The topic chain, one of the essential organization devices in Chinese discourse, is highlighted by the use of many co-referential zero forms. Although the topic chain has been realized to play an ...important role in organizing discourse, few attempts have been made to explore how the topic chain forms an integrated and meaningful unit and facilitates discourse organization, which are called the “integration functions” of the topic chain in this paper. This study, based on a comprehensive review of topic chain studies, re-examines the core characteristics of the topic chain. After this, the integration functions of the topic chain are analysed from internal and external levels. The topic chain itself can manage its internally different clauses to form a cohesive, meaningful and unified unit. At this stage, this paper clearly demonstrates why so much information within a topic chain is assembled into such a compact structure. At the discourse level, one topic chain can associate with other topic chains or non-chain constructions to establish textual coherence. Making use of zero anaphora, co-reference, cognitive orders and other non-morph-syntactic devices, the topic chain can combine different discourse units together to construct Chinese discourse. The study provides a systematic and well-developed account of the integration functions for the topic chain, which is significant for a deeper understanding of the nature of the topic chain and how discourse coherence is established in Chinese.
Influence of Velocity Gradient on Optimisation of the Aggregation Process and Properties of Formed Aggregates The follow up research into the IHDS process was carried out with a Couette device. The ...outcome of this study provides a comprehensive understanding of the effect that both the agitation intensity and the agitation time have on the kinetics and the mechanism of the aggregation process. The results obtained confirm the very favourable influence of high agitation intensity for the formation of more compact and dense aggregates than those formed by the accustomed flocculation conditions with low agitation intensity. This research also proved that the agitation intensity and time are the inherent means profoundly influencing the properties of the resultant aggregates such as their size, shape, density and homogeneity. Further, it was confirmed that the aggregation process passes through a minimum. Furthermore, it was verified that the aggregation process takes place in four consecutive phases, namely a) the phase of formation, b) the phase of compaction, c) the phase of a steady (equilibrium) state and d) most probably the phase of inner restructuring. The pattern of the aggregates development in these phases remains the same irrespective of the magnitude of the velocity gradient applied but the time at which these phases are completed is velocity gradient dependent. Last but not least this study proved that the dimensionless product Ca = G T = const. has no general validity.
U ovom se radu ispituje pravilo dinamičkog odziva prednapetih betonskih greda s metalnim i plastičnim valovitim cijevima različitih vrijednosti kompaktnosti injekcijske smjese kanala na pokretna ...konstantna koncentrirana opterećenja i pokretna jednostavna harmonijska opterećenja. Prednapete betonske grede s metalnim i plastičnim valovitim cijevima analizirane su metodom konačnih elemenata u slučajevima bez pukotina. Rezultati pokazuju da kompaktnost injekcijske smjese kanala i materijal za oblikovanje utječu na karakteristike prirodnih vibracija prednapetih betonskih greda. Pod istom kompaktnošću injekcijske smjese kanala, prednapete betonske grede s metalnim valovitim cijevima pokazuju veće frekvencije u usporedbi s onima koja imaju plastiče valovite cijevi. Dinamički progib prednapetih betonskih greda u sredini raspona smanjuje se s povećanjem kompaktnosti injekcijske smjese kanala, što je neovisno o materijalu za oblikovanje. Razlike u brzini i ubrzanju srednjeg raspona uzrokovane pokretnim opterećenjem između prednapetih betonskih greda metalnih i plastičnih valovitih cijevi su male. To pokazuje da materijal koji stvara pore ima mali učinak na brzinu čvora u sredini raspona i reakciju ubrzanja prednapetih betonskih greda.
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