Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan kajian pengambilan gambar panorama virtual reality dengan smartphone sekaligus memberikan hasil uji gambar yang diambil menggunakan sensor kamera yang umum ...digunakan dipasaran yaitu Sony, Samsung dan OmniVision. Pengujian dilakukan dengan lima atribut pengujian yaitu: Tone reproduction, Color Reproduction, Seamlessness, Noise Level dan Detail. Intrumen pengujian yang digunakan adalah Aplikasi QIVET. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bagaimana hasil evaluasi gambar yang dihasilkan masing-masing sensor
Recently, allosteric transcription factors (TFs) were identified as a novel class of biorecognition elements for in vitro sensing, whereby an indicator of the differential binding affinity between a ...TF and its cognate DNA exhibits dose‐dependent responsivity to an analyte. Described is a modular bead‐based biosensor design that can be applied to such TF‐DNA‐analyte systems. DNA‐functionalized beads enable efficient mixing and spatial separation, while TF‐labeled semiconductor quantum dots serve as bright fluorescent indicators of the TF‐DNA bound (on bead) and unbound states. The prototype sensor for derivatives of the antibiotic tetracycline exhibits nanomolar sensitivity with visual detection of bead fluorescence. Facile changes to the sensor enable sensor response tuning without necessitating changes to the biomolecular affinities. Assay components self‐assemble, and readout by eye or digital camera is possible within 5 minutes of analyte addition, making sensor use facile, rapid, and instrument‐free.
The allosteric transcription factor TetR acts as a sensor and actuator in this quantum dot enabled fluorescent bead assay for the small molecule anhydrotetracycline. This rapid, antibody‐free biosensor produces a visible change in fluorescent color, which can be detected by eye or with an inexpensive digital camera, based on dose‐dependent analyte‐responsive protein‐DNA binding. The adaptable sensor uses easily accessible biomolecular components.
The breakup dynamics of the viscoelastic dispersed thread for droplet formation in a flow-focusing device was investigated by using a high-speed digital camera. Four breakup regimes of the ...viscoelastic thread were observed: besides the thread rupturing at both ends or at the downstream end likewise in Newtonian fluid, the breakup could also occur at the upstream end, displaying two additional patterns. For each breakup type, the breakup of the viscoelastic thread could be divided into a “flow-driven” stage controlled by the inertia of the dispersed phase and the dynamical radial pressure of the continuous phase, and an “elastocapillary” stage controlled by the elastic and capillary forces. The “elastocapillary” stage includes the stretching process and the fluid drainage process, depending on whether the balance between the elastic forces and the capillary forces reaches or not. The differences in breakup dynamics and liquid-liquid interface shape for the four breakup types depend exclusively on the elasticity of the viscoelastic thread.
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•Viscoelasticity effect on thread breakup in a flow-focusing device was studied.•Four breakup types were classified based on the rupture position of the thread.•Breakup dynamics includes flow-driven and elastocapillary stages.•Dynamics of neck thinning and stretching of viscoelastic thread was studied.•Evolution of the interfacial shape of the dispersed thread was investigated.
Spout characteristics, such as flow pattern, minimum spouting velocity, and maximum spoutable bed height, are investigated in a wet conical-cylindrical spouted bed. Water and glass beads (Geldart D ...type) are adopted as the liquid and solid phases, respectively. The evolution of flow pattern of a wet spouted bed is captured by a CCD camera. The experimental results indicate that the minimum spouting velocity decreases when increasing the liquid saturation. The increase of initial bed height, particle size, or spout nozzle size leads to increased minimum spouting velocities. A correlation is formulated based on the experiments results for the prediction of minimum spouting velocities of wet spouted beds. Moreover, it is found that the maximum spoutable bed height H max decreases as particle size or spout nozzle diameter increases. However, H max is almost constant, approximately 1.5 times higher than that of its corresponding dry spouted bed, when increasing the liquid saturation.
