Resumo Este artigo apresenta um estudo sobre a formação e desenvolvimento de uma das coalizões de apoio e de defesa dos direitos dos migrantes internacionais na cidade de São Paulo, entre os anos ...1970 e 1990. A partir da perspectiva analítica dos domínios de agência, identificamos: i) a evolução das formas de ação da coalizão ao longo do período considerado e; ii) os encaixes institucionais logrados pela coalizão durante a primeira década do período democrático, nas estruturas executivas do governo estadual.
Mature tourism neighborhoods are a valuable laboratory for the study of socio-urban processes. In them, it is possible to analyze the urban transformations and social changes linked to tourism ...cycles: those corresponding to the stage of tourism involvement, development, and consolidation; those of stagnation and urban decline; and those of tourism rejuvenation and urban rehabilitation. Currently, there are indications of a fourth cycle, where vacation rentals and the arrival of new groups of foreigners are causing a tourism gentrification process. In this context, the aim of this work is to study the socio-urban transformations of two mature tourism neighborhoods in Palma (El Terreno) and Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (Santa Catalina-Canteras) and detect this tourism gentrification process. The analysis is based on indicators of resident population (total population and foreigners by nationalities), housing (holiday rental market and real estate market), and socio-economic levels (income), which allows us to detect the existence of a new urban-tourism cycle. This, supported by strong investments associated with rehabilitation plans, is producing the substitution of foreigners from the South for those from the North, changing from residential rental to vacation rentals, in a context of elitization.
En este artículo se describen los cambios operados en las migraciones internacionales en África occidental y se identifican los principales países de emigración e inmigración de la región desde ...mediados de la década de 1970 hasta 2010. A partir de la crisis de 1973, en África occidental se incrementaron los emigrantes intercontinentales; por una parte, los países que eran receptores de inmigrantes intrarregionales comenzaron a perfilarse como emisores de emigrantes intercontinentales y, por otra, los países tradicionalmente de emigración buscaron cada vez más sus destinos fuera del continente. Actualmente, Francia sigue siendo el primer país europeo con el ma-yor número de inmigrantes de África occidental, pero a partir de la década de 1990, Estados Unidos y el sur de Europa (especialmente Italia y España) fueron viendo cómo aumentaban en sus países los inmigrantes procedentes de esta región africana.
This paper describes the changes in international migration in West Africa, identifying the main countries of emigration and immigration in the region from the 1970s to 2010. After the 1973 crisis, West Africa has experienced an increase in intercontinental migrants: on the one hand, countries that were recipients of intra-regional migrants have emerged as senders of intercontinental migrants; on the other hand, the traditional countries of emigration are looking more and more to destinations outside the continent. Today, France is still the leading European country with the largest stock of West African immigrants, but since the 1990s, the United States and southern Europe (especially Italy and Spain) have seen an expansion of immigrants from this African region in their countries.
In the second half of the 19th century, Argentina’s economy was fully incorporated to the world market as a supplier of raw materials of agricultural origin achieving high economic growth rates. This ...expansion was accompanied by an increase in the demand for labor, which was centrally covered through immigration. The aim of this work is to assess the consequences of the migration policy carried out between 1870 and 1930 on the local labor market, particularly on real wages. Based on the characterization of the labor market and the analysis of migrations, it is concluded that migratory fows at the beginning of the twentieth century led to an excess labor supply that lowered real wages, thus worsening in the income distribution.
En la segunda mitad del siglo xix la economía argentina se incorporó plenamente al mercado mundial como proveedora de materias primas de origen agropecuario, alcanzando elevadas tasas de crecimiento. Dicha expansión fue acompañada por un aumento en la demanda de mano de obra, cubierta
centralmente a través de la inmigración. El objetivo del trabajo es determinar las consecuencias que tuvo la política migratoria sobre el mercado de trabajo en el periodo 1870-1930, en particular sobre los salarios reales. A partir de la caracterización del mercado laboral y del análisis de las migraciones, se concluye
que los fujos migratorios determinaron a inicios del siglo xx un exceso de oferta de trabajo que repercutió negativamente sobre los salarios reales, provocando un desmejoramiento de la estructura distributiva.
