When it comes to traditional knowledge, such as art, culture, and other types of local wisdom, Indonesia has a lot of potential as an archipelagic nation with many different tribes that each have ...their own unique traditions, arts, and culture. Its exceptional potential is a national or state asset that has to be safeguarded so that it may continue to grow and ultimately benefit society. In reality, most of the traditional wealth formerly held by residents of the archipelago has either vanished or been moved to other nations. Protecting traditional knowledge via intellectual property rights such as copyrights, patents, plant varieties, industrial designs, and trademarks is an idea that the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) has given considerable thought to. It may be challenging to secure traditional knowledge via intellectual property rights in practice because to problems with ownership, novelty, duration, fixation, invention, and novelty.
The article describes the basic situa-tions that can arise from the process of technology transfer at a university, if one of the originators or authors of the result of research or creative research ...is a university student. The selected situations are those that can be encountered in practice most often, but this does not mean that they are the only possible ones. The correct setting of mutual relations between the university and the student, already at the moment of creation of the subject of intellectual property, is the basis for the implementation of subsequent steps of the entire technology transfer process.
La construcción europea, desde la Declaración Schuman de 1950, ha venido produciéndose mediante la construcción de solidaridades de hecho entre los Estados Miembros en muy diferentes materias. Una de ...las ellas, estrechamente vinculada al establecimiento de un mercado interior, fue la creación de un sistema europeo de marcas, que protege estos títulos de propiedad industrial en todo el territorio de la Unión Europea y convive e informa los sistemas nacionales de marcas. En este artículo se examina su funcionamiento y caracteres, así como el impacto de la jurisprudencia europea en la materia.
The development of thinking supported by the ease of obtaining information in real-time with the assistance of a smartphone has changed a person’s pattern of life and the way to socialize. With the ...current technology, face-to-face socialization has been shifted to video calls. Not only socializing patterns, trading patterns have also been affected. Today trading process is not only held conventionally (buyers come to the store), but also by using the available applications. Through the applications, we can buy goods without having to leave the house. The presence of this change cannot be separated from the role of technology-based startups which create an application offering a variety of convenience services. The growth of the nation’s startups has now penetrated the world market. Some Indonesian startups have a valuation of US $ 1 billion and are included in the Unicorn class such as Tokopedia, Buka Lapak, and Traveloka. Now Go-Jek has also entered the Decacorn class. To protect their business, businessmen need to register their brands for intellectual property. Considering the importance of intellectual property in the industrial revolution 4.0, the researchers carried out this research to protect digital startups in Pontianak, especially in terms of intellectual property registration.
How did microfilm come to shape patent work? This article shows that, despite initial resistance to the new medium, microfilms changed not just search rooms but international connections and ...collaborations. It traces how legal and media technologies coalesced by considering how microfilm changed the patent office and the work of patent examiners and information brokers. As a photographic medium, microfilm enabled patents to be seen differently: not merely as documents, but as a distinct literature that could be abstracted, linked, and disseminated. The article explores how microfilm technology changed the ways that patents were organized, distributed, and used.
Un aspecto que permite reconocer el fomento a la innovación en un país se corresponde con la cantidad de patentes solicitadas y otorgadas por este. Entendiendo que, de esta manera, se puede reconocer ...la dinámica en que el conocimiento se genera y apropia con fines industriales y comerciales. En este contexto, se busca establecer un panorama tecnológico colombiano, basado en las patentes presentadas entre los años 2000 a 2018, según los titulares asociados, así como su origen y naturaleza como persona natural o jurídica (empresas o universidades). Como resultado de este ejercicio se ratifica la percepción generalizada de que en el país se protegen principalmente desarrollos asociados con el sector farmacéutico, encontrando que esto se presenta para el caso de titulares no residentes en el país; mientras que para los residentes el mayor interés se genera por parte de personas naturales sin una especialidad técnica concreta. Por otro lado, se encuentra que las patentes no necesariamente representan un factor de competitividad en el mercado, sino un factor de estatus o distinción para el caso de los nacionales y una herramienta de protección de mercado para los extranjeros. Esto último dado que los objetos de protección por patente en su gran mayoría no se fabrican en el país sino que solo se comercializan.