•Sand-turbulence interaction in a high-Re turbulent boundary layer under net sedimentation conditions is studied via a large field-of-view 2D PIV/PTV.•With a non-equilibrium transport in the ...near-wall region, a critical layer is found to partition the kinematical characteristics of the motion of solid particles with high inertia.•The critical layer might be a good indicator of the upper bound of the particle saltation process.•The small-scale turbulent motions, i.e., the near-wall burst events, of the gas phase are attenuated by solid particles.•Large-scale motions (LSMs) in the log layer of the turbulent boundary layer, which are not affected by the dilute particles, are found to play an important role in the particle saltation process.
Simultaneous two-phase particle image/tracking velocimetry (PIV/PTV) measurements are conducted on a particle-laden turbulent boundary layer (TBL) over a horizontal smooth-flat plate under net sedimentation conditions. Dilute desert sand grains with a median diameter of 203 μm and bulk volume fraction of O(10−5) are used as the discrete phase, and the characteristic Reynolds number of the TBL is relatively high (Reτ = 5500 based on the friction velocity uτ and boundary layer thickness δ). The two-dimensional velocity filed in the streamwise/wall-normal plane is measured by four CCD cameras aligned along the streamwise direction, which resolves a wide spectrum of the scales, ranging from small-scale energetic eddies to large-scale motions (LSMs) in the TBL. An improved phase separation algorithm and discrete particle matching method are developed for two-phase measurements. The results presented here provide new information concerning the effect of high-inertia particles with a dilute concentration on wall-bounded turbulence, especially at high Re. Analysis of the velocity spectrum of the gas phase reveals, for the first time, that the presence of sand grains with a size on the order of the Kolmogorov length scale attenuates turbulence fluctuation by suppressing small-scale sweep-ejection cycles in the near-wall region. A critical layer (y/δ = 0.12 or y+ = 670) is found to partition the streamwise evolution of both the local concentration and the streamwise mean velocity of the sand grains into a non-equilibrium near-wall region and a quasi-parallel outer region. In addition, a balance between the strength and probability between the sweep and ejection events of sand grains is reached at this layer. Such a critical layer might be a good indicator of the upper bound of the particle saltation process, in which LSMs are believed to play a significant role.
To study rock spalling in deep tunnels at China Jinping Underground Laboratory Phase II (CJPL-II), photogrammetry method and digital borehole camera were used to quantify key features of rock ...spalling including orientation, thickness of slabs and the depth of spalling. The failure mechanism was analysed through scanning electron microscope and numerical simulation based on FLAC
3D
. Observation results clearly showed the process of rock spalling failure: a typical spalling pattern around D-shaped tunnels after top-heading and bottom bench were discovered. The orientation and thickness of the slabs were obtained. The slabs were parallel to the excavated surfaces of the tunnel and were related to the shape of the tunnel surface and orientation of the principal stress. The slabs were alternately thick and thin, and they gradually increased in thickness from the sidewall inwards. The form and mechanism of spalling at different locations in the tunnels, as influenced by stress state and excavation, were analysed. The result of this study was helpful to those rethinking the engineering design, including the excavation and support of tunnels, or caverns, at high risk of spalling.
In this study, spontaneous capillary imbibition into an air-filled transparent etched silicon-glass micro-model is investigated by optical imaging under ambient conditions for mixtures of ethanol and ...water. Images of the micro-model are acquired by a high-speed CCD camera. The binarized images allow us to obtain the overall imbibition kinetics and the time evolution of the phase distribution. A pore network with the structure parameters of the physical micro-model is generated, and a wetting algorithm that combines several pore-level liquid transport rules is developed to simulate the spontaneous imbibition of the liquid mixture into the network. The pore network simulations are able to reproduce the effects observed in the micro-model experiments. The influence of spatially correlated structural features on the imbibition dynamics is studied by further pore network simulations, and pore structures that cause weak or strong capillary imbibition are identified. The results of wetting simulations are shown for situations which cannot be treated by the Lucas–Washburn equation.
•Wetting experiments with an etched micro model for mixtures of ethanol and water.•Imbibition kinetics of water mixtures can be described by the Lucas–Washburn.•Development of a pore network model for spontaneous capillary imbibition.•Comparison of optical experimental results with pore network simulations.•Influence of pore structure on the imbibition dynamics by network simulations.
