In recent years attention has been drawn to several shortcomings of the Concentration Index, a frequently used indicator of the socioeconomic inequality of health. Some modifications have been ...suggested, but these are only partial remedies. This paper proposes a corrected version of the Concentration Index which is superior to the original Concentration Index and its variants, in the sense that it is a rank-dependent indicator which satisfies four key requirements (transfer, level independence, cardinal invariance, and mirror). The paper also shows how the corrected Concentration Index can be decomposed and generalized.
COVID‐19 and Inequalities Blundell, Richard; Costa Dias, Monica; Joyce, Robert ...
Fiscal studies,
June 2020, Letnik:
41, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
This paper brings together evidence from various data sources and the most recent studies to describe what we know so far about the impacts of the COVID‐19 crisis on inequalities across several key ...domains of life, including employment and ability to earn, family life and health. We show how these new fissures interact with existing inequalities along various key dimensions, including socio‐economic status, education, age, gender, ethnicity and geography. We find that the deep underlying inequalities and policy challenges that we already had are crucial in understanding the complex impacts of the pandemic itself and our response to it, and that the crisis does in itself have the potential to exacerbate some of these pre‐existing inequalities fairly directly. Moreover, it seems likely that the current crisis will leave legacies that will impact inequalities in the long term. These possibilities are not all disequalising, but many are.
Damages Done Howell, Junia; Elliott, James R.
Social problems (Berkeley, Calif.),
08/2019, Letnik:
66, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
This study investigates a largely ignored contributor to wealth inequality in the United States: damages from natural hazards, which are expected to increase substantially in coming years. Instead of ...targeting a specific large-scale disaster and assessing how different subpopulations recover, we begin with a nationally representative sample of respondents from the restricted, geocoded Panel Study of Income Dynamics. We follow them through time (1999–2013) as hazard damages of varying scales accrue in the counties where they live. This design synthesizes the longitudinal, population-centered approach common in stratification research with a broad hazard-centered focus that extends beyond disasters to integrate ongoing environmental dynamics more centrally into the production of social inequality. Results indicate that as local hazard damages increase, so does wealth inequality, especially along lines of race, education, and homeownership. At any given level of local damage, the more aid an area receives from the Federal Emergency Management Agency, the more this inequality grows. These findings suggest that two defining social problems of our day – wealth inequality and rising natural hazard damages – are dynamically linked, requiring new lines of research and policy making in the future.
For a real-valued measurable function f and a nonnegative, nondecreasing function ϕ, we first obtain a Chebyshev type inequality which provides an upper bound for ...ϕ(λ1)μ({x∈Ω:f(x)≥λ1})+∑k=2nϕ(λk)−ϕ(λk−1)μ({x∈Ω:f(x)≥λk}), where 0<λ1<λ2<⋯<λn<∞. Using this, generalizations of a few concentration inequalities such as Markov, reverse Markov, Bienaymé–Chebyshev, Cantelli and Hoeffding inequalities are obtained.
In this article, we introduce the notion of $ _{a}{\bar{T}}_{p,q} $-integrals. Using the definition of $ _{a}{\bar{T}}_{p,q} $-integrals, we derive some new post quantum analogues of some classical ...results of Young's inequality, Hölder's inequality, Minkowski's inequality, Ostrowski's inequality and Hermite-Hadamard's inequality.
Against Health Metzl, Jonathan; Kirkland, Anna
11/2010, Letnik:
18
eBook
You see someone smoking a cigarette and say,Smoking is bad for your health, when what you mean is, You are a bad person because you smoke. You encounter someone whose body size you deem excessive, ...and say, Obesity is bad for your health, when what you mean is, You are lazy, unsightly, or weak of will. You see a woman bottle-feeding an infant and say,Breastfeeding is better for that child's health, when what you mean is that the woman must be a bad parent. You see the smokers, the overeaters, the bottle-feeders, and affirm your own health in the process. In these and countless other instances, the perception of your own health depends in part on your value judgments about others, and appealing to health allows for a set of moral assumptions to fly stealthily under the radar.Against Health argues that health is a concept, a norm, and a set of bodily practices whose ideological work is often rendered invisible by the assumption that it is a monolithic, universal good. And, that disparities in the incidence and prevalence of disease are closely linked to disparities in income and social support. To be clear, the book's stand against health is not a stand against the authenticity of people's attempts to ward off suffering. Against Health instead claims that individual strivings for health are, in some instances, rendered more difficult by the ways in which health is culturally configured and socially sustained.The book intervenes into current political debates about health in two ways. First, Against Health compellingly unpacks the divergent cultural meanings of health and explores the ideologies involved in its construction. Second, the authors present strategies for moving forward. They ask, what new possibilities and alliances arise? What new forms of activism or coalition can we create? What are our prospects for well-being? In short, what have we got if we ain't got health? Against Health ultimately argues that the conversations doctors, patients, politicians, activists, consumers, and policymakers have about health are enriched by recognizing that, when talking about health, they are not all talking about the same thing. And, that articulating the disparate valences of health can lead to deeper, more productive, and indeed more healthy interactions about our bodies.
In this article, we prove some new fractional dynamic inequalities on time scales via conformable calculus. By using chain rule and Hölder’s inequality on timescales we establish the main results. ...When α = 1 we obtain some well-known time-scale inequalities due to Hardy, Copson, Bennett and Leindler inequalities.
The Human Development Index is the world's most famous indicator of the level of development of societies. A disadvantage of this index is however that only national values are available, whereas ...within many countries huge subnational variation in development exists. We therefore have developed the Subnational Human Development Index (SHDI), which shows within-country variation in human development aaoss the globe. Covering more than 1,600 regions within 161 countries, the SHDI and its underlying dimension indices provide a 10 times higher resolution picture of human development than previously available. The newly observed within-country variation is particularly strong in low- and middle-developed countries. Education disparities explain most SHDI inequality within low-developed countries, and standard of living differences are most important within the more highly developed ones. Strong convergence forces operating both across and within countries have compensated the inequality enhancing force of population growth. These changes will shape the twenty-first century agenda of scientists and policy-makers concerned with global distributive justice.
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