Are youths who consume pornography more likely to engage in risky sexual behaviors? Using longitudinal data from the National Study of Youth and Religion and an individual fixed effects strategy, ...this paper investigates the relationship between pornography use among 13‐ to 23‐year‐olds and a range of subsequent risky sexual behaviors. It also estimates a lagged dependent variable model where risky sexual behavior of the previous wave is included as a control. The findings suggest that moderate and frequent pornography use increases the likelihood of engaging in acts such as unprotected sex and having multiple sexual partners. Finally, a heterogeneity analysis by gender reveals that males and females behave differently in response to exposure to pornography, but that is true for only a few indicators of risky sex. The paper's findings provide critical information on determinants of risky sexual behavior and meaningful evidence for the policy debate on government censoring and monitoring online behavior.
On game forums, players often discuss the positive impact of video games on their lives. We collected 964 messages from top ranked game forums (viaAlexa.com) and analyzed them using a coding scheme ...based on an existing taxonomy about the impact of the arts. This directed qualitative content analysis resulted in an exploration of how players’ talk about the impact of video games reflects broader cultural rhetorics. By analyzing players’ positive experiences using a theory-based coding scheme that is attentive to the wide array of effects that have been ascribed to the arts, this study offers a broad perspective on the attributed impact of video games.
Sicherer Babyschlaf in der Werbung Kalus, Esther; Poets, Christian F.; Quante, Mirja
Somnologie : Schlafforschung und Schlafmedizin = Somnology : sleep research and sleep medicine,
06/2024, Letnik:
28, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Kampagnen zum sicheren Babyschlaf haben dazu geführt, dass die Zahl der am plötzlichen Säuglingstod verstorbenen Kinder seit den 1990er-Jahren stark gesunken ist. Trotzdem ...gibt es weiterhin vermeidbare Fälle. Leider lassen sich Eltern in Produktkaufentscheidungen zum Babyschlaf bewusst oder auch unbewusst durch Medien und Werbung beeinflussen.
Methode
Es erfolgte eine Evaluation der Online-Webseiten großer Drogerieketten (DM, Rossmann, Müller), eines Babynahrungsherstellers (Hipp) und zweier Onlineshops (Baby-Walz und Amazon) auf die Einhaltung der Empfehlungen zur Vermeidung des plötzlichen Säuglingstodes bei der Vermarktung von Babyprodukten.
Ergebnisse
Insgesamt wurde die Werbung von 185 Produkten analysiert. Davon wurden auf 142 (77 %) wache Babys gezeigt und auf 42 (23 %) schlafende Babys, davon waren 33 (18 %) liegend abgebildet. Der Großteil der liegend abgebildeten Babys schlief in Rückenlage (67 %). Ein empfohlener Schlafsack wurde nur bei 12 % der Babys gezeigt, während ein Drittel mit Decke oder Kissen schlief. Bei knapp einem Viertel der Babys waren Kuscheltiere in der unmittelbaren Schlafumgebung zu finden. Bedsharing, das Teilen des Bettes mit einer anderen Person, wurde bei insgesamt zwei Produkten abgebildet. Ein Schnuller war bei fünf Produkten gezeigt.
Diskussion
Babyprodukte zeigen leider häufig eine unsichere Schlafumgebung und Position für Babys, was zu falschen Engrammen bei Eltern führen kann. Insgesamt besteht deutlich Nachbesserungsbedarf bei der Darstellung eines sicheren Babyschlafs in der Werbung.
In this paper, we proposed a three compartment model consisting of non-adopter, adopter and frustrated classes of population to discuss the influence of media coverage in spreading and controlling of ...adopter of a particular product in a region. The model exhibits two equilibria:(i) a adopter-free and (ii) unique interior equilibrium. Stability analysis of the model shows that the adopter-free equilibrium is always locally asymptotically stable if the influence number of adopter $(R_0)$, which depends on parameters of the system is less than unity. Otherwise if $R_0>1$, a unique interior equilibrium exists, it is locally asymptotically stable under some set of conditions. Further analytically and numerically it is observed that the region for backward bifurcation of adopter population increases with the decrease of the valid contact rate before media alert. Finally, numerically experimentations are presented to establish the effect of different media alert rate on adopter and non adopter population.
The goal was to evaluate pictures in magazines widely read by women of childbearing age, for adherence to American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) guidelines for safe infant sleep practices.
Magazines ...were included in this study if they had an average female readership of >5 million, circulation of >900000, and median age of female readers of 20 to 40 years. Twenty magazines met these criteria. An additional 8 magazines targeted toward expectant parents and parents of young children were included, for a total of 28 magazines. Pictures of infant sleep environments and sleeping infants in articles and advertisements in issues of these 28 magazines were analyzed for adherence to AAP guidelines for decreasing the risk of sudden infant death syndrome.
A total of 391 unique pictures from 34 magazine issues were included in the analysis. Only 57 pictures (64%) portraying sleeping infants not being held by an adult portrayed the infants in the supine position, and 14.8% of sleeping infants were portrayed as sleeping with another person. Only 36 pictures (36.4%) of infant sleep environments portrayed a safe sleep environment, as recommended by the AAP.
More than one third of pictures of sleeping infants in magazines geared toward childbearing women demonstrated infants in an inappropriate sleep position, and two thirds of pictures of infant sleep environments were not consistent with AAP recommendations. Messages in the media that are inconsistent with health care messages create confusion and misinformation about infant sleep safety and may lead inadvertently to unsafe practices.
