An insight into the risks to life or health which workers are exposed to whilst at work is usually provided by risk perceptions by the workers (e.g. Viscusi, 1978; Viscusi-Moore, 1991; Grund, 2000). ...However, the usefulness of workers’ beliefs is limited when trying to understand the real risks posed by different jobs because this indicator relies upon the individual’s ability to make appropriate assessments (Viscusi, 1978; Elliot-Sandy, 1998). The aim of this paper is to analyse the problem of hazards and risks in the workplace in Italy by comparing workers’ beliefs and objective information at the individual level. The first indicator is drawn from the Bank of Italy 1995 Survey, whereas the second is provided by the Survey of Health, Aging and Wealth. The evidence we provide supports the view that the two indicators are broadly consistent. Further, we use the SHAW to highlight that a positive association between cigarette smoking and injuries at work exists even if we control for job and individual characteristics.
SAŽETAK: Dana 22. ožujka 2006. godine Vlada Republike Hrvatske uputila je Hrvatskom saboru Prijedlog zakona o zdravstvenom osiguranju zaštite zdravlja na radu, navodeći „Ovim zakonskim prijedlogom ...usklađuje se zakonodavstvo Republike Hrvatske sa zakonodavstvom Europske unije...“. To zakonodavstvo Republike Hrvatske je brojno i čine ga propisi svih klasifikacija (po donosiocima, sadržaju, prostornom i vremenskom važenju). To su propisi o radu, zaštiti na radu, zdravstvenoj zaštiti i zdravstvenom osiguranju i drugi. Hrvatski sabor donio je Zakon na sjednici 13. srpnja 2006. Stupio je na snagu 3. kolovoza 2006. godine (N.N., br. 85/06.).
No, u reformi zdravstvene zaštite i zdravstvenog osiguranja traže se novija rješenja (organizacijska, financijska, pravna i dr.). U tom smislu iz Hrvatskog zavoda za zdravstveno osiguranje izdvojio bi se poseban fond (sredstva, poslovi, kadrovi) zaštite na radu u Hrvatski zavod za zdravstveno osiguranje zaštite zdravlja na radu. Analiziraju se rješenja de lege lata u propisima Republike Hrvatske i polemizira s ovima iz navedenog Zakona, te ona de lege ferenda. „Očekuje se da će provedba predloženih rješenja... rezultirati točnijim iskazivanjem ozljeda na radu i profesionalnih bolesti te s tim u vezi namjenskim trošenjemm sredstava za zdravstveno osiguranje koje pokriva ovu vrstu rizika“. Međutim, samo te i takve promjene nisu jamstvo sigurnosti na radu i smanjivanja ozljeda na radu, profesionalnih bolesti i drugih bolesti u svezi s radom. Zbog toga se u radu nude i druga rješenja.
In this paper, the author points out the problems that arise in the case of compensation for damages caused by an injury at work, or due to death of a worker, as a result of an injury at work. This ...institute is regulated by a positive legislative framework, but in practice many problems occur when trying to get adequate satisfaction for injuries that occurred during the performance of regular work activities, because employers (of course there are exceptions) try in every way to minimize compensation that should have belonged to the worker. The purpose of that compensation should be to restore the former state of the worker, more precisely, monetary satisfaction for the physical damage suffered, as well as the physical and mental pain suffered, but this is most often not the case. The question of this compensation is particularly sensitive in the case of the death of a worker, which occurs as a result of an injury at work, when that compensation belongs to the immediate family members of the injured worker and when the question arises as to what is an adequate compensation that should be some kind of compensation for the loss of a loved one.
The paper presents the working principle of the alcohol sensor, which is
connected to the on/off switch on the chainsaw. The alcohol sensor switches
off the chainsaw via the transmitter and receiver, ...if it detects that the
worker is under the influence of alcohol. The connection between the
transmitter and the receiver is remote, via radio waves. The alcohol sensor
contains a mesh that heats up due to 5V voltage impact and reacts to alcohol
vapors. This reaction is an incentive to send a signal from the transmitter
to the receiver. Blockage - switching off of the chainsaw occurs when a short
circuit is made between the power supply and ground. This short circuit also
occurs when the chainsaw stop switch is manually switched to the "0" state.
