The purpose of this study was to investigate the leisure behaviors of adolescent defectors from North to South Korea and the mental health benefits they derive from leisure participation, a topic not ...previously addressed in the literature. Semistructured, in-depth interviews were conducted with 17 participants. Qualitative analysis based on acculturation theory revealed three salient themes of leisure benefits: (a) creating a sense of belonging, (b) increasing psychological well-being, and (c) facilitating acculturation. The results indicate that participants gained social and psychological benefits through leisure activities. They also suggest that the provision of recreation programs that encourage inter/intragroup participation can be an important component of these young refugees’ cultural and social adjustment.
Aim: The aim of the study is to learn how children left behind in El Salvador and Nicaragua, due to parental migration, experience care across borders. Demographics: 80 participants: adolescents (n = ...21; age 13–18 years; 11 females and 10 males); emerging adults (n = 10; age 19–30 years; whose parents had migrated when they were children); grandparents and guardians caring for children whose parents had migrated (n = 14; 12 females and 2 males); professionals (social workers, nurses, lawyers, and teachers); and community leaders involved and/or working directly with children and youth whose parents had immigrated (n = 35). Methodology: Using grounded theory, the study began with one sensitizing concept: parental migration. Analysis: Modified grounded theory principles centered the exploratory nature of the study. Findings: The reconfiguration of the family after parental migration did not meet the emotional needs of children, challenging notions of a “better life.” Implications: These experiences are redefining notions of the transnational family through new geographies of care.
Previous research has linked stress to adverse mental health outcomes among Latino adolescents living in the United States. The mechanism through which this process operates continues to be explored, ...especially in regions of the country where Latin American immigrants and their children have only recently begun to migrate. Our study aimed to contextualize the processes of stress and coping among Latino adolescents growing up in an emerging Latino destination in the United States—North Carolina. All adolescents in our study were either the first- or second-generation children of immigrants from Latin American countries, including Colombia, El Salvador, Honduras, and Mexico. We used a longitudinal qualitative design, conducting in-depth interviews with 12 parent-adolescent dyads during each adolescent’s first year of high school (2006-2007) and approximately 4 years later (2009-2010). We identified four stress-coping trajectories that varied on the following dimensions: primary sources of stress, buffers countering these stressors, coping approaches, and the effects of these processes on adolescents’ striving for socioeconomic mobility. Our findings underscore the interplay between family, school, and community environments within an emerging Latino destination.
In this theoretical article, the authors elaborate a revisited theory of Third Space from a BlackCrit/Afropessimist stance, exploring Black youth ethnic and racial identity formation searching for ...place and belonging in the context of a raced world. To illustrate their theoretical contributions, the authors draw on empirical research conducted with Haiti-born and U.S.-born Haitian immigrant high school students and their teachers. They argue that, as Third Space, Haitian ethnic clubs were sites of sanctuary where students felt free to challenge, play with, and question complex ideas about racial identity, sites of resistance to test and exercise resistance against demoralizing forces, sites of fluidity for Black adolescent development, and sites for regulating and protecting Blackness. Thus, Third Space Theory from a BlackCrit perspective can offer an anti-racist approach to capturing how Black youth become aware of contradictions and ambivalence in the worlds they inhabit and their acceptance of situations where ambivalence helps in their learning and also their survivance.
To provide examples of culturally responsive practices used by leaders of a rural Latinx-serving youth program, this case study focused on a community youth program in a small, rural Midwestern town. ...Program leaders (one White man and one Latinx woman) were both middle-aged and had postsecondary degrees. Nine Latinx youth participants (four girls, five boys; Mage = 15.5 years) were primarily from Mexican immigrant families. Repeated semi-structured interviews were conducted with leaders and youth. Holistic analyses used grounded theory practices and focused on a subset of questions about cultural program experiences. Leaders of Unified Youth supported the positive development of rural Latinx youth through four categories of culturally responsive practices. They cultivated a safe space that affirmed youth’s cultural values and bilingualism; served as trusted allies for youth, connecting across shared experiences and helping youth process discrimination; promoted cultural awareness and appreciation while encouraging youth to explore cultural nuances; and supported youth’s leadership development and advocacy through community events promoting cultural awareness. These rich descriptions of practices contribute to our understanding of cultural responsiveness in context and can be used to inform research, policy, and practice with Latinx youth in rural communities.