So that the estranged ones may find their way back to themselves and each other... This study deals with the phenomenon of estrangement, which determines intimate (marital, family) relationships to a ...significant extent. Aliena-tion is seen as a concealed form of intra-personal and interpersonal restlessness. This phenomenon is not resolved by the reconciliation (which is the subject of the cur-rent volume). Alienation is eliminated when one finds his way back to himself (again) or when people find their way back to each other (again). Following the in-troduction (1), the current article discusses the social manifestations of estrangement based on a study by Peter V. Zima (2). This section addresses estrangement as a so-cial phenomenon, as well as the impact of its structures on marital and family rela-tionships. From the perspective of social sciences, the present and the future of in-timate relationships reveals a worrying picture. Starting from this observation, the study seeks a conceptual basis that, while not explicitly theological, has solid theo-logical foundations, strong enough to offer support for building marital and family relationships, which are seriously affected by social processes. Elements of this can be found in the holarchic world model translated into human sciences by Rudy Vandamme (3), as well as in the contextual approach of Iván Böszörményi-Nagy (4). The basic ideas of this world model and approach help us to establish a founda-tion that allows marital and family relationships not to become victims of social al-ienation structures, but to become places where people can find their ways back to themselves and each other. The conclusion (5) formulates the well-founded hope that intimate relationships have a positive radiation and effect upon society, and as runways to relational ethics enable the coming generation to actively shape the emerging relational and social life.
Media messages have an important impact on political attitudes and behavior. Hence, the question arises - how is media content received at an individual level? This question is difficult to ...investigate with the social science research methods currently available. Measuring an individual’s real-time reaction to auditory or visual media content using computers, i.e. real-time response (RTR) measurement, can be a fruitful approach to address the question. This article describes various RTR techniques, discusses the reliability and validity of RTR measurements and outlines strategies on how to analyze RTR data.
Media portrayals of Caucasian women have received a great deal of research attention. However, substantially less research exists examining media portrayals of women of color. This content analytic ...study examined appearance messages and standards for women of color present in popular magazines. The 17 magazines (aimed for female audiences) with the highest circulation ratings were rated. All images and text of the magazines were coded. Cohen's Kappa for all variables was .86. Ninety-six percent of Black women, 91.67% of Asian women, and 96.61% of Latina women had either light- or medium-toned skin. Sixty-three percent of Black women, 100% of Asian women, and 98.59% of Latina women had long, straight hair. Forty-two percent of Black women, 100% of Asian women, and 54% of Latina women had smaller facial features consistent with Caucasian norms. The current study is the first of its kind to examine media-based appearance standards for Asian and Latina women in magazines.
이 연구는 분산 미디어 환경으로 지칭되는 최근의 뉴스 미디어 환경 변화 속에서 뉴스 콘텐츠가 유통되는 다양한 전파 경로를 진단하며 새로운 뉴스 플랫폼의 뉴스 전파력을 살펴보려한 최근의 연구를 정리했다. 뉴스 전파력을 특정한 뉴스를 특정한 매체를 통해 이용하는 이용의 차원과, 특정한 뉴스가 특정한 매체를 통해 전달됨으로써 발휘되는 영향력의 차원에서 ...살펴보았다. 특히 뉴스 전파력과 유사한 개념을 다루면서 뉴스 이용 행태와 영향력을 진단해 본 대표적인 연구인 여론집중도조사위원회의 모델과 조사 결과를 소개했다. 이 연구에서는 포털미디어, 소셜미디어와 같은 디지털 뉴스중개자(digital intermediaries)의 역할 증대가 분산 미디어 환경의 뉴스 유통에서 가장 중요한 핵심 요소라고 보았다. 향후 인격권 침해 등 뉴스를 통해 발생할 수 있는 피해의 정도를 파악하기 위해서는 뉴스 영향력의 범위와 크기가 어느 정도인가에 대한 조금 더 정확한 정보가 필요하다는 점이 지적되었다. 특히 전파력을 진단할 때 뉴스 전달의 책임소재와 관련하여 뉴스 유통을 담당하는 매체사, 기관에 부여하는 책무 범위에 대한 논의가 필요하다는 점이 제안되었다.
The impact of media, Determination Agenda (Agenda Setting) and Theory of The Spiral Of Silence is a three-part study of the theory of Mass Communication. Theories about the impact of the mass media ...is divided into four stages: All-powerful media, Theory of powerful media put to the test, Powerful media rediscovered, and Negotiated media influence. Determination of the Agenda (Agenda Setting) is a process of media influence either expected or unexpected in which the relative importance of the events reported, or character issues that affect memory in the minds of the public and the relative importance in news reporting. Assuming that the media attention in revealing a topic that is associated with the news audience. Indirect influence of the media on opinion but only on what is thought by societies. The Spiral Of Silence Theory states that individuals have the sense organs similar to the statistics used to determine the opinions and modes of behavior which are approved or not approved by their environment, as well as "opinions and forms of behavior which are gaining or losing strength. The media can be influential in the spiral of silence in three ways: (1) the mass media form an impression of the dominant opinion; (2) the mass media form an impression of the opinions which are on the rise; and (3) the mass media form an impression about which opinion may be delivered in public without being marginalized.
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