By using an alcohol sensor, a transmitter and a receiver, the "0" state on
the switch is achieved wirelessly. The receiver (relay) makes a short circuit
instead of a switch, which causes the chainsaw to stop working. This way of
stopping the chainsaw indirectly protects the worker from injuries due to
alcohol consumption.
The right to safety and health at work is one of the fundamental human rights at work, which is protected by the highest international and national legal instruments. In Serbian law, such a right is ...protected, firstly, by the Constitution of the Republic of Serbia itself and then, further, through the Labour Law and the Law on Safety and Health, whose norms address this issue more thoroughly. These norms are embodied first and foremost in certain obligations of employers, with the aim of ensuring safety and health at work primarily for their employees. In cases where the employer fails to provide a safe and healthy work environment, or even when an injury happens despite everything in this process being done correctly, the question of the employer's liability for the damage which was caused at work arises. This paper provides an analysis of this issue, with emphasis on the issue of liability for the damage thus caused to the athletes with an employee status.
Cilj je rada analizirati i raspraviti područje primjene pravila Zakona o parničnom postupku (ZPP) u posebnom postupku u parnicama iz radnog odnosa. Treba, naime, primijetiti da niti ZPP, a ni Zakon o ...radu ne određuju pojam radnog spora. U domaćoj sudskoj praksi posebice je sporno pitanje predstavlja li radni spor i spor što ga pokreće radnik radi naknade štete zbog ozljede na radu protiv osiguratelja kod kojeg je poslodavac osigurao odgovornost prema radnicima za štete nastale na radu. Štoviše, upravo o tom pravnom pitanju postoji neujednačenost sudske prakse.
U radu se, prvo, pokušava općenito odrediti pojam radnog spora uzimajući u obzir relevantne teorijske izvore. Potom slijedi dio o pojmu radnog spora u domaćoj sudskoj praksi, u kojem se kazuistički raspravljaju i analiziraju različita shvaćanja o pravnoj prirodi određene kategorije sporova, i to spora koji pokreće radnik radi naknade štete zbog ozljede na radu protiv osiguratelja kod kojeg je poslodavac osigurao odgovornost, kao i spora koji nasljednik radnika (ostavitelja) nastavlja nakon prekida postupka uslijed smrti radnika kao tužitelja ili pak pokreće radi naknade štete zbog smrti radnika (ostavitelja) protiv njegova poslodavca i/ili osiguratelja. Prilikom analize i rasprave poimanja domaće sudske prakse o radnom sporu, uzimaju se u obzir i određeni poredbenopravni izvori te sudska praksa (Slovenija). U zaključnom dijelu rada sadržana je sumarna sinteza glavnih rezultata istraživanja, kao i određene projekcije de lege ferenda.
The aim of this paper is to analyse and discuss the scope of application of the rules of the Civil Procedure Act (CPA) on special proceedings in labour disputes. It should be noted that neither the CPA nor the Labour Act defines the term of a labour dispute. In domestic case law, in particular is questionable whether a labour dispute is a dispute initiated by an employee for compensation for work-related injury against an insurer where the employer has provided liability to workers for work-related injuries. Moreover, there is a lack of uniformity of case law on this legal issue.
This paper first attempt to define the concept of a labour dispute in general, taking into account relevant theoretical sources. Then follows a section on the concept of a labour dispute in domestic case law, in which the different views on the legal nature of a particular category of disputes are discusses and analyses, namely a dispute initiated by an employee for compensation for work injury against an insurer with whom employer secured liability, as well as the dispute that the successor of the worker (deceased) continues after the termination of the proceedings following the death of the worker as the plaintiff, or the dispute that the successor initiates for the compensate for the death of the worker (deceased) against the employer of the worker (deceased) and/or his insurer. In the analysis and discussion on the concept of a labour dispute, certain comparative sources of law and case law (Slovenia) are taken into account. The concluding part of this paper contains a summary synthesis of the main research results, as well as specific de lege ferenda projections.
