International Security Studies (ISS) has changed and diversified in many ways since 1945. This book provides the first intellectual history of the development of the subject in that period. It ...explains how ISS evolved from an initial concern with the strategic consequences of superpower rivalry and nuclear weapons, to its current diversity in which environmental, economic, human and other securities sit alongside military security, and in which approaches ranging from traditional Realist analysis to Feminism and Post-colonialism are in play. It sets out the driving forces that shaped debates in ISS, shows what makes ISS a single conversation across its diversity, and gives an authoritative account of debates on all the main topics within ISS. This is an unparalleled survey of the literature and institutions of ISS that will be an invaluable guide for all students and scholars of ISS, whether traditionalist, 'new agenda' or critical.
Conceptualizing international education Madge, Clare; Raghuram, Parvati; Noxolo, Pat
Progress in human geography,
12/2015, Letnik:
39, Številka:
6
Journal Article
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In a rapidly changing transnational eduscape, it is timely to consider how best to conceptualize international education. Here we argue for a conceptual relocation from international student to ...international study as a means to bridge the diverse literatures on international education. International study also enables recognition of the multiple contributions (and resistances) of international students as agents of knowledge formation; it facilitates consideration of the mobility of students in terms of circulations of knowledge; and it is a means to acknowledge the complex spatialities of international education, in which students and educators are emotionally and politically networked together through knowledge contributions.
This paper explores relationships between lean manufacturing practices, environmental management (e.g., environmental management practices and environmental performance) and business performance ...outcomes (e.g., market and financial performance). The hypothesized relationships of this model are tested with data collected from 309 international manufacturing firms (IMSS IV) by using AMOS. The findings suggest that prior lean manufacturing experiences are positively related to environmental management practices. Environmental management practices alone are negatively related to market and financial performance. However, improved environmental performance substantially reduces the negative impact of environmental management practices on market and financial performance. The paper provides empirical evidences with large sample size that environmental management practices become an important mediating variable to resolve the conflicts between lean manufacturing and environmental performance. Additional contextual analyses suggest that differences exist in terms of the strengths and statistical significance of some of the proposed relationships. Thus, for effective implementation of environmental management, firms need to measure environmental performance through which the impact of environmental management on other business performance outcomes is examined.
The ISGPS aimed to develop a universally accepted definition for PPAP for standardized reporting and outcome comparison.
PPAP is an increasingly recognized complication after partial pancreatic ...resections, but its incidence and clinical impact, and even its existence are variable because an internationally accepted consensus definition and grading system are lacking.
The ISGPS developed a consensus definition and grading of PPAP with its members after an evidence review and after a series of discussions and multiple revisions from April 2020 to May 2021.
We defined PPAP as an acute inflammatory condition of the pancreatic remnant beginning within the first 3 postoperative days after a partial pancreatic resection. The diagnosis requires (1) a sustained postoperative serum hyperamylasemia (POH) greater than the institutional upper limit of normal for at least the first 48 hours postoperatively, (2) associated with clinically relevant features, and (3) radiologic alterations consistent with PPAP. Three different PPAP grades were defined based on the clinical impact: (1) grade postoperative hyperamylasemia, biochemical changes only; (2) grade B, mild or moderate complications; and (3) grade C, severe life-threatening complications.
The present definition and grading scale of PPAP, based on biochemical, radiologic, and clinical criteria, are instrumental for a better understanding of PPAP and the spectrum of postoperative complications related to this emerging entity. The current terminology will serve as a reference point for standard assessment and lend itself to developing specific treatments and prevention strategies.
The explosion of transnational information flows, made possible by new technologies and institutional changes (economic, political and legal) has profoundly affected the study of global media. At the ...same time, the globalization of media combined with the globalization of higher education means that the research and teaching of the subject faces immediate and profound challenges, not only as the subject of enquiry but also as the means by which researchers and students undertake their studies.
Edited by a leading scholar of global communication, this collection of essays by internationally-acclaimed scholars from around the world aims to stimulate a debate about the imperatives for internationalizing media studies by broadening its remit, including innovative research methodologies, taking account of regional and national specificities and pedagogic necessities warranted by the changing profile of students and researchers and the unprecedented growth of media in the non-Western world.
Transnational in its perspectives, Internationalizing Media Studies is a much-needed guide to the internationalization of media and its study in a global context.
"For far too long, media studies has been dominated by people who could only research and write in English. The result has been effortless extrapolations from very specific realities (the US and the UK) to explain the entire, rich (and poor) world of the media. That is no longer sustainable, as Daya Thussu and his contributors show us in this dynamic and profound book. A way forward for all."
