Abstract
Italy and Germany have similar geographical differences in firm productivity—with the North more productive than the South in Italy and the West more productive than the East in Germany—but ...have adopted different models of wage bargaining. Italy sets wages based on nationwide contracts that allow for limited local wage adjustments, while Germany has moved toward a more flexible system that allows for local bargaining. We find that Italy exhibits limited geographical wage differences in nominal terms and almost no relationship between local productivity and local nominal wages, while Germany has larger geographic wage differences and a tighter link between local wages and local productivity. As a consequence, in Italy, low-productivity provinces have higher non-employment rates than high-productivity provinces, because employers cannot lower wages, while in Germany the relationship between non-employment and productivity is significantly weaker. We conclude that the Italian system has significant costs in terms of forgone aggregate earnings and employment because it generates a spatial equilibrium where workers queue for jobs in the South and remain unemployed while waiting. If Italy adopted the German system, aggregate employment and earnings would increase by 11.04% and 7.45%, respectively. Our findings are relevant for other European countries.
‘Anticlassicisms’ react to the various forms of ‘classicisms.’ This volume discusses the history and possible implications of the label in Renaissance studies and analyzes such ‘anticlassicisms.’ It ...distinguishes the various forms of opposition to ‘classicisms’ as to their scope (on a scale between radical poetological dissension to merely sectorial opposition in a given literary genre) and to their alternative models, be they authors or texts.
‚Antiklassizismen‘ reagieren auf unterschiedliche Formen von ‚Klassizismen.‘ Der Band untersucht die Geschichte und die möglichen Implikationen dieses Terminus für die Renaissanceforschung und analysiert zugleich solche ‚Antiklassizismen.‘ Er unterscheidet ihre unterschiedlich gearteten Gegenstellungen zu ‚Klassizismen‘ hinsichtlich ihrer Reichweite (auf einer Skala zwischen radikaler poetologischer Opposition und lediglich sektorialer Abweichung innerhalb einer Gattung) und hinsichtlich der je angesetzten Alternativmodelle, seien diese Autoren oder Texte.
Making democracy work Putnam, Robert D
1994., 19940527, 1994, 1993, 1994-05-27
eBook
Why do some democratic governments succeed and others fail? In a book that has received attention from policymakers and civic activists in America and around the world, Robert Putnam and his ...collaborators offer empirical evidence for the importance of "civic community" in developing successful institutions. Their focus is on a unique experiment begun in 1970 when Italy created new governments for each of its regions. After spending two decades analyzing the efficacy of these governments in such fields as agriculture, housing, and health services, they reveal patterns of associationism, trust, and cooperation that facilitate good governance and economic prosperity.
Based on meticulous research in the archives of some of the most
prominent Italian avant-garde writers, Poetry on Stage
examines the literary and ideological climate of the sixties and
seventies.
This paper evaluates the role of redistribution in the transmission mechanism of monetary policy to consumption. Three channels affect aggregate spending when winners and losers have different ...marginal propensities to consume: an earnings heterogeneity channel from unequal income gains, a Fisher channel from unexpected inflation, and an interest rate exposure channel from real interest rate changes. Sufficient statistics from Italian and US data suggest that all three channels are likely to amplify the effects of monetary policy.
Une belle créature, mi humaine mi fée, qui renonce par amour à son statut d'immortelle ; un prince amoureux fou de cette créature, qui laisse le royaume de son père aux mains d'un despote sanguinaire ...; un mage démoniaque qui a lancé contre eux une terrible malédiction. Ce trio est au centre de La Femme serpent, fable théâtrale tragicomique que Carlo Gozzi offre avec succès au public de Venise en octobre 1762, peu après Turandot. Transformations, apparitions, disparitions, déchaînement de tonnerre et d'éclairs, palais merveilleux succédant à un désert rocailleux, grottes peuplées de monstres hideux. À partir de sources diverses, françaises et italiennes, Gozzi déploie toute sa science de la scène et de l'écriture, et mêle avec brio le merveilleux, le tragique, le pathétique et le comique hérités de la commedia dell'arte. Les amants réussiront-ils à surmonter les épreuves imposées par le mage ? Le prince sauvera-t-il son royaume ? La fée deviendra-t-elle humaine ?
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