Information communication technologies are widely used to support sustainable development. As both nature and society exist and develop in the geographic space, a good decision making can hardly be ...imagined without a prior thorough analysis of spatio-temporal distribution and spatial correlation of diverse ecological, economical and social parameters. Wherever such geospatial relationships are concerned, the methods of geography as of a geographic information science are commonly applied, among which cartography is the most efficient information communication method. Different levels of representation of geographic information, such as databases, geographic information systems (GIS), maps, atlases and Spatial Data Infrastructures can be easily and conveniently used for different steps of planning. More than that, maps have a hidden potential to reveal unknown spatial patterns and trends and the process does not require any specific technological skills from the user. Therefore it is very important to include geographic/cartographic dimension into regional and national sustainable development strategies, so that spatial structures, diversities, similarities and geographic determination are always taken into account. To facilitate the process of geographic decision making, we develop a uniform model of description of geographic methods that could be used online and provide suggestions on which of the known methods could be efficiently applied.
The data quality of topographic maps involves a degree of deviations of geometric and thematic content from their actual position and status in nature, respectively. For determining the geometric ...accuracy, comparative way of testing is usually applied, namely the comparison of measured values of topographic maps with "true" or "conditionally true" values (numeric data of positional and elevation network or data of a map in a larger scale, where the content errors of individual elements could be neglected in comparison due to differences in the scale of mapping). This method gives a direct accuracy assessment of printed maps and reproduction originals, as opposed to the experimental method which considers and determines errors in certain phases in the process of making topographic maps. Geometric, and to a large extent thematic accuracy of topographic maps are not always reliable enough and depend on the way of surveying and the type of contents, i.e. from geodetic control points, which are more accurate, to vegetation whose positional accuracy is the worst.
Geografska imena vlastita su imena geografskih objekata. Utemeljena su u prostoru koji imenuju pa su nositelji mnogih geografskih sadržaja. Pravilnim iščitavanjem mogu objasniti i uputiti na ...geografske pojave i procese. Stoga u posljednjim desetljećima postaju temom geografskih istraživanja. Svrha je rada predstaviti i ocijeniti odnos hrvatskih geografa prema toponimima. Pregledom hrvatske geografske literature o toponimima izdvojilo se više aspekata proučavanja toponima – jezikoslovni i pet geografskih (kartografski, političkogeografski, historijsko-geografski, kulturno-geografski, teorijsko-metodološki) – i dva pristupa u istraživanjima toponima (toponimi kao sredstvo za identifikaciju, komunikaciju i orijentaciju i kao izvor istraživanja). Uočeno je da se u posljednjih 120 godina toponimima ozbiljnije bavilo tek desetak hrvatskih geografa, što znači da nisu prepoznati kao relevantna istraživačka tema ni kao izvor podataka u istraživanjima. Primijećeno je da se tretman toponima u posljednjih dvadesetak godina poboljšava.
Stare geografske karte dragocjen su izvor različitih prostornih podataka, a među njima i onih koji se odnose na gospodarska obilježja prikazanog prostora. Zrcale geografske spoznaje o prostoru ...prikazivanja, kartografske postupke i tehnike te namjeru njihova autora ili ustanova koje su potaknule ili organizirale njihovu izradu. Premda su nastali u epohi koja je prethodila standardizaciji i institucionalizaciji postupaka prikupljanja, obrade i grafičke vizualizacije geografskih sadržaja, a koji su rezultirali većom točnošću i vjerodostojnošću karata, ranonovovjekovni kartografski izvori s prikazima sjeverne Dalmacije imaju odgovarajuću dokumentarnu vrijednost. Na primjeru odabranih karata utvrđeno je da je riječ o prvorazrednim izvorima za istraživanje ekonomske prošlosti sjeverne Dalmacije koji u korelaciji s pisanim arhivskim izvorima čine komplementarnu cjelinu. Ona, dakako, ne omogućuje potpunu rekonstrukciju ekonomskih obilježja i procesa tijekom ranoga novog vijeka, ali umnogome upotpunjuje korpus spoznaja o tom aspektu razvoja zadarske i šibenske regije u kojima su poljodjelstvo, stočarstvo, ribarstvo te proizvodnja soli i vapna činili produktivnu jezgru gospodarskog sustava koja je pokretana i umrežavana u ekonomsko-geografski sustav Sredozemlja putem pomorstva i s njim katalizirane razmjene ideja, dobara i usluga.