Toby Miller, Professor of Media and Cultural Studies, University of California, Riverside, USA
"Globalization poses dramatic new challenges for media studies, challenges that most scholars have failed to take up. This impressive collection of essays ranges across disciplines, methodologies, and geographical contexts to suggest important new directions for research and pedagogy in the field of media studies."
Michael Curtin, Mellichamp Professor of Global Media Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA
"This is a timely and pertinent reflection on media going global by leading scholars in the field, probing and critical."
Jan Nederveen Pieterse, Mellichamp Professor of Global Studies and Sociology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
Daya Kishan Thussu is Professor of International Communication at the University of Westminster in London . The founder and Managing Editor of the journal Global Media and Communication, his key publications include News as Entertainment; Media on the Move; International Communication, and Electronic Empires.
Introduction. Daya Kishan Thussu. Part I. Internationalizing Media Research 1. Why Internationalize Media Studies and How? 2. What Should Comparative Media Research Be Comparing? Towards a Transcultural Approach to ‘Media Cultures’ 3. Globalization Theories and Media Internationalization: A Critical Appraisal 4. Frames for Internationalizing Media Research 5. Media and Communication Studies Going Global. Part II. Broadening the Field of Media Studies 6. Globalizing Media Law and Policy 7. Changing Paradigms of Media Research and Practice in Contexts of Globalization and Terror 8. Comparative Media Law and Policy: Opportunities and Challenges 9. The Labouring of International Communication. Part III. Regional Perspectives on Internationalization 10. Asian Media Studies: The Struggle for International Legitimacy 11. Rethinking Chinese Media Studies: History, Political Economy and Culture 12. Media and Cultural Studies in the Arab World: Making Bridges to Local Discourses of Modernity 13. De-Sovietizing Russian Media Studies 14. Citizens’ Media as Political Subjects: Case of Community Radio in Colombia. Part IV. Pedagogic Parameters: Internationalizing Media Syllabi 15. Internationalizing Media Ethics Studies 16. Media Studies as an Academic Discipline 17. International Media Studies in the US Academy: A Sampling of Programmes and Textbooks 18. Re-Conceptualizing Media Studies in Africa 19. The Internationalization of the Internet and its Implications for Media Studies.
Background Clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistulas (CR-POPF) are serious inherent risks of pancreatic resection. Preoperative CR-POPF risk assessment is currently inadequate and rarely ...disqualifies patients who need resection. The best evaluation of risk occurs intraoperatively, and should guide fistula prevention and response measures thereafter. We sought to develop a risk prediction tool for CR-POPF that features intraoperative assessment and reveals associated clinical and economic significance. Study Design Based on International Study Group of Pancreatic Fistula classification, recognized risk factors for CR-POPF (small duct, soft pancreas, high-risk pathology, excessive blood loss) were evaluated during pancreaticoduodenectomy. An optimal risk score range model, selected from 3 different constructs, was first derived (n = 233) and then validated prospectively (n = 212). Clinical and economic outcomes were evaluated across 4 ranges of scores (negligible risk, 0 points; low risk, 1 to 2; intermediate risk, 3 to 6; high risk, 7 to 10). Results Clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistulas occurred in 13% of patients. The incidence was greatest with excessive blood loss. Duct size <5 mm was associated with increased fistula rates that rose with even smaller ducts. These factors, together with soft pancreatic parenchyma and certain disease pathologies, afforded a highly predictive 10-point Fistula Risk Score. Risk scores strongly correlated with fistula development (p < 0.001). Notably, patients with scores of 0 points never developed a CR-POPF, while fistulas occurred in all patients with scores of 9 or 10. Other clinical and economic outcomes segregated by risk profile across the 4 risk strata. Conclusions A simple 10-point Fistula Risk Score derived during pancreaticoduodenectomy accurately predicts subsequent CR-POPF. It can be readily learned and broadly deployed. This prediction tool can help surgeons anticipate, identify, and manage this ominous complication from the outset.
Purpose
This study aims to investigate the main areas in which researchers are focusing their efforts in terms of sustainability in higher education (curriculum, campus greening, research, governance ...or outreach), the format in which this research is performed (in terms of individual or combined efforts) and the primary research focus (in terms of local or global issues).
Design/methodology/approach
Trends on sustainability research were investigated by means of an online survey – the World Survey on Sustainability Publishing and Research in Higher Education, which was disseminated among members of the European School of Sustainability Science and Research and the Inter-University Sustainable Development Research Programme.
Findings
The survey collected responses from 103 researchers across over 40 countries. Three trends emerged: in spite of the intrinsic value of sustainability research in higher education, this area is not as mature as one could expect; the range of themes covered is wide and addresses a variety of areas; and individuals working alone is the most common means of doing research, whereas research at the university, department and faculty level appears to be less common.
