Avtorja se uvodoma ukvarjata z vprašanjem »tujosti«, ki se pojavlja v več intenzitetah: državljanstvo posameznika je le eden od dejavnikov, ki vplivajo na njegovo družbeno sprejemanje ali zavračanje. ...Po pregledu stanja v evropskih zaporih avtorja v osrednjem delu analizirata položaj tujcev v slovenskem kazenskopravnem sistemu, kjer je mogoče zaznati zaostrovanje pri obravnavi tujcev – več obsodb in več tujcev v zaporih v zadnjih letih. Temu nasprotne rezultate pa pokaže podrobnejši pregled kaznivega dejanja umora (in uboja), v katerem avtorja ugotavljata, da je kaznovanje tujcev celo manj punitivno kot kaznovanje domačih državljanov in za to ponudita nekaj morebitnih razlag.
Kaznovanje ima dvojni pomen, na eni strani je nujno, ker privede do spoznanja zmotnega ravnanja, na drugi strani pa povzroči čustveno neravnovesje med učiteljem in gojencem. Teorije kaznovanja ...poznajo tri temeljne smeri – retributivistično, ki na posameznika deluje tako, da ne bo želel dejanja ponoviti; utilitaristično, katere temeljni cilj je sprememba posameznika, ter abolicionistično, ki se zavzema za alternativne oblike reševanja sporov in deviantnega vedenja. V današnjem času so vse bolj odmevni učinki ničte tolerance. To je politika reagiranja na deviantna vedenja, ki predvideva enake kazni za večje in manjše prestopke. Njej nasprotni pol pa je inkluzija, katere cilji so oblikovanje ljudi različnih sposobnosti, mirno sožitje in razvijanje vrednot. Vzgojo si težko zamišljamo brez kaznovanja, čeprav uporaba kazni povzroči negativni učinek. Teoretično gledano, če je kazen vse, kar kaznovani doživlja kot neprijetno, potem kazni v vzgoji ni mogoče odpraviti. Klasične kazni pa je mogoče nadomestiti z ukrepi, ki jih predlagajo nasprotniki klasičnega kaznovanja.
The article offers a critical view on punishment, an always hot topic at school. School punishment is observed from a historical point of view, especially since the period when punishment became more ...humane. The question of the reasonableness of punishment and its appropriateness or necessity is the main issue of theoretical discourse. Restitution is seen as a good approach to punishment, without which it is difficult to imagine suitable socialization in a school environment, which should be an important challenge of postmodern schools.The research also establishes how punishment appears in Slovene elementary school, if it even does, and what types of punishment prevail; what reasons for punishment are ascribed by pupils, teachers and by social workers. In dealing with punishment measures, we focused on the division of punishment types by Strmčnik (the category of administrative, morally condemning, settling, restraining, verbal and physical punishments), as well as on the efficacy of mentioned punishments.We have performed interviews with social workers, trying to include also their role and point of view within the punishment dynamic and punishment in elementary school.
The findings presented from spatio-sociological perspective are intended to contribute to a more successful solving of questions concerning the order and disorder in (urban) space. This is grounded ...in the wider spread of the use of ICT as well as in terms of the concrete experiences gained in the city of Koper and in the coastal area of the Slovenian Istria. The author is disclosing the dual nature of ICT: a) as an efficient mean for preventing, disclosing andsanctioning of illegal acting (interventions) in space and b) as a new way of disturbing interference in the life of people in public and private spaces, which threatens the values such as identity of the city, natural and cultural heritage and safety of the inhabitants.With higher awareness about this our managing power would increase to the benefit of the quality of living and to conviviality of the residents both in short-term and in long-term perspectives.
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