Desde inicios del siglo XXI ha permanecido una visión positiva de los efectos de la migración internacional en la promoción del desarrollo de los países de origen, especialmente de las remesas. Con ...datos del Censo de Población y Vivienda 2010, se examinan indicadores de bienestar de los niños que viven en hogares con vínculos migratorios internacionales. Usando estadística descriptiva, se examinan las condiciones sociales que prevalecen en los menores vinculados al fenómeno migratorio internacional de mexicanos según presencia de uno o ambos padres en el hogar. Los resultados muestran que la niñez mexicana enfrenta limitaciones sociales con respecto al trabajo infantil, el rezago educativo, la inasistencia escolar y la insuficiencia alimentaria. Y que aquellos que viven en hogares con vínculos migratorios muestran una mayor vulnerabilidad. Lo que implica que el Estado debe diseñar políticas públicas que consideren las características de esta población para mejorar su condición social y de desarrollo.
La hiperconexión, desterritorialización y aceleración de la vida social que caracterizan la globalización implican una resignificación de los conceptos de territorio, frontera y pertenencia a la ...comunidad política. Mientras capitales, negocios y turismo son cada vez más transnacionales, en la era de la globalización proliferan muros, vallas y políticas migratorias restrictivas que ubican a las personas migrantes en situación de especial vulnerabilidad. La perspectiva de la interseccionalidad permite identificar tanto las situaciones de especial vulnerabilidad de las personas migrantes –en la intersección de múltiples estructuras generizadas y racializadas de exclusión– como la interconexión entre los distintos factores que definen las situaciones de poder y privilegio de manera dinámica. Poner el foco en la negociación de la identidad en los procesos migratorios desde esta perspectiva permite vislumbrar un espacio para redefinir la resiliencia y la agencia individual. Este artículo argumenta que la posición liminar de “vivir entre fronteras” puede generar un terreno fértil para repensar los conceptos básicos de la organización social, abandonando conceptos caducos.
The relevance acquired by human rights in the framework of South American migration policies in recent years has made them a central axis due to the extremevulnerability of the migrant population. ...The increasingly voluminous pace of human mobility at the global level is a hot topic in discussions on rights and development, and any definition and ordering of a migration policy should be consistent with respect for the human rights of migrants. In this study we will evaluate the results of the alternative paradigm applied in the South American space at the beginning of this century.
The brain drain is a symptom of a more serious disease that plagues the Moroccan policy of training and scientific research. The "brain drain" phenomenon is not novel and dates back to 1950. At that ...time, the term meant the massive departures of British scientists and engineers to the United States. Then, it referred to the South-North scientists' migration and since recently scientists' emigration from the East. Now this term is used in a broader sense to refer to the flight of human capital (that is to say, highly educated individuals with a university degree or equivalent) from the developing countries to the industrialized countries. Over the past two decades, the magnitude of the brain drain has reached staggering proportions. It is however clear that the extent of the brain drain has increased dramatically since the seventies. This is due in part to the introduction of selective immigration policies favoring skilled workers in most countries. Yet, the skilled labor migration contributes essentially to the increasing globalization of the economy, a globalization that reinforces the natural tendency of human capital to agglomerate where it is already abundant. In this article, we aim to explore some positive aspects of the "Brain Drain". In fact, we will show that, in principle, a brain drain gain can at least rhyme with positive feedback for the country of origin. We will show through empirical analysis that the migration of skilled labor from a country can play a potential role in the pace of development of the latter and can be a source of positive externalities, and that through two channels. The first is related to the acquisition of additional skills and the increase in the ex-ante level of education. The second is related to the "brain gain" thanks to a compensation in terms of migrants' return and the technology transfer that ensues. This article will aim to answer three major questions: * What are the determinants of skilled labor departure in Morocco? * Is there a link between the perspective of emigrating to a more developed country and the accumulation of human capital in Morocco? * Why these skilled migrants return and what is their role in the development of the country of origin? This article will present the determinants of departure and causes of return of the skilled migration in Morocco, analyze the issues raised by this migration and define the channels that mitigate its negative impact.