This article contains the results of research into the impact of implementation of the requirements mentioned in Standard No. OHSAS 18001:2007 to reduce the number of injuries at work and the ...financial costs incurred in this way. The study was conducted on a determined sample by a written questionnaire survey method in the Republic of Croatia. The objective of the empirical research is to determine the impact of implementation of the requirements of Standard No. OHSAS 18001:2007 to reduce the number of injuries at work and financial costs in Croatia in business organizations that implement these requirements. To provide a broader picture, the research included the collection and analysis of data on the impact of the Standard No. OHSAS 18001:2007 on accidents and fatalities at work. Research findings are based on the analysis of performed statistical data where correlation and regression analysis has been applied.
The work Health and safety at work with a particular emphasis on protecting
ratione personae, presents scientific analysis of a large number of
labour-legal, and social institutions related to safety ...at work. The paper is
presented through more than 430 pages of text and it contains bibliographical
data that are given as an attachment to the work. This doctorate work
represents a comprehensive study that examines the health and safety at work
from a legal perspective, but also from the aspect of a deeper etymological
scope of the core issues that are the subject of analysis. This work is
focused on already popular institutes in the field of safety at work but
presented through a different light, especially through the prism of the new
social and global challenges. This scientific-research monograph aims to pay
attention to the normative aspects of health and safety at work, as well as
on the scientific and theoretical considerations and dilemmas of a large
number of institutes. This paper, through comparative approach, brings health
and safety at work closer to decisions contained in the International Labour
Organization, the European Union, Council of Europe, but also in terms of
solutions in the region of Southeast Europe. In the analysis, we reveal more
about institutes related to health and safety at work in their appearance,
association with social factors, as well as the problems and possible
solutions. This way we have a profound and clear picture of the actual
conditions in frames of health protection and safety at work, but also in
terms of future challenges on national, regional and international levels.
From technical point of view, this paper is divided in three sections that
examine issues and content that constitutes the problematic of health
protection and safety at work both in general terms and in terms of
protection ratione personae. At the beginning, this paper focuses on the
health protection and safety at work as a concept. Accordingly, the first
part covers the general issues, such as the concept and definition of health
protection and safety at work. This section also follows the appearance of
the institute health protection and safety at work through comparative legal
solutions in Europe. In this part, the paper is also focused on the subjects
of the health protection and safety at work, paying special attention to the
different types of health protection and safety at work and giving clear
distinction between the protections ratione materia and ratione personae. In
the second chapter, this research covers the methods, principles and
importance of health protection and safety at work, but also the role of the
social partners in the protection. Particularly focuses on the consequences
of failing to protect the health and safety at work in specific categories of
workers. In the third chapter, this paper deals with the issue of risk
assessment. That means answering the question of what are the risks in the
workplace, assessing the risks and distinguishing the mobbing as a special
risk. The fourth chapter sets the protection of health and safety at work
through the prism of social law and the dilemma of prevention versus
reparation. In this framework, health protection and safety at work is
reviewed through a system of insurance against injury at work and
occupational disease, includes work experience and the role of occupational
medicine in relation to the prevention of injuries and illnesses at work. The
second part of the scientific research elaborates the question of the
international regulation of health protection and safety at work. The first
chapter analyses the normative aspects of health protection and safety at
work, ratione materia. This protection is analysed through the acts of the
United Nations, the International Labour Organization, the Council of Europe
and the European Union. Eventually, the importance of protection through
these organizations can be recognized. The second chapter includes the
protection of ratione personae through the same international and regional
organizations, analyzing the protection of women, minors, persons with
disabilities and older workers. In the third chapter, the research focuses on
