Children and adolescents increasingly do not meet physical activity (PA) recommendations. Hence, insufficient PA (IPA) and sedentary behavior (SB) among children and adolescents are relevant behavior ...change domains for using individualized mobile health (mHealth) interventions.
This review and meta-analysis investigated the effectiveness of mHealth interventions on IPA and SB, with a special focus on the age and level of individualization.
PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, and Cochrane Library were searched for randomized controlled trials published between January 2000 and March 2021. mHealth interventions for primary prevention in children and adolescents addressing behavior change related to IPA and SB were included. Included studies were compared for content characteristics and methodological quality and summarized narratively. In addition, a meta-analysis with a subsequent exploratory meta-regression examining the moderating effects of age and individualization on overall effectiveness was performed.
On the basis of the inclusion criteria, 1.3% (11/828) of the preliminary identified studies were included in the qualitative synthesis, and 1.2% (10/828) were included in the meta-analysis. Trials included a total of 1515 participants (mean age (11.69, SD 0.788 years; 65% male and 35% female) self-reported (3/11, 27%) or device-measured (8/11, 73%) health data on the duration of SB and IPA for an average of 9.3 (SD 5.6) weeks. Studies with high levels of individualization significantly decreased insufficient PA levels (Cohen d=0.33; 95% CI 0.08-0.58; Z=2.55; P=.01), whereas those with low levels of individualization (Cohen d=-0.06; 95% CI -0.32 to 0.20; Z=0.48; P=.63) or targeting SB (Cohen d=-0.11; 95% CI -0.01 to 0.23; Z=1.73; P=.08) indicated no overall significant effect. The heterogeneity of the studies was moderate to low, and significant subgroup differences were found between trials with high and low levels of individualization (χ
=4.0; P=.04; I
=75.2%). Age as a moderator variable showed a small effect; however, the results were not significant, which might have been because of being underpowered.
Evidence suggests that mHealth interventions for children and adolescents can foster moderate reductions in IPA but not SB. Moreover, individualized mHealth interventions to reduce IPA seem to be more effective for adolescents than for children. Although, to date, only a few mHealth studies have addressed inactive and sedentary young people, and their quality of evidence is moderate, these findings indicate the relevance of individualization on the one hand and the difficulties in reducing SB using mHealth interventions on the other.
PROSPERO CRD42020209417; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=209417.
This article initially summarizes two dominant tropes in the sociology of identity in recent years, centred on the concepts of self-reflexivity and habitus, followed by an overview of extensive ...critical debate to which both have been subjected. It is claimed that the key criticisms of the extended reflexivity thesis gather around accusations of excessive voluntarism in accounting for contemporary identity, while critiques of Bourdieu's conceptualization of habitus deem it overly deterministic. In an attempt to move beyond the conceptual stalemate of two distinct approaches to identity, a number of hybridized accounts have emerged in social theory. The remainder of the article discusses a number of these accounts in relation to social change, and offers an initial consideration of their strengths and limitations. It is argued that the importance of post-reflexive choice must remain integral to any attempt at hybridization of these important terms, particularly in relation to the contemporary workings of social stratification.
Political actors recognize the power of framing problems using personalized examples and causal stories to shape public opinion. Yet little is known about how these frames interact. This research ...presents the results of three studies designed to investigate the effect of "individualizing" the problem of childhood obesity, in combination with information about causes of obesity, on public support for obesity prevention policies (Studies 1 and 2) and to examine how frequently the news media rely on individual depictions of obese children to portray the problem in actual news coverage (Study 3). Results from two experiments consistently demonstrated that, regardless of how the cause of childhood obesity was framed, when a news report identified an individual obese child, participants were less likely to support prevention policies than when the report described the problem in more general terms. A content analysis indicated that news articles relatively infrequently frame the problem using individualized depictions of a specific child. When specific overweight or obese children were mentioned, news coverage emphasized internal (behavioral and genetic) causes rather than factors external to the child such as neighborhood, economic, or food-industry factors. Findings underscore the importance of considering attitudes toward a policy's target population when assessing how individual depictions of a policy problem influence public sentiment.
