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Pendant drop tensiometry offers a simple and elegant solution to determining surface and interfacial tension – a central parameter in many colloidal systems including emulsions, foams ...and wetting phenomena. The technique involves the acquisition of a silhouette of an axisymmetric fluid droplet, and iterative fitting of the Young–Laplace equation that balances gravitational deformation of the drop with the restorative interfacial tension. Since the advent of high-quality digital cameras and desktop computers, this process has been automated with high speed and precision. However, despite its beguiling simplicity, there are complications and limitations that accompany pendant drop tensiometry connected with both Bond number (the balance between interfacial tension and gravitational forces) and drop volume. Here, we discuss the process involved with going from a captured experimental image to a fitted interfacial tension value, highlighting pertinent features and limitations along the way. We introduce a new parameter, the Worthington number, Wo, to characterise the measurement precision. A fully functional, open-source acquisition and fitting software is provided to enable the reader to test and develop the technique further.
•Affordable approaches are available for all aspects of the phenotyping pipeline.•Affordable and precise high-throughput phenotyping is not incompatible.•RGB imagers allow a wide range of phenotyping ...applications.•Smartphones may work as affordable and flexible phenotypic platforms.•Open-source applications allow compilation and processing of data via a remotely managed aggregate server.
Breeding is one of the central pillars of adaptation of crops to climate change. However, phenotyping is a key bottleneck that is limiting breeding efficiency. The awareness of phenotyping as a breeding limitation is not only sustained by the lack of adequate approaches, but also by the perception that phenotyping is an expensive activity. Phenotyping is not just dependent on the choice of appropriate traits and tools (e.g. sensors) but relies on how these tools are deployed on their carrying platforms, the speed and volume of data extraction and analysis (throughput), the handling of spatial variability and characterization of environmental conditions, and finally how all the information is integrated and processed. Affordable high throughput phenotyping aims to achieve reasonably priced solutions for all the components comprising the phenotyping pipeline. This mini-review will cover current and imminent solutions for all these components, from the increasing use of conventional digital RGB cameras, within the category of sensors, to open-access cloud-structured data processing and the use of smartphones. Emphasis will be placed on field phenotyping, which is really the main application for day-to-day phenotyping.
Abstract
This project involves a robot that can autonomously recycle desktop tablewar e, especially a robot that uses RGB-D cameras and uses simultaneous positioning and mapping technology (SLAM).
Pengambilan gambar dengan menggunakan banyak kamera digunakan untuk mengambil gambar dengan dua atau lebih kamera, pada setiap pengambilan gambar dari suatu adegan yang sama dengan hasil sudut ...pandang yang berbeda. Sehingga sumber daya manusia akan banyak yang terlibat. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan aplikasi yang memudahkan teknik pengambilan gambar oleh kamera dan mengurangi keterlibatan sumber daya manusia, maka tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah terciptanya sistem kendali pergerakan kamera menggunakan kendali berbasis Android. Metode yang digunakan adalah riset dan pengembangan yang meliputi pembuatan hardware, pembuatan software, pengujian, dan pengambilan data. Dalam pengujian data meliputi pengujian gerakan pan, tilt, dan zoom dengan mecari tigkat presentasi error dan akurasi dan pengujian jarak pairing bluetooth. Pengujian menggunakan smartphone android sebagai pengendali. Hasil penelitian pada gerakan pan right tingkat error dengan rata-rata 5,55% dan akurasi dengan rata-rata 94,45%, dan untuk gerakan pan left tingkat error dengan rata-rata 4,99% dan akurasi dengan rata-rata 95,01%. Pada gerakan tilt up tingkat error dengan rata-rata 7,90% dan tingkat akurasi rata-rata 92,10%, gerakan tilt down tingkat error dengan rata-rata 3,99% dan tingkat akurasi rata-rata 96,01% Pada zoom in tingkat error dengan rata-rata 5,25% dan tingkat akurasi 94,75%. Pada pengujian zoom out tingkat error dengan rata-rata 4,57% dan nilai tingkat akurasi 95,43%. Dan untuk pengujian jarak pairing bluetooth pada ruang terbuka sampai pada jarak 64 meter dan pengujian jarak pairing pada ruang tertutup sampai pada jarak 9 meter.
