Recognizing the importance of diversity through multiculturalism and its relationship with improvement of democracy through intercultural dialogues has been proposed. It has been considered the ...notion of multiculturalism and its acceptance with consequent and reaffirmation of human rights, as well as challenges inherent to realization of human rights in multicultural environment established by 1988 constitutional text. It is appropriate to mention the works of Parekh, Santos, and Taylor. With the help of the legal-descriptive method, through bibliographic review, legislative documents and analysis of examples, the relevance of the contribution of the theory of multiculturalism to the affirmation of human rights and the guarantee of a democratic legal state has been demonstrated.
El siguiente artículo tiene el propósito de contribuir a la comprensión de las relaciones que se presentan entre las prácticas educativas y conocimientos familiares mapuches y escolares al comenzar ...la escolarización. Describe un proceso investigativo desarrollado durante un año en escuelas rurales de la región de la Araucanía, en el nivel de educación infantil, con niños mapuches de cuatro a seis años, sus familias y educadoras. Como parte del contexto de desarrollo del estudio se consideró que las familias pertenecieran a comunidades mapuches que mantienen una estructura de transición, es decir han perdido su composición comunitaria tradicional, conformándose como grupos familiares extensos. Metodológicamente la investigación se estructuró como un estudio de caso de alcance etnográfico, que incorporó entrevistas y observación participante. Los resultados precisan aspectos micro y macro sociales que afectan las prácticas educativas tanto en el hogar mapuche como en la escuela. En los casos analizados se observa que la relación entre ambos enfoques epistémicos al iniciarse la escolarización se intensifica, estableciéndose procesos de desajuste, asimilación o resistencia cultural. Estos procesos dependen del tipo de vinculación que establezca el o la docente con la base epistémica mapuche.
Effective health care requires services that are responsive to local needs and contexts. Achieving this in indigenous settings implies communication between traditional and conventional medicine ...perspectives. Adequate interaction is especially relevant for maternal health because cultural practices have a notable role during pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period. Our work with indigenous communities in the Mexican state of Guerrero used fuzzy cognitive mapping to identify actionable factors for maternal health from the perspective of traditional midwives.
We worked with twenty-nine indigenous women and men whose communities recognized them as traditional midwives. A group session for each ethnicity explored risks and protective factors for maternal health among the Me'phaa and Nancue ñomndaa midwives. Participants mapped factors associated with maternal health and weighted the influence of each factor on others. Transitive closure summarized the overall influence of each node with all other factors in the map. Using categories set in discussions with the midwives, the authors condensed the relationships with thematic analysis. The composite map combined categories in the Me'phaa and the Nancue ñomndaa maps.
Traditional midwives in this setting attend to pregnant women's physical, mental, and spiritual conditions and the corresponding conditions of their offspring and family. The maps described a complex web of cultural interpretations of disease - "frío" (cold or coldness of the womb), "espanto" (fright), and "coraje" (anger) - abandonment of traditional practices of self-care, women's mental health, and gender violence as influential risk factors. Protective factors included increased male involvement in maternal health (having a caring, working, and loving husband), receiving support from traditional healers, following protective rituals, and better nutrition.
The maps offer a visual language to present and to discuss indigenous knowledge and to incorporate participant voices into research and decision making. Factors with higher perceived influence in the eyes of the indigenous groups could be a starting point for additional research. Contrasting these maps with other stakeholder views can inform theories of change and support co-design of culturally appropriate interventions.
O presente estudo foca na produção literária dos autores indígenas brasileiros, um fenômeno relativamente recente, relacionado estritamente à conquista dos direitos políticos e sociais pelos povos ...nativos no território do país. A questão central do artigo gira em torno de uma reflexão sobre como as obras dos autores indígenas que começaram a surgir nas prateleiras das livrarias brasileiras na década de 1990, não são alcançáveis pelo conceitos tradicionais da literatura ocidental. Para a compreensão da literatura indígena em sua complexidade e plenitude mostra-se necessário entendê-la como uma manifestação cultural mais abrangente, da qual também nós fazemos parte.
In our paper we will present an experimental proposal of teaching Italian as a second language and promoting plurilingualism and the preservation of the mother tongue in a course organized for ...children of pre-school services and for their parents. The proposal was financed by a FAMI project, called VOCI, a leaded by the municipality of Venice in partnership with the University Ca’ Foscari. All the project was carried out between 2019 and 2021. The project aimed at experimenting actions to facilitate the learning of Italian as a second language (L2) together with contents of civic education for vulnerable learners. Thanks to recent studies it has emerged the need to promote courses of a second language and at the same time to promote all children’s language repertoires. During the experimental proposal that we will present, we organized such type of courses for minors of pre-school services and for their parents. We focused on vocabulary and syntactical aspects useful to tell stories. We will present the syllabus of the course, the activities and the results of two focus group.