Mexican Americans confront numerous challenges pursuing social mobility, including low rates of college graduation and high rates of poverty. Understanding these challenges is critical for developing ...effective strategies to promote opportunity and enhance the health and well-being of Mexican American youth. To gain an enhanced understanding of where mobility is “placed” and how mobility paths are navigated, we engaged 25 second-generation Mexican American youth in a participatory photo mapping study that collected and analyzed qualitative, visual, and spatial data. Key themes emerged regarding mobility barriers and facilitators experienced by youth. We found that youth experience mobility on a neighborhood level while fundamental aspects of mobility are shaped and sustained at a regional level. Youth actively and strategically leverage social and community networks to access mobility opportunities. These findings extend our knowledge by (a) pointing to an emerging reactive mobility as youth identify and avoid missteps, (b) illustrating the regional aspect of opportunity, and (c) highlighting how external indicators of opportunity may not accurately represent the presence and accessibility of mobility ladders for Mexican American youth. These findings underscore the need for upstream solutions focused on creating place-based access to opportunity as well as building regional mobility ladders.
We report on a grounded theory study of late-arriving immigrant youth (LIY) who arrived in the United States at 16–18 years of age and were referred to daytime General Education Diploma (D-GED) ...programs. These programs provide an alternate path to a high school diploma for youth with insufficient knowledge of English to complete graduation requirements before turning 19 years. Based on interviews with 38 youth from Latin America, we propose the core category of our grounded theory to be students Navigating Child and Adult Immigrant Narratives while making educational and career decisions. This process begins before immigration when youth imagine ambitious alternate selves—ideal educational and career selves in the United States, consistent with the American Dream and immigrant child narrative. The D-GED programs represent a compromise between a child and adult educational pathway. Students in these programs felt excluded from the regular high school but received social and emotional support while on a faster track to graduation and self-sufficiency as adults. However, students lacked concrete information and roadmaps for how to attain their ambitious goals. The study highlights the unique challenges faced by LIY as they develop ambitious and realistic education and career goals.
Still a house divided King, Desmond S; Smith, Rogers M
2011., 20110822, 2011, 2011-08-22, Letnik:
125
eBook
Why have American policies failed to reduce the racial inequalities still pervasive throughout the nation? Has President Barack Obama defined new political approaches to race that might spur unity ...and progress? Still a House Divided examines the enduring divisions of American racial politics and how these conflicts have been shaped by distinct political alliances and their competing race policies. Combining deep historical knowledge with a detailed exploration of such issues as housing, employment, criminal justice, multiracial census categories, immigration, voting in majority-minority districts, and school vouchers, Desmond King and Rogers Smith assess the significance of President Obama's election to the White House and the prospects for achieving constructive racial policies for America's future.
We Only Speak English Here Gast, Melanie Jones; Okamoto, Dina G.; Feldman, Valerie
Journal of adolescent research,
01/2017, Letnik:
32, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Past research suggests that community after-school programs (ASPs) are crucial sites for culturally relevant programming for minority and immigrant youth; yet, we know little about how ASPs address ...language in their programming. Using an ethnographic fieldwork approach, we examine the goals and practices of ASP workers serving immigrant youth with diverse ethnic and language backgrounds in San Francisco, California. We find that, despite the best intentions regarding culturally relevant programming, ASP workers faced funding mandates, capacity issues, and increasingly diverse youth populations, and they adopted English-only policies or simply placed little priority on native-language usage. Ultimately, we observed competing processes related to English dominance: a lack of support for English language learners (ELLs) and bilingual youth, and the use of English as a bridge language across racial and ethnic lines. While staff sought to support and empower immigrant youth, ELL youth were often left on the sidelines and had limited opportunities to develop social capital in ASPs. Without reworking funding and institutional systems for language programming, English dominance may continue as a normalized method of practice in city youth programs.
Is There a Farm Labor Shortage? Hertz, Tom; Zahniser, Steven
American journal of agricultural economics,
01/2013, Letnik:
95, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
In this paper we review the available sources of data on farm wages, two of which (the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages and the Farm Labor Survey) suggest that the average real wage of hired ...crop farm workers rose by about 3% between 2007 and 2009, but has since returned to its 2007 level. A third source (the Current Population Survey), however, finds that the average real farm wage rose from 2007 to 2010, then leveled off in 2011, with a cumulative increase of 7% since 2007. We then show that the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages can be used to identify county- and crop-specific changes in earnings per employee that approach the level of specificity desired by Fisher and Knutson. We find preliminary evidence that is suggestive of labor shortages in support activities such as farm labor contractors and crew leaders and soil preparation, planting and cultivating, and in the production of various fruit and vegetables, particularly in counties in California, Michigan, and several other states. Reprinted by permission of the American Agricultural Economics Association
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