Pengamatan hama dan penyakit tanaman umumnya dilakukan dengan mencari gejala visual untuk setiap sasaran tertentu. Teknologi pertanian 4.0 mulai digunakan untuk pengembangan metode deteksi penyakit ...tanaman. Dilaporkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan warna dan suhu antara tanaman sakit dengan tanaman sehat yang dapat direkam oleh kamera termal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi kamera termal FLIR One Pro- IOS untuk merekam perbedaan warna dan suhu antara tanaman cabai terinfeksi virus dan tanaman sehat. Tanaman cabai di rumah kaca yang diinokulasi Pepper yellow leaf curl virus (PYLCV) mengalami kenaikan suhu pada 3 hari setelah inokulasi (HSI) (28.62 ℃) dibandingkan dengan tanaman yang tidak diinokulasi PYLCV (27.32 ℃). Perekaman citra digital sampel daun tanaman cabai dari lapangan menunjukkan suhu yang lebih tinggi pada tanaman yang terinfeksi beberapa jenis virus (Chilli veinal mottle virus, Pepper mottle virus dan PYLCV) dibandingkan yang terinfeksi virus secara tunggal. Rata-rata suhu terendah dan tertinggi tercatat pada sampel tanaman yang terinfeksi PepMV (17.74 ℃) dan terinfeksi campuran oleh PYLCV dan ChiVMV (25.68 ℃). Citra digital tanaman yang terinfeksi virus cenderung menunjukkan dominasi warna kuning terang, sedangkan tanaman bebas virus menunjukkan dominasi warna ungu gelap. Analisis lebih lanjut mengonfirmasi bilangan digital yang lebih tinggi untuk citra tanaman sakit dibandingkan dengan tanaman sehat. Metode termografi berpotensi menjadi metode deteksi dini karena dapat mendeteksi infeksi virus sebelum gejala visual muncul.
This study focuses on the clustering of the indentation-induced interlaminar and intralaminar damages in carbon/epoxy laminated composites using Acoustic Emission (AE) technique. Two quasi-isotropic ...specimens with layups of 60/0/-604S (is named dispersed specimen) and 604/04/-604S (is named blocked specimen) were fabricated and subjected to a quasi-static indentation loading. The mechanical data, digital camera and ultrasonic C-scan images of the damaged specimens showed different damage evolution behaviors for the blocked and dispersed specimens. Then, the AE signals of the specimens were clustered for tracking the evolution behavior of different damage mechanisms. In order to select a reliable clustering method, the performance of six different clustering methods consisting of k-Means, Genetic k-Means, Fuzzy C-Means, Self-Organizing Map (SOM), Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM), and hierarchical model were compared. The results illustrated that hierarchical model has the best performance in clustering of AE signals. Finally, the evolution behavior of each damage mechanism was investigated by the clustered AE signals with hierarchical model. The results of this study show that using AE technique with an appropriate clustering method such as hierarchical model could be an applicable tool for structural health monitoring of composite structures.
•A 3D-DIC method capable of determining full-field deformation with rotating structure was proposed.•Full-field displacement and strain tests were performed on a 5 kw, 4 m diameter wind turbine.•A ...fault detection method was proposed based on relative deformation of the turbine blades during operation.•A diagnosis of the blade health was conducted in both the time and frequency domains.•The approach can serve as an effective non-contact method for health monitoring of wind turbine blades.
