In France, the emergence of the science of education at the end of the 19th century, and of educational sciences as a university discipline in 1967, is consubstanţial with the disciplines interest in ...pedagogical analysis. This article presents the three main areas in which pedagogy is studied in France today: a first domain of research related to philosophy and sociology, a second field of research focusing on the history of pedagogies and pedagogues, and a third trend dealing with the study of contemporary pedagogies.
This research experimentally investigated the social consequences of “phubbing” – the act of snubbing someone in a social setting by concentrating on one's mobile phone. Participants viewed a ...three‐minute animation in which they imagined themselves as part of a dyadic conversation. Their communication partner either phubbed them extensively, partially, or not at all. Results revealed that increased phubbing significantly and negatively affected perceived communication quality and relationship satisfaction. These effects were mediated by reduced feelings of belongingness and both positive and negative affect. This research underlines the importance of phubbing as a modern social phenomenon to be further investigated.
This review used 4 types of longitudinal models (descriptive models, prediction models, developmental sequence models and longitudinal mediation models) to identify regular patterns of psychosocial ...development in adolescence. Eight patterns of adolescent development were observed across countries: (1) adolescent maturation in multiple developmental domains; (2) heterogeneous continuity of personal relationships; (3) good goes together with good, and bad with bad, across time in adolescence; (4) parents transmit values and behaviors to their adolescent children over time; (5) adolescent psychopathology leads to erosion of personal relationships with parents and peers; (6) adolescent psychopathology prevents adolescent independence from parents; (7) parental interference in personal issues of adolescents has counterproductive effects over time; (8) mood variability and (social and personal) uncertainty are mechanisms that maintain psychopathology in adolescence. Principles of life span developmental psychology are used to discuss adolescent maturation, and a developmental contextual perspective is used to discuss links between the various developmental patterns. Strengths and limitations of the various longitudinal models, and links between longitudinal and experimental research are discussed.
The present study examined the psychometric properties and construct validity of scores derived from the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire (INQ) using latent variable modeling with 5 independent ...samples varying in age and level of psychopathology. The INQ was derived from the interpersonal theory of suicide and was developed to measure thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness-both proximal causes of desire for suicide. Results support that thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness are distinct but related constructs and that they can be reliably measured. Further, multiple-group analyses were consistent with invariance for young versus older adults and nonclinical versus clinical populations, thereby supporting the relevance of these constructs to diverse populations. Finally, both constructs demonstrated convergent associations with related interpersonal constructs-including loneliness and social support for belongingness and social worth and death ideation for burdensomeness-as well as prospective associations with suicidal ideation.
Background: Communication is an interaction process that is highly essential in building nurse-patient interpersonal relationships. Good nurse communication-patient will have a good impact on the ...treatment plan and recovery for the patient. Improper communication can lead to mistaken nursing care provision and even lead to injury and death.
Objective: This literature review aimed to know the efforts to improve nurse-patient communication.
Design: This literature review used narrative review design.
Data Sources: The databases used in narrative review are Scopus, Science Direct, ProQuest, and PubMed. The journal is limited to the publication year 2016 - 2020 with the area of the nursing medicine journal, full text Portable Document Format (PDF) journal. This literature review uses 4 articles appropriate the inclusion criteria. The study of articles and data extraction were carried out separately by the researcher, if there were differences, the results were taken by consensus.
Review Methods: The review method for this literature review using a narrative method by classifying the similar extracted data according to the research findings.
Results: The databases used in the literature review are Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed and ProQuest. The journal is limited to the 2016 – 2020 publication year with the area of nursing medicine journals, improving nurse communication, full text open access pdf journals, research designs. This literature review was identified with the number of science direct: 45, Scopus: 242, PubMed: 36 and ProQuest: 492, then screened and found 4 articles that matched the inclusion criteria. The study of articles and data extraction were carried out separately by the researcher, if there were differences, the results were taken by consensus.
Conclusion: Nurse communication training has a positive impact where nurses have skills in developing knowledge and capability in improving nurse communication performance. Good communication nurse-patient can increase the patient's cure rate.