The article presents advances of a study on the impact of international migration flows and gender on periodic publications in Brazil. The increase of human mobility has turned migrations into one ...of the fields of interest for Brazilian scientific research in the fields of demography, sociology, anthropology, political science, law, psychology, and social work, among other areas of knowledge that have made theoretical or empirical contributions to the study of this phenomenon. The article discusses the origin of the productions published in periodicals considered to have relevant impact in their areas in Brazil. The construction of this cognitive map includes research groups, universities, and regions of the country which leads to the hypothesis that their might be a criterion of regional selection for publication in journals in the center of the country. More than to present the novelties found in the publications, the article seeks to inquire into the comments of Brazilian researchers regarding this possible regional selection as a criterion for publication in the country's center. Thus, it examines the multiple ways in which the migration phenomenon has been studied and researched in the production of knowledge, especially that published in Brazilian periodicals. The study reveals the importance of the issue and the progress made in that area, and highlights the intersections between migration and gender. The article provides a snapshot of intellectual production and debate on that issue. Finally, it discusses the issues and debates that did not make it into high-impact periodicals and analyzes those submitted to less important periodicals and await publication.
Este artigo trata de resultados parciais de um estudo sobre publicações em periódicos brasileiros acerca dos fluxos migratórios internacionais e gênero, considerando os impactos destes nas pesquisas e publicações em periódicos brasileiros. Com o aumento do fluxo de mobilidade humana, as migrações constituem um dos campos de interesse e de pesquisas científicas brasileiras, resultando em uma temática não só da Demografia, mas também da Sociologia, da Antropologia, da Ciência Política, do Direito, da Psicologia, do Serviço Social dentre outras áreas do conhecimento que trazem suas contribuições teóricas ou empíricas desse fenômeno. Portanto, este estudo problematiza de onde partem as produções que estão conseguindo inserir-se em periódicos considerados de impacto relevante em suas áreas de adesão, no Brasil. A construção desse mapa cognitivo apontará grupos de pesquisas, universidades, estados e regiões do país, o que ajudará a pensarmos em uma possível hipótese de seletividade regional para a produção científica nesses periódicos. Assim, mais do que trazer novidades nas produções localizadas, busca-se investigar cientificamente comentários recorrentes de pesquisadores/as brasileiros/as de uma possível seletividade regional para publicarem em revistas do centro do país. O percurso deste estudo ocorre a partir da constatação das múltiplas formas nas quais o fenômeno migratório vem sendo alvo de estudos e pesquisas através da produção do conhecimento, sobretudo a publicada em periódicos brasileiros. Isso demonstra a importância e os avanços nessa área do conhecimento, retratando as intersecções entre migrações e gênero. Dessa forma, o presente artigo é um recorte acerca da produção intelectual e do debate sobre o tema; a partir disso, em um segundo momento, replicaremos a metodologia com o mapeamento dos temas, com debates e categorias analíticas que estão sendo desenvolvidos e que não chegam aos periódicos considerados de maior impacto, analisando aqueles submetidos aos periódicos menos expressivos, até que sejam aceitos para publicação.
El artículo presenta avances de un estudio acerca del impacto de la temática relacionada con los flujos migratorios internacionales y género, en las publicaciones periódicas brasileñas. Con el incremento del flujo de movilidad humana, las migraciones constituyen uno de los campos de interés de investigaciones científicas brasileñas, no solo de la demografía, sino también de la sociología, la antropología, la ciencia política, el derecho, la psicología, el servicio social, entre otras áreas del conocimiento que generan aportes teóricos o empíricos del fenómeno. Por lo tanto, el estudio problematiza de dónde parten las investigaciones que se divulgan en publicaciones periódicas consideradas de impacto relevante en sus áreas de adhesión en Brasil. La construcción de este mapa cognitivo incluye grupos de investigación, universidades y regiones del país, lo cual permite plantear una hipótesis de selección regional para la producción científica en estas publicaciones. Así, más que presentar novedades sobre las producciones encontradas, se busca investigar científicamente comentarios de investigadores/as brasileños/as acerca de una posible selección regional para publicar en revistas del centro del país. El recorrido del estudio se realiza con base en la identificación de las múltiples formas en las que el fenómeno migratorio ha sido objeto de estudios e investigaciones por medio de la producción del conocimiento, sobre todo la publicada en publicaciones periódicas brasileñas. Lo anterior evidencia la importancia y los avances en esta área, y retrata las intersecciones entre migraciones y género. De esta forma, el artículo refleja la producción intelectual y el debate sobre el tema; de ahí, en un según momento, replicaremos la metodología con el mapeo de los temas, con debates y categorías analíticas que han sido desarrollados y que no han llegado a las publicaciones periódicas consideradas de mayor impacto, analizando aquellas sometidas a las publicaciones menos expresivas, hasta que sean aprobados para publicarse.
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