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Žemėlapyje vaizduojama Lenkijos karalystė ir Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė bei Lietuvos Didžiojo Kunigaikščio Vytauto Didžiojo ...vykdyti kariniai žygiai. Žemėlapio legenda atspausdinta prancūzų kalba, vietovardžiai lenkų kalba. Vienas lapas.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
The monograph presents different names of Piran Bay (Slo. Piranski zaliv) over time. Despite the leading onomastic topic, the publication is designed as a regional-geographic review of Piran Bay and ...its hinterland, where all the main physical- and socio-geographical characteristics are presented. This book describes the basic hydro-geographic characteristics of Piran Bay as a part of Gulf of Trieste and the Adriatic Sea. The monograph talks about the historical development, salt making in Sečovlje salt pans and the circumstances that led to the now more than two decades-long border dispute between Slovenia and Croatia. A significant chapter is dedicated to the presentation of the different naming of the Bay of Piran through time. According to the chronological order, 104 different cartographic sources present the name changes of the Piran Bay through time and when a certain specific geographic name appeared. Based on media analysis, one of the chapters describes the relation between the names Savudrijska vala or Savudrijski zaljev (Savudrija Bay) and Piranski zaliv or Piranski zaljev (Piran Bay).
Unified geo-reference data model is a very important part of national geographic information management. It has been developed within the project of Lithuanian geographic information infrastructure ...in 2006–2008. This model allows automated integration of large scale (mainly municipality) geo-reference data into the unified national geo-reference database. It is based on unique object identifiers across all geo-reference databases and on standard update and harmonisation procedures. The common stages of harmonisation of geo-reference databases at different scales include: implementation of a unique identifier of geographic objects across all databases concerned; definition of the life cycle of the objects; definition of cohesion boundary and of the harmonisation points along the boundary; maintenance of the local database and automatic update of the national database using special service. When implemented, such model will significantly facilitate maintenance of national geo-reference database and in five years from full implementation will have a significant economic effect.
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Trakų apskrities, Kietaviškių valsčiaus Abromiškės dvaro, priklausiusio Vilgelmui, Liucijonui ir Karoliui Broel-Pliateriams, 1923 m. ...Žemės tvarkymo ir matavimo departamento atlikto parceliacijos plano nuorašas. Nuorašas atliktas 1933 m. gruodžio 2 d. Nuorašas patvirtintas Žemės tvarkymo departamento direktoriaus inžinieriaus parašu. Plane įvardinti gretimų žemių savininkai. Dalis plano nuplyšę ir neišlikę. Vienas lapas. Legenda parašyta lietuvių kalba.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Zemljišne evidencije na području Istre imaju vrlo dugu tradiciju, a najstarije međunjima sežu u 15. stoljeće. Iako u vrijeme mletačke uprave, osobito tijekom 18. stoljeća, nastaje sve veći broj ...katastika pojedinačnih posjeda javne, crkvene i privatne naravi, mletačke vlasti nikada nisu provele sustavnu zemljišnu izmjeru Istre niti su sastavile cjelovit katastar zemljišta. To će se dogoditi tek uspostavom austrijske vlasti početkom 19. stoljeća. Prva sustavna katastarska izmjera Austrijskoga Carstva, koja je započela Naredbom o uvođenju stabilnoga katastra 23. prosinca 1817., u sklopu koje je 1817. – 1820. i Istra dobila svoj prvi potpuni katastar, označava važnu prekretnicu u povijesti zemljišnih evidencija na području čitave središnje Europe. Uspješnost projekta provođenja sustavne katastarske izmjere te formiranja Franciskanskoga katastra za sve zemlje Austrijskoga Carstva temeljila se na stoljeće dugom iskustvu zemljišnih izmjera i formiranja zemljišnih evidencija koje su austrijske vlasti provodile u pojedinim zemljama pod svojom vlašću. U radu su razmatrani preteče i uzori Franciskanskoga katastra Istre s težištem na njegovu metodološkom ishodištu u milanskom Censimentu te principima izmjere i kartiranja koje je uspostavio Johann Jakob Marinoni. Analiziran je i utjecaj Terezijanskoga (1747. – 1756.), Jozefinskoga (1785. – 1790.) i Bavarskoga katastra (1808. – 1867.), koji su također imali odjeke ne samo na razvoj i formiranje Franciskanskoga katastra već i na sam sustav modernizacije države i njezina poreznoga sustava.