Originality/value
The paper outlines some measures via which higher education institutions may be able to take more advantage of the many opportunities sustainability research offers to them.
Otitis media eith effusion (OME) is an inflammatory condition of the middle ear that involves accumulation of sterile fluid or effusion in the tympanic cavity with the tympanic membrane intact. The ...pathophysiology of OME is undoubtedly multifactorial.
To assess the co-occurrence of OME, allergic rhinitis, and asthma.
The study involved a group of 18,617 subjects aged 6-7 years, 13-14 years, or 20-44 years. ECRHS and ISAAC questionnaires, validated and adopted for Polish conditions, were used in the study.
OME increases the risk of developing allergic rhinitis by nearly two-fold (OR = 2.07, 95% CI: 1.738-2.479 in 6-7-year-olds; OR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.299-1.995 in 13-14-year-olds, and OR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.262-1.83 in 20-44-year-olds). Protective factors against otitis media with effusion include the number of siblings (the more children in the family, the higher the risk of chronic OM; OR = 2.00, 95% CI: 1.15-1.346) and consumption of dairy products rich in lactic acid bacteria.
OME significantly more often co-exists with other conditions, particularly allergic rhinitis.
Object
The aim of this study was to determine age-related differences in short-term (1-year) outcomes in patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs).
Methods
Four thousand fifty-nine ...patients prospectively enrolled in the International Study of Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms were categorized into 3 groups by age at enrollment: < 50, 50–65, and > 65 years old. Outcomes assessed at 1 year included aneurysm rupture rates, combined morbidity and mortality from aneurysm procedure or hemorrhage, and all-cause mortality. Periprocedural morbidity, in-hospital morbidity, and poor neurological outcome on discharge (Rankin scale score of 3 or greater) were assessed in surgically and endovascularly treated groups. Univariate and multivariate associations of each outcome with age were tested.
Results
The risk of aneurysmal hemorrhage did not increase significantly with age. Procedural and in-hospital morbidity and mortality increased with age in patients treated with surgery, but remained relatively constant with increasing age with endovascular treatment. Poor neurological outcome from aneurysm- or procedure-related morbidity and mortality did not differ between management groups for patients 65 years old and younger, but was significantly higher in the surgical group for patients older than 65 years: 19.0% (95% confidence interval CI 13.9%–24.4%), compared with 8.0% (95% CI 2.3%–13.6%) in the endovascular group and 4.2% (95% CI 2.3%–6.2%) in the observation group. All-cause mortality increased steadily with increasing age, but differed between treatment groups only in patients < 50 years of age, with the surgical group showing a survival advantage at 1 year.
Conclusions
Surgical treatment of UIAs appears to be safe, prevents 1-year hemorrhage, and may confer a survival benefit in patients < 50 years of age. However, surgery poses a significant risk of morbidity and death in patients > 65 years of age. Risk of endovascular treatment does not appear to increase with age. Risks and benefits of treatment in older patients should be carefully considered, and if treatment is deemed necessary for patients older than 65 years, endovascular treatment may be the best option.
•Few contemporary cross-national studies have examined young adult homelessness.•We found a similar profile of co-occurring problems in Victoria and Washington State.•Unemployment, antisocial ...behavior and victimization co-occurred with homelessness.•Young adults with higher weekly income were less likely to report homelessness.•Understanding longitudinal and modifiable predictors of homelessness are warranted.
Homelessness is associated with various co-occurring health and social problems yet; few contemporary international studies have examined these problems in young adulthood. This descriptive study presents cross-state comparison of the prevalence of young adult homelessness in Washington State, USA and Victoria, Australia using state representative samples from the International Youth Development Study (IYDS; n = 1945, 53% female). Associations between young adult homelessness and a range of co-occurring problems were examined using a modified version of the Communities That Care youth survey. Results showed significantly higher rates of past year homelessness were reported by young adults in Washington State (5.24% vs. 3.25% in Victoria). Cross-state differences were evident in levels of friends’ drug use, antisocial behavior, weekly income and support from peers. Unemployment (Adjusted Odds Ratio AOR = 2.67), antisocial behavior (AOR = 3.54) and victimization (AOR = 3.37) were more likely among young adults reporting homelessness in both states. Young adults with higher weekly income were less likely to report homelessness (AOR = 0.69) in both states. No significant association between mental health problem symptoms, substance use, family conflict or interaction with antisocial peers and homelessness were found in either state. Rates of violent behavior were more strongly related to young adult homelessness in Washington State than Victoria. The current findings suggest that programs that enable young adults to pursue income and employment, reduce antisocial behavior and include services for those who have been victimized, may help to mitigate harm among young adults experiencing homelessness.
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