The purpose of the study presented in the article is a theoretical analysis of socio-political and civic activity of young people in the context of processes of individualization and massification as ...contradictory but interdependent trends in the development of modern society. The relevance of the study is supported by the need for scientific understanding of conditions under which the formation of social and political subjectivity of young people and their choice of these types of activity take place. We presented data of the theoretical analysis of the “social activity” concept with a particular focus on its psychological structure, namely on the cognitive, emotional, motivational, reflexive, volitional and behavioral (activity) components. We substantively described determinants of the socio-political and civic activity of young people, to which we attributed internal psychological (consciousness and self-awareness of the individual, interests and motivation) and external socio-political factors (internal and external political, socio-cultural, informational and communicative context of life). It is shown that the study of modern young people’s activity presupposes inclusion of the subject field of the parameters of personal and social responsibility and the conscious choice of an individual between passionarity and desubjectivity into the scientific analysis. The applied aspect of the problem under study can be used as a tool for development of socially active young people who are focused on constructive interaction with the state, business, and society as a whole.
This article explores the phenomenon of lifestyle migration from Britain to Spain to interrogate, empirically, the continued relevance of class in the era of individualizing modernity (Beck, 1994). ...Lifestyle migrants articulate an anti-materialist rhetoric and their experiences of retirement or self-employment diminish the significance of class divisions. However as researchers who independently studied similar populations in the Eastern and Western Costa del Sol, we found these societies less 'classless' than espoused. Despite attempts to rewrite their own history and to mould a different life trajectory through geographical mobility, migrants were bound by the significance of class through both cultural process and the reproduction of (economic) position. Bourdieu's methodological approach and sociological concepts proved useful for understanding these processes. Employing his concepts throughout, we consider the (limited) possibilities for reinventing habitus, despite claims of an apparently egalitarian social field.
The main objective of the study is to define the optimal trade-off progesterone (P4) values on the day of embryo transfer (ET), to identify low P4-human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), and to establish ...whether P4 supplementation started on the hCG day can increase the success rate of the frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycle.
A single-center, cohort, retrospective study with 664 hormone replacement therapy (HRT)-FET cycles analyzed female patients who received vaginal 600 mg/day of P4 starting from 6 days before the FET, had normal P4 values on the day before ET, and whose P4 on the day of the pregnancy test was assessed.
Of the 664 cycles, 69.6% of cycles showed P4
10.6 ng/ml, while 30.4% showed P4 < 10.6 ng/ml on the day of the hCG. Of the 411 chemical pregnancies detected, 71.8% had P4-hCG
10.6 ng/ml (group A), while 28.2% had P4-hCG < 10.6 ng/ml. Of the cycles with P4-hCG < 10.6 ng/ml, 64.7% (group B) were supplemented with a higher dose of vaginal P4 (1,000 mg/day), while 35.3% (group C) were maintained on the same dose of vaginal micronized P4. The live birth rate was 71.9%, 96%, and 7.3% for groups A, B, and C, respectively.
The likelihood to detect P4-hCG < 10.6 ng/ml decreased as the level of serum P4 the day before ET increased. The live birth rate (LBR) was shown to be significantly lower when P4 was low and not supplemented.
The basic characteristic of teaching mathematics is an outstanding
hierarchical connection of its contents, so it is important to promptly
resolve possible ambiguities in understanding and applying ...mathematical
concepts that we observe in students during their learning. In situations
when students fail to achieve satisfactory results during regular classes,
it is necessary to organize supplementary classes to improve their results
as a means of pedagogical intervention. In this paper our goal was to
present the planning and implementation of supplementary teaching of
mathematics in primary education in Croatia. The results of the empirical
part of the research conducted among 198 primary school teachers through the
survey showed us how primary school teachers prepare supplementary
mathematics classes, i.e. what they consider to be the key aspects in
planning. Descriptive analysis, factor analysis, t-test for independent
samples, one-way analysis of variance for independent samples and
correlation analysis were used in the data analysis. Results showed that
teachers understand the importance of involving students with different
types of difficulties and the adaptation of teaching methods during
supplementary mathematics classes. They are aware that students need more
help so they involve students? parents. The obtained research results are an
incentive for teachers to think when planning quality supplementary classes
in order to help each student in need as efficiently as possible.
