Focusing on the Finnish-Swedish artist and writer Helena Westermarck (1857-1938) the article will show how the prestigious position of science and scientists affected the previously existing models ...of artistic persona around the beginning of the 20th century. Constructing an intellectual comradeship with her brother, the internationally well-know sociologist and anthropoligist Edward Westermarck (1862-1939), Helena Westermarck often reffered to the exceptiona intellectual and analythical capacities of the artist which according to her called the artist to act as an expert on humanity in the same way as a sociologist was an expert of human behaviour and the mechanisms of human society. Arguing that the prestige of science could be used to lend credibility to the artistic persona, the article will discuss some of the ideas that led Westermarck to gradually mould her role as an artist into the persona of a public intellectual, writer and self-supporting (single) woman on equal terms with her brother.
Schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) are severe mental disorders associated with cognitive impairment, which is considered a major determinant of functional outcome. Despite this, the ...etiology of the cognitive impairment is poorly understood, and no satisfactory cognitive treatments exist. Increasing evidence indicates that genetic risk for SCZ may contribute to cognitive impairment, whereas the genetic relationship between BD and cognitive function remains unclear. Here, we combined large genome-wide association study data on SCZ (n = 82,315), BD (n = 51,710), and general intelligence (n = 269,867) to investigate overlap in common genetic variants using conditional false discovery rate (condFDR) analysis. We observed substantial genetic enrichment in both SCZ and BD conditional on associations with intelligence indicating polygenic overlap. Using condFDR analysis, we leveraged this enrichment to increase statistical power and identified 75 distinct genomic loci associated with both SCZ and intelligence, and 12 loci associated with both BD and intelligence at conjunctional FDR < 0.01. Among these loci, 20 are novel for SCZ, and four are novel for BD. Most SCZ risk alleles (61 of 75, 81%) were associated with poorer cognitive performance, whereas most BD risk alleles (9 of 12, 75%) were associated with better cognitive performance. A gene set analysis of the loci shared between SCZ and intelligence implicated biological processes related to neurodevelopment, synaptic integrity, and neurotransmission; the same analysis for BD was underpowered. Altogether, the study demonstrates that both SCZ and BD share genetic influences with intelligence, albeit in a different manner, providing new insights into their genetic architectures.
Recent years have seen a considerable surge of research on interest-based engagement, examining how and why people are engaged in activities without relying on extrinsic rewards. However, the field ...of inquiry has been somewhat segregated into three different research traditions which have been developed relatively independently-research on curiosity, interest, and trait curiosity/interest. We identify "long-term development" as a critical factor that links different research traditions, and set out an integrative perspective called the reward-learning framework of knowledge acquisition. This framework takes on the basic premise of existing reward-learning models of information seeking: that knowledge acquisition serves as an inherent reward, which reinforces people's information-seeking behavior through a reward-learning process. Critically, however, the framework reveals how the knowledge-acquisition process is sustained and boosted over a long period of time in real-life settings (i.e., self-boosting effect), allowing us to integrate the different research traditions within reward-learning models. The framework also characterizes the knowledge-acquisition process with three distinct features that are not present in the reward-learning process with extrinsic rewards-(a) selectivity, (b) vulnerability, and (c) under-appreciation. Finally, we discuss implications of the proposed framework regarding the debate over the conceptualization of broad concepts, namely; curiosity, interest, and intrinsic-extrinsic rewards.
Introduction. In this article author reviewed historical evolution of understanding of intangible components of an enterprise as well as formation and development of intellectual capital concept. ...Purpose. There was analyzed the connection between the concept of intellectual capital and traditional categories that are used for definition of intangibles: intangible assets, intangible recourse, intellectual property, and it were shown its common and distinctive features. The definition of intellectual capital should give a possibility for its consideration in dynamics by changing its forms in the process of restoration and should be disclosed not as a combination of components of resources and as the procedure for its calculation but as a totality of economic relations. Results. Intellectual property – is the legal category that characterizes the possibility of separation of the results of intellectual labor. It means that only some objects of intellectual capital, that have a legal protection in accordance with current legislation can be attributed to intellectual property. At that, normative base defines as assets objects that can be identified and legally protected. The term of intangible recourse has a great identity with the term of intellectual capital, as it includes identified and not identified intangible objects. There was reviewed epistemology of intellectual capital. In the neoclassical economical theory capital is the combination of relationships, that lets author view it through the prism of its restoration process in dynamics of changes in its real forms. Intellect represents the ability to think, a set of mental functions, which are capable of transforming perception into knowledge. Conclusions. The author decomposed existing definitions, its groupings and the morphological analysis allowed providing the definition to intellectual capital, as a totality of socio-economic relations, which are connected with formation, use and reproduction of knowledge.