The purpose of the present research was to develop and provide initial validation of the Fitness Coaching Behavior Scale (FCBS-Fit) designed for assessing perceived the quality of instructor’s ...behaviors in fitness group classes through the theoretical adaptation to the Coaching Model (Côté et al., 1995), originally derived from sports. In total, 618 participants of fitness group classes accepted to participate in this investigation. The purpose of the research was achieved in three phases: (1) development of the item pool and content validation of the preliminary version of the FCBS-Fit (27 items); preliminary examination of the factorial structure through exploratory factor analysis (n1 = 185) that revealed a scale with 20 items distributed by 4 factors: Technical and Positive Rapport, Exercise Planning and Prescription, Negative Rapport, and Goal Setting; (2) confirmatory factor analysis to the 4-factor model indicated adequate fit model fit, reliability and convergent and discriminant validity. In addition, a multi-group CFA indicated measurement invariance of the factorial structure across samples (n2 = 210); (3) structural equation model examined criterion validity through analysis of the relationships between the 4-factors of EPCI-Fit and enjoyment in exercise (n3 = 223). Psychometric evidence suggests that the FCBS could be used as a reliable and valid measure to assess Portuguese participant`s perceptions of the quality of instructor’s behaviors in fitness group classes.Resumen. El propósito del presente estudio fue desarrollar y validar preliminarmente la Escala de Percepción del Comportamiento del Instructor de Fitness (EPCI-Fit) cuyo objetivo es evaluar la calidad de los comportamientos de los instructores de fitness en clases de grupo, a través de la adaptación teórica al Coaching Model (Côté et al., 1995), original del entrenamiento deportivo. En total, participaran 618 practicantes de fitness en clases de grupo de diversas áreas del litoral de Portugal continental. El propósito del estudio fue alcanzado en tres fases: (1) desarrollo del banco de ítems y validación inicial del contenido de la versión inicial de EPCI-Fit (27 ítems); la evaluación preliminar de la estructura factorial a través de análisis factorial exploratorio (n1 = 185) que resultó en una escala con 20 ítems distribuidos por 4 factores - Feedback técnico positivo, Feedback negativo, Formulación de objetivos, y Planificación y prescripción del ejercicio; (2) estimación del ajuste del modelo de 4-factores a través de análisis factorial confirmatorio, y análisis a la fiabilidad compuesta, y validez convergente y discriminante (n2 = 210); evaluación de la invariancia métrica del modelo de 4-factores en dos muestras independientes (n1 = 185; n2 = 210); y (3) estimación de la validez de criterio a través del análisis a las relaciones entre los 4-factores de la EPCI-Fit y el disfrute en la práctica de ejercicio (n3 = 223). En general, los resultados provenientes de las diferentes fases de análisis psicométrico a EPCI-Fit soportan la validez y la fiabilidad de los datos, indicando que esta escala podrá ser utilizada en el futuro para evaluar las percepciones de la calidad del comportamiento del instructor de fitness en clases de grupo. Resumo. O propósito do presente estudo foi desenvolver e validar preliminarmente a Escala de Perceção do Comportamento do Instrutor de Fitness (EPCI-Fit) cujo objetivo é avaliar a qualidade dos comportamentos dos instrutores de fitness em aulas de grupo, através da adaptação teórica ao Coaching Model (Côté et al., 1995), original do treino desportivo. No total, participaram 618 praticantes de fitness em aulas de grupo de várias zonas de Portugal continental. O propósito do estudo foi alcançado em três fases: (1) desenvolvimento da pool de itens e validação inicial do conteúdo da versão inicial da EPCI-Fit (27 itens); avaliação preliminar da estrutura fatorial através de análise fatorial exploratória (n1 = 185) que resultou numa escala com 20 itens distribuídos por 4 fatores – Feedback técnico positivo, Feedback negativo, Formulação de objetivos, e Planificação e prescrição do exercício; (2) estimação do ajustamento do modelo de 4-fatores através de analise fatorial confirmatória, e análise à fiabilidade compósita, e validade convergente e discriminante (n2 = 210); avaliação da invariância métrica do modelo de 4-fatores em duas amostras independentes (n1 = 185; n2 = 210); e (3) examinação da validade de critério através da análise às relações entre os 4-fatores da EPCI-Fit e o divertimento na prática de exercício (n3 = 223). No geral, os resultados oriundos das diferentes fases de análise psicométrica à EPCI-Fit suportam a validade e a fiabilidade dos dados, indicando que esta escala poderá ser utilizada futuramente para avaliar as perceções da qualidade do comportamento do instrutor de fitness em aulas de grupo.
Researchers have used
J. Bowlby's (1969/1982
,
1973
,
1980
,
1988
) attachment theory frequently as a basis for examining whether experiences in close personal relationships relate to the processing ...of social information across childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. We present an integrative life-span-encompassing theoretical model to explain the patterns of results that have emerged from these studies. The central proposition is that individuals who possess secure experience-based internal working models of attachment will process-in a relatively open manner-a broad range of positive and negative attachment-relevant social information. Moreover, secure individuals will draw on their positive attachment-related knowledge to process this information in a positively biased schematic way. In contrast, individuals who possess insecure internal working models of attachment will process attachment-relevant social information in one of two ways, depending on whether the information could cause the individual psychological pain. If processing the information is likely to lead to psychological pain, insecure individuals will defensively exclude this information from further processing. If, however, the information is unlikely to lead to psychological pain, then insecure individuals will process this information in a negatively biased schematic fashion that is congruent with their negative attachment-related experiences. In a comprehensive literature review, we describe studies that illustrate these patterns of attachment-related information processing from childhood to adulthood. This review focuses on studies that have examined specific components (e.g., attention and memory) and broader aspects (e.g., attributions) of social information processing. We also provide general conclusions and suggestions for future research.
This article advances the debate about costs and benefits of self-enhancement (the tendency to maintain unrealistically positive self-views) with a comprehensive meta-analytic review (299 samples, N ...= 126,916). The review considers relations between self-enhancement and personal adjustment (life satisfaction, positive affect, negative affect, depression), and between self-enhancement and interpersonal adjustment (informant reports of domain-general social valuation, agency, communion). Self-enhancement was positively related to personal adjustment, and this relation was robust across sex, age, cohort, and culture. Important from a causal perspective, self-enhancement had a positive longitudinal effect on personal adjustment. The relation between self-enhancement and interpersonal adjustment was nuanced. Self-enhancement was positively related to domain-general social valuation at 0, but not long, acquaintance. Communal self-enhancement was positively linked to informant judgments of communion, whereas agentic self-enhancement was linked positively to agency but negatively to communion. Overall, the results suggest that self-enhancement is beneficial for personal adjustment but a mixed blessing for interpersonal adjustment.
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