Lejos de la noción turneriana de la frontera como límite de separación, existe actualmente un consenso historiográfico en definir a las regiones fronterizas como lugares de encuentro de culturas. Se ...desprende de esa idea central que estos espacios se caracterizan por su multiculturalidad pudiendo detectarse prácticas mestizas que recogen elementos culturales de muy diverso origen. La preocupación central de este trabajo está puesto en indagar el tipo de fuentes y las estrategias analíticas que permiten acercarse al conocimiento de la vida cotidiana en el espacio fronterizo bonaerense. Para ello, presentaremos los resultados que pueden obtenerse a través de dos vías de indagación: el seguimiento de los intermediarios culturales y el análisis de fuentes judiciales relacionadas con conflictos interétnicos.Far from Turner's definition of border as limit to separation, current research defines frontier regions as places of cultural encounters. Racially mixed practices gathering cultural elements belonging to quite different origins can be detect in these spaces. The main goal here is to determine what type of sources and analytic strategies allow a closer knowledge to everyday life in the Buenos Aires frontier. In doing so, we present some results obtained through two different ways of inquiry regarding the cultural brokers role and the judicial sources concerning interethnic conflicts
The article suggests that practical reason theory offers the best means to understanding the decision-making process in a trial by jury. More specifically, it argues that the decision-making ...practices of justice staff are guided by "dually structured" discourses, that is, by discourses that combine the moral definition of the categories "gender", "race", and "work with legal definitions regarding defendants? and victims? responsibilities. Data from cases judging a total of 133 people by four juries in the city of Rio de Janeiro in 1993 are analyzed by means of statistical methods and the Galois lattice (applied in the formal analysis of qualitative data). This combination of methodologies seeks to address in empirical fashion theoretical problems related to structuration theory and other theories on social structure and practices.
Drawing on the analysis of statistics regarding Intimate Partner Violence collected on a large scale at the level of the Belgian prosecutors’ offices, the article reveals a wide gap between the zero ...tolerance rhetoric conveyed in the normative discourse and actual implementation, which is generally weak and showing divergent judicial practices in the field. Faced with this dilemma, the highly contestable impact of the zero tolerance policy observed in preventing recidivism offers a substantial argument to revisit the role of the criminal justice system in this area.
Este trabalho procura entender, a partir da descrição de práticas judiciárias observadas nos Tribunais das Justiças Penal e Civil da Capital Argentina, o significado e a percepção jurídica acerca da ...oralidade processual. O objetivo da pesquisa empírica realizada foi lançar um olhar jurídico e brasileiro sobre as manifestações orais do processo argentino. Na Capital Argentina, o discurso jurídico produzido sobre a oralidade está atrelado, exclusivamente, à Justiça Penal. Todavia, o trabalho de campo permitiu perceber que existem manifestações orais também na Justiça Civil da Capital Federal de Buenos Aires. Os dados empíricos sugerem que a restrição do estudo da oralidade ao âmbito penal se vincula, especialmente, ao critério presencial e obrigatório da figura do Juiz na audiência, que não ocorre no processo civil, onde a sua presidência é, normalmente, delegada a funcionários. Este paper pretende apresentar, além de descrições, algumas perguntas sobre a administração judicial de conflitos em Buenos Aires.Este trabajo busca entender, desde la descripción de prácticas judiciales observadas en los Tribunales Civiles y Penales de la Capital Argentina, el significado jurídico y la percepción sobre el tema de la oralidad procesal. El objetivo de la investigación empírica fue lanzar una mirada jurídica y brasileña sobre las manifestaciones orales del proceso argentino. En la Capital Argentina, el discurso jurídico que se produce sobre el tema de la oralidad sólo focaliza la atención en la Justicia Penal. Sin embargo, el trabajo de campo permitió perceber que hay manifestaciones orales también en la Justicia Civil de la Capital Federal de Buenos Aires. Los datos empíricos sugieren que la restricción del estudio de la oralidad en lo ámbito penal tiene vinculación, sobre todo, con la obligación de la presencia fisica del juez en el juicio, distinto de lo que ocurre en el proceso civil, donde, por lo general, la presidencia de las audiencias es delegada a los funcionarios del juzgado. Este trabajo se propone a presentar, junto con las descripciones, algunas preguntas acerca de la administración de los conflictos en Buenos Aires.This paper aims to understand, from the description of practices observed in the criminal and civil judicial courts in the Capital of Argentina, the meaning and the percepction about the legal oral proceedings. The objective of empirical research that I realized was to look at oral manifestations that can occur in the argentine courts from a brazilian perception. In Argentine's capital city, the legal discourse produced about of the orality is links exclusively to Criminal Justice. However, the ethnography shows that there are oral manifestations also at Civil Justice level. Empirical data suggest that the restriction of the study of orality at the criminal trials is linked the presence of the judge, that in criminal trials is obligatory, but in the civil trials isn´t it, already as in these cases is delegated to civil servents. This paper intends to present, together with descriptions, some questions about the jurisdiction in Buenos Aires.
La loi relative au « surendettement » des particuliers et des familles dite « loi Neiertz » a été mise en œuvre le 1er mars 1990. Cette loi vise à résoudre les situations liées à un endettement ...excessif, d'en atténuer les effets négatifs et d'éviter l'engrenage de l'exclusion. Elle porte en germe un contentieux important et un rôle novateur pour le juge qui devient gestionnaire de dettes dans un intérêt économique et social. Elle n'a pas été accueillie de manière uniforme par les magistrats. Il convient donc de comprendre et d'expliquer les mécanismes des divergences constatées tout en mettant à jour les incidences que celles-ci ont eues sur le plan de l'application de la loi.
Judges' Reticence Toward the Application of Social Laws.
The "Neiertz law" relating to the debt overburden of private individuals or families has been in place since lst mardi 1990. This legislation tries to resolve situations brought about by debt overburden, to diminish its negative effects and avoid the trap of exclusion. Its bears an important seed of contention and gives an innovative role to the judge who becomes debt manager out of economic and social concern. The "Neiertz law" has not been equally accepted by ail magistrates. This paper attempts to understand and explain the workings of these noted differences as well as disclosing the incidences that these differences have had upon the application of the law.
S'interrogeant sur la transformation des rapports entre magistrature et politique, à la faveur des scandales politiques français des années 1990, cet article pointe les mécanismes de distanciation et ...de défamiliarisation des univers judiciaire et politique, qui constituent une condition de possibilité de l'action des magistrats dans ce contexte. On ne peut cependant expliquer pleinement cette dernière qu'en prêtant attention à l'enchaînement des pratiques dans le cours même des « affaires ». Si les activités judiciaires prennent appui sur une première différenciation des espaces judiciaire et politique, des processus d'autonomisation de l'univers judiciaire sont à nouveau à l'œuvre dans le cours des scandales.
Political Scandals and the Changing Relations between Judges and Political Actors.
This study analyses the changing relationships between political and judicial actors, and the transformation of judicial activities in the context of recent political scandals in France. It is argued that the gulf existing between the political and judicial worlds forals a condition of possibility of judicial practices but not an explanation. According to this point, judicial practices are based on a previous differentiation of judicial and political spheres, but one of the main effects of political scandals can be found in the autonomisation process of the judicial world that is again at stake in the context of these mobilisations.
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