Il sistema catastale tavolare in Istria ha una tradizione molto antica e risale ancora al XV secolo. Anche se un numero sempre maggiore di catastici che registravano le singole proprietà di carattere pubblico, ecclesiastico e privato apparve già sotto il dominio veneziano, e in special modo durante il XVIII secolo, il governo veneziano non effettuò mai un rilevamento catastale sistematico del territorio istriano o costituì un catasto completo per il territorio. Per realizzarlo, bisognerà attendere l’istituzione dell’amministrazione austriaca all’inizio del XIX secolo. Il primo rilevamento catastale sistematico dell’Impero austriaco svolto in base alla sovrana patente del 23 dicembre 1817 che prevedeva la formazione di un catasto stabile in tutte le province, contesto in cui tra il 1817 e il 1820 anche l’Istria ebbe il suo primo catasto completo, designa un’importante svolta nella storia dei rilevamenti catastali sul territorio dell’intera Europa centrale. Il successo del progetto riferito ad un rilevamento catastale sistematico e alla formazione del Catasto Franceschino per tutte le province dell’Impero austriaco si fondava su un’esperienza secolare di rilevamenti e sulla costituzione di evidenze catastali realizzate dalle autorità austriache nei singoli territori del proprio dominio. In questo articolo vengono presi in considerazione i precursori e i modelli seguiti per la creazione del Catasto Franceschino in Istria, soprattutto il Censimento milanese quale suo modello metodologico e i principi di rilevamento e mappatura istituiti da Johann Jakob Marinoni. Qui viene analizzata anche l’influenza dei catasti Teresiano (1747 – 1756), Giuseppino (1785 – 1790) e Bavarese (1808 – 1867) che non influirono soltanto sullo sviluppo e la formazione del Catasto Franceschino ma anche sul processo di modernizzazione dello stato e del suo sistema fiscale.
Land records, with the maps attached, have a very long tradition in Istria and the oldest among them date back to the 15th century. Although during the Venetian administration emerged, especially during the 18th century, an increasing number of cadastres of individual estates of public, ecclesiastical and of private nature, the Venetian authorities never carried out a systematic cadastral survey of Istria or compiled a complete land register. This wouldn’t happen until the establishment of Austrian rule in the early 19th century. The first systematic cadastral survey of the Austrian Empire, also known as Franciscan cadastral survey, was initiated by issuing of the Patent on Stable Cadastre (Patent über die Einführung des stabilen Katasters) on 23 December 1817. Within the Franciscan survey, between 1817 and 1820, Istria received its first complete cadastre, marking an important milestone in the history of land records throughout Central Europe. The success of the project of conducting a systematic cadastral survey and the formation of the Franciscan cadastre for all countries of the Austrian Empire was based on a century of experience in land surveying and with creating the land records which was conducted by the Austrian authorities in countries under their rule. In this paper, the predecessors and role models of the Franciscan cadastre of Istria are considered, with the focus on its methodological origin in the Milanese Censimento and the principles of measurement and mapping established by Johann Jakob Marinoni. Also, the influence of the Theresian (1747-1756), the Josephine (1785-1790) and Bavarian cadastres (1808-1867) was analysed, which also had repercussions not only on the development and formation of the Franciscan cadastre, but also on the system of modernization of the state and its tax system.
Negotiation is the popular collaborative decision-making behavior in inter-organization systems, especially in the collaborative working in construction projects (CWCP). However, negotiation has long ...been recognized as a critical but time- and energy-consuming process. The lack of an effective framework to improve the efficiency (performance) of negotiation is a major problem for those seeking to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of collaborative working in construction projects. This paper aims to develop a cognitive mapping-based application framework for improving collaborative working in construction project from negotiation perspective (CF-CWCP). This framework includes two-fold: (1) mapping negotiation process in construction projects using cognitive mapping technique; (2) developing CF-CWCP by integrating intelligent agent and cognitive mapping techniques. This research will benefit the partners in construction projects to improve construction negotiation performance. A prototype of CF-CWCP is developed.
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