Both a wireless electrochemiluminescence (ECL) electrode microarray chip and the dramatic increase in ECL by embedding a diode in an electromagnetic receiver coil have been first reported. The newly ...designed device consists of a chip and a transmitter. The chip has an electromagnetic receiver coil, a mini-diode, and a gold electrode array. The mini-diode can rectify alternating current into direct current and thus enhance ECL intensities by 18 thousand times, enabling a sensitive visual detection using common cameras or smart phones as low cost detectors. The detection limit of hydrogen peroxide using a digital camera is comparable to that using photomultiplier tube (PMT)-based detectors. Coupled with a PMT-based detector, the device can detect luminol with higher sensitivity with linear ranges from 10 nM to 1 mM. Because of the advantages including high sensitivity, high throughput, low cost, high portability, and simplicity, it is promising in point of care testing, drug screening, and high throughput analysis.
Energetic cocrystals are a new class of materials that consist of two or more energetic molecules in a crystal structure. The multicomponent cocrystals can possess significantly different properties ...than either component, and therefore it is possible that their ignition behavior could be different than a physical mixture. In this paper, we report the time to ignition and reaction dynamics of various energetic materials, including select cocrystal materials under CO2 laser heating. An effort was made to minimize the amount of material used in comparison to previous laser ignition studies due to the limited availability of materials. The 1:1 molar Trinitrotoluene (TNT): Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20) produced by slurry or precipitation methods and 1:2 molar cyclotetramethylene-tetranitramine (HMX):CL-20 produced by slurry or resonant mixing methods were investigated along with the individual constituents and equivalent molar physical mixes. Pressed cylindrical pellets with diameters of 3.2 mm and heights between 1 and 2 mm were ignited at irradiances ranging from 310 to 1446 W/cm2. Visual imaging was performed with a high speed camera and ultraviolet (UV) spectral data were collected with a spectrometer coupled to a streak camera. Additionally, high speed schlieren imaging was performed to investigate the ignition dynamics prior to light generation. Specific species identified with the spectrometer include OH and CN, which coincide with the observation of the secondary flame as indicated from schlieren and first-light in the visual video record. All the cocrystallized materials ignited in a similar manner to CL-20 with comparable times to secondary flame formation, but the cocrystallized materials were found to have a shorter onset to gasification than the constituents or physical mixtures.
Chemiluminescence (CL) has been widely applied in many fields, but it is rarely used in a very simple, economical but effective way. In this work, for the first time, the CL cloth-based glucose test ...sensors (CCGTSs) are developed as a new class of CL glucose sensors, with no need for complicated, expensive device fabrication and peripheral equipment. When integrated with desirable hydrophobic barrier in the flow channel and gravity/capillary flow induced by a difference in height between the loading zone and the detection zone, a single cloth-based device can perform the whole CL process involving two steps of enzyme reactions. The wax screen-printing approach is used to fabricate ultra-cheap CCGTSs, the glucose detection involves the enzymatic oxidation of glucose to gluconic acid and H2O2 followed by the horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-catalyzed oxidation of luminol by H2O2, and the emitted CL signals are heightened with p-iodophenol (PIP) and imaged using an inexpensive, portable CCD camera. Under optimized conditions, glucose can be determined over the range of 0.1–100mM, with a detection limit of 0.0948mM and an analysis time of less than 5.5min. Finally, the applicability and validity of the CCGTSs are demonstrated for the measurement of glucose in clinical urine and serum samples. Thus, the proposed sensors could provide great promise in applications in many areas, and may facilitate the achievement of point-of-care testing.
•The chemiluminescence cloth-based glucose test sensors have been first proposed.•The facile wax screen-printing was used for patterning of cloth-based devices.•A low-cost and portable system was developed for the luminescence measurement.•The sensors could provide quantitative, sensitive and rapid determination of glucose.•The sensors were applied for determination of glucose in urine and serum samples.
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