Wind turbine blades are subjected to fluctuating loads during operation, which makes them vulnerable to reduced performance and mechanical failures. In addition, the maintenance of blades is time-consuming and expensive. In this paper, a novel and economic optical technique based on three-dimensional digital image correlation (3D-DIC) is described for monitoring the health of wind turbine blades. A fault detection method is proposed based on the relative deformation of the turbine blades during operation. To validate the approach, a 5 kw wind turbine with 4 m diameter was evaluated using 3D-DIC. The rotor blades were prepared with a random black-and-white pattern of dots and two digital cameras were located in front of the wind turbine to document the rotor blade deformation. The full-field dynamic parameters of displacement and strain were obtained and a diagnosis of the blade health was conducted in both the time and frequency domains. Results showed that 3D-DIC can serve as an effective non-contact method for monitoring the health of wind turbine blades during operation.
Fluorescence imaging techniques involving chemical sensors are essential tools in many fields of science and technology because they enable the visualization of parameters which exhibit no intrinsic ...color or fluorescence, for example, oxygen, pH value, CO2, H2O2, Ca2+, or temperature, to name just a few. This Review aims to highlight the state of the art of fluorescence sensing and imaging, starting from a comprehensive overview of the basic functional principles of fluorescent probes (or indicators) and the design of sensor materials. The focus is directed towards the progress made in the development of multiple sensors and methods for their signal read out. Imaging methods involving optical sensors are applied in quite diverse scientific areas, such as medical research, aerodynamics, and marine research.
The art of sensorship: Fluorescence imaging methods in combination with optical chemical sensors enable the visualization of flows on surfaces (see picture), temperature gradients, and the two‐dimensional distribution of certain chemical species (O2, H+, metal ions, H2O2) at an interface. This Review highlights the design of sensor materials, including nanoprobes, and the development of multiple sensors and their signal readout.
The content of this work is the development of a localization system, which enables several driverless transport vehicles to navigate locally in a highly flexible and free way. The ceiling mounted ...sensor system detects and analyzes objects within the field of view. The detected properties of all objects are made available via an interface and enable vehicles to identify themselves and navigate freely without a sensor mounted on the vehicle.
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•Thermochromic membrane has temperature indication and energy storage performance.•The thermochromic response of the hydrophobic membrane is sensitive and reversible.•The ...thermochromic membrane exhibits excellent reversible thermal cycling property.•A facile temperature colorimeter with heat storage was designed and fabricated.
A series of facile flexible reversible thermochromic membranes containing micro/nanoencapsulated phase change materials were fabricated, which presented excellent thermochromic performance and striking latent heat storage property. In this composite membrane, the polyvinyl alcohol/water-soluble polyurethane composite was served as polymer matrix material, and the reversible thermochromic micro/nanoencapsulated phase change materials (TC-M/NPCMs) which energy storage efficiency reached 67.5%, were served as functional fillers. Moreover, trimesoyl chloride was used for modifying the water resistance of thermochromic membranes. The effects of TC-M/NPCMs contents on the morphology, thermochromic performance, thermal property, thermal stability and thermal cyclic durability of flexible thermochromic membranes were experimentally investigated using field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), digital camera, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), et al. The results revealed that TC-M/NPCMs were distributed evenly in matrix membranes. The color of these obtained flexible thermochromic membranes could change in response to variation of external ambient temperature and thus presenting perfect thermochromic performance. As TC-M/NPCMs content increased, the mechanical property and thermal stability of membranes declined, while the enthalpy raised. In addition, the static water contact angles (WCAs) analysis indicated that the water resistance enhanced greatly after surface modification. Furthermore, thermochromic membranes still exhibited worth mentioning thermal cyclic durability undergoing 100 heating and cooling cycles. A facile temperature colorimeter was designed and fabricated, by using the flexible thermochromic membrane with heat storage and temperature regulation property, which could be served as a promising wearable temperature sensor. Hence, the application of the prepared thermochromic membrane in thermal regulation, energy storage and wearable temperature sensor has great potential in the future.
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