The educational policy related to the intercultural, in its aspect of recognition of the indigenous population, continues to be rooted in a functional and assimilationist approach, in which ...intercultural education is developed without touching the structures of power-knowledge, generating a hegemony of school learning. In this context, an ethnographic research is carried out, which was implemented in a school located in the commune of Alto Biobío, in Chile. Individual and group interviews, participant observation, audio and image records were used, in order to understand the experience of a traditional educator in an educational establishment, within the framework of the Intercultural Bilingual Education Program. The educator's stories were analyzed from the phenomenological perspective of inhabiting and identifying those categories that show how the traditional Educator promotes the recognition and self-creation of her own, that is, of the Pewenche. Among the findings, it is established that the main processes that the educator mobilizes to inhabit the school are translation-articulation. However, these processes are not exempt from the epistemological challenges originating from the school structure. It is concluded that intercultural education depends on the pedagogical practice of going to the community's own places, trying to rescue the meaning that the community in its materiality has given to the various experiences. Among the recommendations, it is suggested to consider in the pedagogical reflections the translation and articulation processes that make up the practices proposed by the traditional educator, in addition to making these processes explicit and problematizing, since they are not only important in intercultural education initiatives, but in all practices pedagogical that tries to be relevant and culturally sustainable.
El resguardo indígena de Nasa Wesx, al sur del Tolima, ha sido reconocido por su capacidad para establecer diálogos y acuerdos de paz locales con el grupo guerrillero FARC, a pesar de tener profundas ...diferencias étnicas, territoriales y ontológicas. A pesar de esto, lograron reconocer que la violencia no era una alternativa viable para su pueblo, y superaron una confrontación armada de más de 36 años. Para comprender este proceso, es importante dar cuenta de los contextos étnicos y la etnografía como experiencia de conocimiento que analiza la participación de las comunidades indígenas en el conflicto armado y en la construcción de paz. Al centrarse en la relación crítica entre la comunidad Nasa Wesx y el conflicto armado en Colombia, se destaca cómo esta comunidad ha sido tanto participante del conflicto como agente de Lucha y reconciliación.
This paper reports the findings of the first systematic literature review (SLR) of studies on the intercultural approach as captured by two inter-connected articulations: interculturalism (IC) and ...intercultural dialogue (ICD). Initially, 16,582 available peer-reviewed articles and book chapters published over the period 2000-2017, were identified. After removing duplicates, 11,712 unique studies provided the basis for this SLR. The contents of the publications that met specified inclusion criteria and explicitly discussed the conceptual underpinnings of IC and its related ICD concept (N = 351) were analysed. Despite a more salient position in recent diversity governance discussions, IC and ICD have remained largely constrained by a lack of conceptual clarity and theoretical precision. This SLR, therefore, examines how IC and ICD have been accounted for, defined, and conceptualised across a broad-ranging literature spaning multiple disciplines. The findings indicate that the key conceptual and philosophical foundations of the intercultural idea are framed around interaction, dialogue, exchange and transformation. The SLR articulates four dimensions as the key constituents of the overall intercultural framework and no significant divergence between them was found between various definitions of IC and ICD. IC provides the conceptual foundations that enable an ICD articulation around intercultural exchange and dialogue across differences.
This paper explores the problem of truth in the study of traditional ways of knowing, which implies two main philosophical issues: how to understand the epistemic value of social theories, and how to ...treat the truth-claims constitutive of alien knowing practices. The second question, it is argued, has priority over the first and may lead toward its resolution. To present the problem of truth, the first part explores a case of pre-theoretical conflict between different sets of ontological commitments regarding shamanic visionary knowledge. Sections two and three examine the hermeneutical difficulties involved in the principle of bracketing alien truth-claims and propose an intercultural expansion of Gadamer's hermeneutics. The final part develops the principle of Intercultural Interpellation as the ground of a theory of intercultural understanding based on the recognition of truth-claims.
We live in a technical age. That is to say, modern societies have adopted technological innovation as a guide-principle. But technique is a perfection without an aim. It can only control its internal ...operations. It is the eternal return of the identical. Hence, a general feeling of social disorientation and anxiety. Moreover, in a nuclear age such as ours, there is no guarantee of survival for mankind. From a diachronic historical process, we are in a synchronic one. All cultures are to be considered at the same level. The only way out is dialogue, intercultural relations, based on a concept of «cultural co-tradition».
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