healthy immigrant effect for preterm births both among all foreign-born immigrants and among the subsample of women from refugee countries. Mother’s nativity is likely a proxy for unmeasured factors (e.g., prenatal stress, maternal diet, etc.) that may explain the relationship between mother’s nativity and preterm births. Additional research is needed to better understand the underlying factors.
► We examine how integration policies relate to perceived threat in Europe. ► We develop hypotheses from theory and research on group conflict and group norms. ► We use multilevel regression models ...for testing our hypotheses. ► We find that more permissive integration policies decrease perceived group threat.
Although immigrant integration policies have long been hypothesized to be associated with majority members’ anti-immigrant sentiments, systematic empirical research exploring this relationship is largely absent. To address this gap in the literature, the present research takes a cross-national perspective. Drawing from theory and research on group conflict and intergroup norms, we conduct two studies to examine whether preexisting integration policies that are more permissive promote or impede majority group members’ subsequent negative attitudes regarding immigrants. For several Western and Eastern European countries, we link country-level information on immigrant integration policies from 2006 with individual-level survey data from the Eurobarometer 71.3 collected in 2009 (Study 1) and from the fourth wave of the European Value Study collected between 2008 and 2009 (Study 2). For both studies, the results from multilevel regression models demonstrate that immigrant integration policies that are more permissive are associated with decreased perceptions of group threat from immigrants. These findings suggest that immigrant integration policies are of key importance in improving majority members’ attitudes regarding immigrants, which is widely considered desirable in modern immigrant-receiving societies.
Research on the relationship between medical tourism-traveling abroad for healthcare and cervical cancer screening is lacking. This study examines (1) the association between medical tourism and ...cervical cancer screening among immigrant women and (2) whether the association varies across years in the U.S.
We analyzed the New Immigrant Survey data of immigrant women aged 21-65 (n = 999). The outcome was having had a Pap smear since becoming a permanent resident, and the main predictor was medical tourism. Logistic regressions were conducted.
Immigrant women who engaged in medical tourism had higher cervical cancer screening rates compared to those who did not engage in medical tourism (84.09% vs. 71.68%). This relationship was statistically significant only among women who have recently immigrated, after controlling for covariates.
Immigrant women who engaged in medical tourism had 2.18 higher odds of receiving a Pap smear than immigrant women who did not, after controlling for other covariates. Health educators should be aware of the practice of medical tourism and consider providing education on adherence to cancer screening guidelines and follow up abnormal results to ensure that immigrant women receive continuous cancer care.
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