Research context: This article takes on the point of view that places the focus on the individual, despite belonging within a family group, and explores the concept of home as a space that ...contributes to the formation of an “individualized individual,” but that also takes into account the possible limits of this function of home. Objectives: This overview aims to define the concept of home in order to identify all of its dimensions. While the spatial, temporal and relational dimensions of home can be distinguished for the purposes of analysis, on the one hand, the article aims to show how they are intimately articulated in the experiences of individuals to support the construction of their personal identity, their autonomy, their self-empowerment and their relationship to location or place (Simard and Savoie, 2009); and how they are closely linked in the construction of groups and family relationships. Methodology: This article is based on a literature review and on the contributions to this issue to present the concept of home and the theoretical perspective taken. Results: In family, marital and intergenerational cohabitation, the construction of home is played out in interaction with other family members, who also have their own constructions and conceptions of home. These constructions and understandings produce differentiated and sometimes asymmetrical relationships, as well as three different experiences of home. The first refers to personal spaces, “at my home”; the second, to the rules and laws that govern cohabitation and the space in which home is located. In this case, it is defined by a statutory and hierarchical aspect, and the individual has a place assigned by his status. This is designated as “at my parent’s home.” The third is represented by belonging and by a place in a group or community where the individual is considered equal. This is belonging to “our home”. If the first “home” is the main factor in the process of individualization, so are the other two: one explains the boundaries of the “home,” and the other, the individual's belonging to the group, especially the family. Conclusions: The question of home leads to two aspects: the relationship with home of the sole inhabitant and the relationship with home of the inhabitant together with others. In this second aspect, there is a tension between a logic of autonomy and a logic of belonging as a member of the group. Being a member of the group, interpreted as being at our home, has two dimensions: being assigned to our home and belonging to our home. In this sense, our home acts as a constraint on the concept of home, and the family appears to be a paradoxical validation of the individual. Thus, the family has a dual function: to make it possible to be oneself (by privileging personal spaces and validating individual dimensions of identity) and to acknowledge that each member belongs to the group and has a place in it. The limits of the individualization of the home become apparent when there is an imbalance among these three aspects of “home”: having a personal space, being assigned within our home, and belonging to our home. Contribution: Home is a valuable perspective in this construction, which links the past, present and future: having been, being and becoming. The iterative movement between home and identity is central to the formation of the individual and the family group.
In 2011, four major research institutes in America--Academy of Science, National Academy of Engineering, National Institutes of Health and National Science Foundation, released a joint research plan ...on precision medicine. In January 2015, President Obama announced a propose on research of precision medicine in State of the Union Address, aiming to cure and close to cure cancer, diabetes and other diseases, and obtain the medical records of individuals and families that they may need.
La prise en compte de la diversité des élèves pose toujours des problèmes à l’école. La plupart des pratiques de différenciation employées dans les écoles a montré des limites importantes. Les ...constitutions en groupes de niveau, les organisations de remédiations, les aides en dehors de la classe, l’adaptation des activités aux caractéristiques des élèves sont des modalités qui semblent décourager les élèves les plus vulnérables. Cette revue de littérature propose de faire un état des lieux de ces recherches, puis d’explorer deux options de différenciation : l’individualisation et la personnalisation des apprentissages. Nous montrerons pourquoi une pédagogie systématiquement individualisante serait préjudiciable aux élèves et comment peut se structurer une pédagogie personnalisante, par une articulation entre des situations d’étayage, une part d’individualisation et de la coopération entre élèves.
Taking into account the student diversity always is an issue at school. Most differentiated practices used in schools have shown significant limitations. Some commonly used methods seem to discourage the most vulnerable pupils such as the use of level groups, organization of remedial groups, assistance or tutoring outside the classroom, activities adaptation to the characteristics of pupils. This review of literature intends to produce an inventory of this research and then explore two perspectives about of differentiated instruction: individualized and personalized learning. We will show why a systematically individualizing pedagogy would be disadvantageous to pupils, and how a personalized pedagogy can be structured, through an articulation between scaffolding situations, individualization and cooperation between pupils.
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