the system of health protection and safety in the European Union, through the
very functioning of the system. That means how the standards are being
implemented, how the acts are endorsed, rights protection, authorities and
institutions for enforcement of the protection within the EU, responsibility
and environmental paradigm within the Union. The fourth chapter focuses on
the issue of persons with disabilities through the prism of the principle of
non-discrimination. The third part of this scientific research elaborates the
issue of health protection and safety at work in Southeast Europe, with
special attention paid on certain solutions in Macedonian legislation. In the
first chapter the focus of interest is maintained on the system of health
protection and safety at work of particular categories of workers in several
countries of the region, including Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia and Bulgaria. In
the framework of the national legislation of these countries, the solutions
de lege lata and de lege ferenda are considered in terms of protection of
women, minors, persons with disabilities and older workers. The entire system
of health protection and safety at work in Macedonia is presented in the
second chapter. Here the research focuses on the emergence and development of
health protection and safety at work, normative solutions, statistical
indicators, surveillance, rights enforcement, environmental and social
aspects as well as the level of harmonisation of the Macedonian system of
health protection with the European system of health protection and safety at
work. In the third, final chapter of this part, which is also the last
chapter of this work, the research focuses on extensive analysis of
protection against professional risks in the social security system in
Macedonia. Here are included the social risks, reviewed not only from the
aspect of health protection and safety at work but also through the system of
social insurance. All this being said, this paper represents a comprehensive,
encircled scientific integrity, which for its imperative has the purpose to
set the health protection and safety at work as a central rights system
within the labour relations and to present the significance and the role of
protection in the frames of labour and particularly in terms of the overall
legal and societal puzzle today, as well as in the future.
Rad Zaštita zdravlja i bezbednost na radu sa posebnim osvrtom na zaštitu
ratione personae pretstavlja naučnu analizu velikog broja radno-pravnih, ali
i socijalnih instituta povezanih sa zaštitom pri radu. Rad je predstavljen na
više od 430 strana teksta koji sadrži bibliografske podatke koji su dati kao
prilog samom radu. Ovaj doktorski rad pretstavlja opštirniju studiju koja
proučava zaštitu zdravlja i bezbednost pri radu sa pravnog aspekta, ali i sa
aspekta dubljeg etimološkog pregleda suštinskih pitanja koja su predmet
analize. U njemu se obrađuje više poznatih instituta iz oblasti zaštite pri
radu, ali predstavljeni kroz jedno drugačije svetlo, pre svega kroz prizmu
novih društvenih i globalnih izazova. Ova naučno-istaživačka monografija ima
za cilj da se zadrži na normativnim aspektima zaštite zdravlja i bezbednosti
pri radu, kao i na naučno-teoretskim sagledavanjima i dilemama na velikom
broju instituta. Rad preko komparativnog pristupa primiče zaštitu zdravlja i
bezbednost na radu rešenjima sadržanim u Međunarodnoj organizaciji rada,
Evropskoj Uniji, Savetu Evrope, ali i rešenjima iz regiona Jugoistočne
Evrope. U analizi se sagledavaju instituti povezani sa zaštitom zdravlja i
bezbednosti na radu u njihovoj pojavnosti i povezanosti sa društvenim
faktorima, kao i problemima i mogućim drugačijim rešenjima. Na taj način se
stvara jedna produbljena i jasnija slika realnih stanja u okvirima zaštite
zdravlja i bezbednosti na radu, ali i u odnosu na buduće izazove, kako na
nacionalnom, regionalnom, tako i na međunarodnom nivou Sa tehničkog aspekta
rad je podeljen u tri dela u kojima se razmatraju pitanja i sadržaji koji
sačinjavaju problematiku zaštite zdravlja i bezbednosti na radu, kako u
opštem smislu, tako i u odnosu na zaštitu ratione personae. Na početku se rad
zadržava na zaštiti zdravlja i bezbednosti na radu kao konceptu. Prema tome u
prvom delu su obuhvaćena pitanja kao što su pojam i definicija zaštite
zdravlja i bezbednosti pri radu. Takođe se u ovom delu sledi pojava instituta
zaštite zdravlja i bezbednosti na radu preko uporedih pravnih rešenja u
Evropi. Razmatraju se subjekti zaštite zdravlja i bezbednosti pri radu
zadržavajući se posebno na vrstama zaštite zdravlja i bezbednosti dajući jasnu
razliku između zaštite ratione materia i ratione personae. U drugoj glavi
ovog istraživanja obuhvaćene su metode, načela i značaj zaštite zdravlja i
bezbednosti na radu, ali i uloga socijalnih partnera u zaštiti. Posebno se
zadržava na posledicama neprimenjivanja zaštite zdravlja i bezbednosti na radu
kod posebnih kategorija radnika. U trećoj glavi rada obrađuje se pitanje
procene rizika. To predstavlja odgovor na pitanja koji su rizici na radnom
mestu, procenjivanje rizika, a kao poseban rizik izdvaja se i obrađuje mobing.