Culture of Peace is a topic of international importance with many points of view. We can analyse intelectual property with Culture of Peace. In a specific point of view this article purpose is to ...communicate developements of the Project Reinforcement of The intelectual property through the analysis of the web pages of the municipality of the Altos of Jalisco Zone. It is important to answer the question if the municipalities of the region of the Altos of Jalisco is going trough a culture of dialogue, conciliation, alliances and the peace that is a product of the respect and promotion of laws of freedom of expression and information.
Developes the origin of the idea of the culture of peace backgrounds, international organizations for making peace, laws of culture of peace, stablishment and program of action about a culture of peace, reinforcement of the intelectual property trough analysis of the municipality web pages of the Los Altos of Jalisco Zone, investigation developement of the next municipalities: Arandas, Lagos de Moreno, San Ignacio Cerro Gordo. The last part of the essay is the conclusion and proposals and information sources.
La Cultura de Paz es un tema de trascendencia internacional, con múltiples aristas, desde la cual se puede analizar también, la propiedad intelectual. En lo particular el interés de este artículo es dar a conocer avances del proyecto Fortalecimiento de Propiedad Intelectual a través del análisis de páginas web municipales, Región Los Altos de Jalisco y responder si en los municipios de Jalisco se avanza a una cultura de encuentro, diálogo, conciliación, alianza y paz fundamentada en el respeto y el fomento del derecho de todas las personas a la libertad de expresión, opinión e información.
Desarrolla: el origen del término cultura de paz, antecedentes; organismos internacionales cuya misión es conservar la paz; disposiciones de cultura de paz; Declaración y Programa de Acción sobre una Cultura de Paz; fortalecimiento de propiedad intelectual a través del análisis de páginas web municipales, Región Los Altos de Jalisco; desarrollo de la investigación, municipios de Arandas, Lagos de Moreno y San Ignacio Cerro Gordo, Jalisco; conclusiones y propuestas y fuentes consultadas.
Various types of goods supplied in trading in developed economies are often highly specialized, especially when it comes to industry. More and more often, the supply of this type of goods is not ...limited to the production and delivery of specific devices only, but it is also associated with the maintenance of various types of legal relations consisting in the provision of technological supervision services, enabling proper use of devices, their maintenance in proper condition, but also possible development that increases safety and efficiency and allows use in a way that is less harmful to the environment.
The aim of the article is to analyse the Polish legal status and to analyse the legal relations consisting in the provision of technological supervision services.
Due to the complexity of services performed under technological supervision, it is regulated by innominate contracts that combine elements of many different legal relationships.
El objetivo principal de este trabajo es poner de manifiesto aspectos que afectan a los ámbitos menos conocidos del actor contemporáneo, como son sus circunstancias sociales, laborales y económicas. ...Lo intentaremos hacer desde diferentes perspectivas y aflorando, cuando sea posible, datos y análisis colectivos e institucionales, habida cuenta la escasez de fuentes documentales y estadísticas públicas o específicas del colectivo del actores y bailarines, ya que ambos colectivos integran AISGE y su Fundación AISGE, y conviene analizarlos conjuntamente aun a sabiendas de que el colectivo actoral –incluido doblaje– representa el 93% del colectivo artístico escénico y audiovisual. De hecho, para poner en valor el análisis que pretende abordar este trabajo, en España actualmente hay en torno a 20.784 artistas profesionales del audiovisual y de las artes escénicas, de los cuales un 78% son actores de imagen –audiovisual y teatro–, un 15% actores de voz o doblaje y un 7% bailarines.
Este artigo analisou os depósitos das universidades públicas paulistas no Instituto Nacional de Propriedade Industrial (Inpi) no período de 1995-2006, perfazendo 672 registros. Foram consideradas as ...seguintes: Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Universidade de São Paulo, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Universidade Federal de São Carlos e Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Com os resultados obtidos verificou-se um avanço, mesmo que instável, do número de depósitos de patentes advindas das universidades e o adiantamento da Unicamp em relação às demais na quantidade de patentes depositadas, responsável por 60% do total de registros. Como conclusão vale destacar que o fortalecimento das políticas internas das universidades relacionadas à propriedade industrial acarretará maior índice de proteção das invenções acadêmicas, garantindo os direitos sobre a invenção, incentivando a realização de novas pesquisas e, através de mecanismos efetivos, viabilizando a transferência da tecnologia produzida nas universidades para o setor produtivo.
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