Practice of keeping mind peaceful is done with the yoga, an ancient practice, where mind can be trained more focused. Ashtang Yoga by Pantajali follows Yam, Niyam, Aasan, Pranayam, Pratyahaar, ...Dharna, Dhyan, Samadhi. Here would like to connect Pratyahaar with mind. Pratyahaar is withdrawal of the senses. Mind can be satisfied with explanations. Psychologists discuss with any aspirant who is starving for peace. Brain is important organ of human body at the same time mind resides somewhere near by it. Human mind is creating main six emotions. Happiness, sadness, fear, humiliation, amaze and anger. These six emotions are responsible to create memories and even experiences. They are direct or indirect reason behind one’s behaviour. It is a natural process when such emotions develop with the response of human body. Many a times because of the nature or tendency and circumstances one supresses those emotions. When this suppression happens repeatedly one can feel it’s adverse effects on physical and mental health. For that one need to control and manage such emotions. Maharashtra is a rich state for sages or saint Parampara. Spirituality and philosophy explained mainly by Panchratna (five gems) saint Gyaneshwar, saint Namdev, saint Eknath, saint Tukaram and Samarth Ramdas. It is a regular practice in Maharashtrian culture and homes to chant creation of these saints. Mind where emotions and thoughts arise. Verses and teachings by Panchratnas are ways by which one can directly talk and motivate mind. It is just hammering mind to do withdrawal of thoughts and reaching to a state of peace of mind. Where emotions can be managed and controlled without supressing them. This can turn as an alternative therapy which is walking together with spirituality.
The article contains results of an analysis of key competencies required by effective managers in our time of massive digitalization caused by the fourth industrial revolution. The essential meaning ...of competencies and digital competencies required by a manager in our time is outlined. It is shown that competencies of an effective managers were evolved in parallel with four industrial revolutions: while in the era of the first industrial revolution physical skills of the personnel were crucial, the second industrial revolution pushed up the development of cognitive skills, the third industrial revolution was associated with automation of industrial processes, and the fourth industrial revolution relies on digital competencies.
It is argued that when an organization strives to be competitive in future, it has to focus on competence building of its managers. The analysis revealed that an effective manager in the era of the fourth industrial revolution needs to have and develop the following categories of competencies: basic competencies (creativity and innovative way of thinking, emotional and social intellect, communicability, cultural intellect, critical thinking, self-criticism and integrity); digital competencies (ability for analytical thinking, computational thinking, ability for cooperation in the virtual environment, flexibility and adaptability, ability for self-education), and the competencies related with ability to operate in the network, cognitive flexibility, ability to find comprehensive solutions to the problems and to give sound assessment of the team members’ contributions in the project performance.
This paper will discuss how we might develop AI systems which, together with our human brain, could transform scientific discovery. In order to do this, we need a definition of AI. AI is defined to ...be that field or industry which is at the intersection of data, algorithms, embedded in an application for the purpose of assisting decision-making.
This paper is based on a presentation given on 2 November 2023 at the Royal Society of New South Wales and Learned Academies Forum "Our Twenty-First Century Brain," as part of a panel on ...Turbocharging Human Intelligence with Artificial Intelligence. A question posed in the panel was what changes we face as humans given the increased complexity of our interaction with artificial intelligence (AI). I explored that question through the lens a critical role played by humans in our society, namely that of judges. In this paper, I explore the extent to which AI might, alone or with humans, perform such a role and what this might mean for our understanding of the criticality of human involvement in high stakes decision-making.
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