Četvrta glava postavlja zaštitu zdravlja i bezbednosti na radu niz prizmu
socijalnog prava i dilemu prevencije nasuprot reparaciji. U ovom okviru
zaštita zdravlja i bezbednost na radu se razmatra kroz sistem osiguranja u
slučaju povrede pri radu i profesionalne bolesti, obuhvatajući i radni staž,
kao i ulogu medicine rada u odnosu na prevenciju povreda i bolesti pri radu.
Drugi deo naučnog istraživanja obrađuje pitanje međunarodnog uređenja zaštite
zdravlja i bezbednosti na radu. U prvoj glavi se analiziraju normativni
aspekti zaštite zdravlja i bezbednosti pri radu i to ratione materia. Ova
zaštita se a
Ovaj rad predstavlja analizu rizika stradavanja radnika na održavanju postrojenja srednjeg napona distribucijske tvrtke. Proizašao je iz niza istraživanja (povrede na radu, vrijeme na održavanju ...postrojenja, kvarovi sa zemljom i kvarovi uzemljivača) i predstavlja skup svih prikupljenih relevantnih informacija o ugrozi radnika.
Važnost ovoga rada je što se u osnovi bavi kvarovima, zastojima, prekidima, ali i popravcima (predviđanjem, otkrivanjem i otklanjanjem kvarova), održavanjima, obnavljanjima, unaprjeđenjima i poboljšanjima tehničkih sustava, kao i posljedicama kvarova, kako u tehničkim sustavima, tako i u okolišu tehničkih sustava.
Radnici distribucije električne energije najvećim su dijelom svog radnog vremena na poslovima održavanja elektroenergetskih objekata, tj. električnih mreža i postrojenja srednjeg i niskog napona. Tijekom rada nalaze se u potencijalno opasnoj okolini koja može ugroziti njihovo zdravlje i život. Naravno da moraju biti obučeni za rad na siguran način i koristiti sredstva zaštite na radu, no opasnosti se time ne uklanjaju u potpunosti, nego se tek time smanjuje mogućnost ozljede i njezina veličina. Sve tvrtke, pa i one koje se bave distribucijom električne energije, vode računa o troškovima u kojima veliki dio otpada na troškove ljudskog rada. Trošak je stoga i ozljeda radnika za vrijeme rada, što zbog bolovanja, što zbog mogućih odšteta koje će sve više biti značajan faktor u poslovanju tvrtke. Stoga je potrebno unaprijed sagledati sve potencijalne opasnosti koje mogu ugroziti zdravlje i život radnika za vrijeme rada na održavanju. Upravljanje takvim rizicima postat će sve više zadaća svih tvrtki, ne toliko iz humanih razloga, koliko iz razloga držanja troškova pod kontrolom.
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