Cilj ovog rada ograničen je na razmatranje odgovornosti država ugovornica za materijalnu štetu prouzrokovanu kršenjem Evropske konvencije o ljudskim pravima kao jedan od oblika novčanog pravičnog ...zadovoljenja oštećenoj strani. Za postojanje odgovornosti država za ovu vrstu štete neophodno je da kumulativno bude ispunjeno nekoliko uslova. Ti uslovi nisu bliže regulisani Konvencijom, već ih je samostalno, oslanjajući se na nacionalna odštetna prava država ugovornica, formulisao Sud u nizu slučajeva. Iz dosadašnje sudske prakse proizilazi da oni podrazumevaju: protivpravni akt države kojim se krši Konvencija ili protokoli uz nju; prouzrokovanje materijalne štete; i postojanje uzročno-posledične veze između takvog ponašanja i prouzrokovane štete. Razmatranje pomenutih uslova za odgovornost država ugovornica Konvencije glavni je predmet pažnje autora ovog rada.
Tema ovoga rada odnosi se na trgovinu ljudima što je najteži oblik kršenja ljudskih prava. Trgovina ljudima je globalni fenomen i time su pogođene gotovo sve zemlje svijeta na ovaj ili onaj način. ...Posebno za organizirane kriminalne skupine trgovina ljudima ima prednost nad trgovinom drogom, jer se robu, kao ljude, može prodavati iznova i iznova. Trgovina ljudima također je isplativija od „tradicionalnog“ ropstva, jer se žrtve obično “nabavljaju” iz siromašnijih zemalja i prodaju u bogatije zemlje, gdje ih se može prodati za ogroman profit. Većina žrtava su žene i djeca, posebno djevojčice, ali tijekom posljednjih godina porastao je postupno i broj muškaraca. Trgovina radi seksualnog iskorištavanja najčešći je i najrasprostranjeniji oblik trgovine ljudima, posebno u Europi, Americi i jugoistočnoj i pacifičkoj Aziji. Udio trgovine ljudima u svrhu eksploatacije radne snage također je u porastu i postao je najzastupljeniji oblik trgovine ljudima u subsaharskoj Africi, te na Bliskom istoku. Zaštita ljudskih prava sigurno je jedan od najvažnijih aspekata razvoja. Međutim, zaštita ljudskih prava dobiva mnogo manje pozornosti od ostalih aspekata, vjerojatno dijelom zato što ih je teško izmjeriti. Ljudska prava su univerzalna jer se temelje na dostojanstvu svakog čovjeka, bez obzira na rasu, boju, spol, etničko ili socijalno podrijetlo, religiju, jezik, nacionalnost, starost, seksualnu orijentaciju, invaliditet ili na bilo koje druge karakteristike.
The topic of this paper concerns trafficking in human beings as the most serious form of human rights violation. Trafficking in human beings is a global phenomenon and almost all countries in the world are affected in one way or another. Especially for organized crime groups, trafficking in human beings takes precedence over drug trafficking, because goods, as humans, can be sold over and over again. Trafficking in human beings is also more cost-effective than “traditional” slavery, as victims are usually sourced from poorer countries and sold to richer countries where they can be sold for huge profits. Most of the victims are women and children, especially girls, but in recent years the number of men has gradually increased. Trafficking for sexual exploitation is the most common and widespread form of trafficking, especially in Europe, America, and Southeast and Pacific Asia. The share of human trafficking for labor exploitation is also on the rise and has become the most prevalent form of trafficking in sub-Saharan Africa and the Middle East. Protecting human rights is certainly one of the most important aspects of development. However, human rights protection receives much less attention than other aspects, probably partly because they are difficult to measure. Human rights are universal because they are based on the dignity of every person, regardless of race, color, gender, ethnic or social origin, religion, language, nationality, age, sexual orientation, disability or any other characteristics.
Has Russia turned from “Paul to Saul” with regards to international humanitarian law (IHL)? This book aims to answer this question by contrasting the past and the present. Firstly, it offers a ...comprehensive account of the remarkable Russian contributions to IHL since 1850. Secondly, it analyses Russia’s current approach to IHL, drawing on a wide range of legislation, case law, diplomatic records, and military practice. Finally, the author contrasts the past and the present – not without embedding his findings in the changed context of our time. The book is aimed at international law experts as well as people interested in legal history. Its author is an IHL researcher and practitioner with extensive experience in the post-soviet world.
The Internet's importance for freedom of expression and other rights comes in part from the ability it bestows on users to create and share information, rather than just receive it. Within the ...context of existing freedom of expression guarantees, this book critically evaluates the goal of bridging the 'digital divide' - the gap between those who have access to the Internet and those who do not. Central to this analysis is the examination of two questions: first, is there a right to access the Internet, and if so, what does that right look like and how far does it extend? Second, if there is a right to access the Internet, is there a legal obligation on States to overcome the digital divide?
Through examination of this debate's history, analysis of case law in the European Court of Human Rights and Inter-American Court of Human Rights, and a case study of one digital inclusion programme in Jalisco, Mexico, this book concludes that there is indeed currently a legal right to Internet access, but one that it is very limited in scope. The 2012 Joint Declaration on Freedom of Expression and the Internet is aspirational in nature, rather than a representative summary of current protections afforded by the international human rights legal framework. This book establishes a critical foundation from which some of these aspirations could be advanced in the future. The digital divide is not just a human rights challenge nor will it be overcome using human rights law alone. Nevertheless, human rights law could and should do more than it has thus far.
Policing Humanitarianism examines the ways in which European Union policies aimed at countering the phenomenon of migrant smuggling affects civil society actors' activities in the provision of ...humanitarian assistance, access to rights for irregular immigrants and asylum seekers. It explores the effects of EU policies, laws and agencies' operations in anti-migrant smuggling actions and their implementation in the following EU Member States: Italy, Greece, Hungary and the UK.The book critically studies policies designed and implemented since 2015, during the so called 'European refugee humanitarian crisis'. Building upon the existing academic literature covering the 'criminalisation of migration ' in the EU, the book examines the wider set of punitive, coercive or control-oriented dynamics affecting Civil Society Actors' work and activities through the lens of the notion of ' policing the mobility society'. This concept seeks to provide a framework of analysis that allows for an examination of a wider set of practices, mechanisms and tools driven by a logic of policing in the context of the EU Schengen border framework: those which affect not only people, who move (qualified as third- country nationals for the purposes of EU law), but also people who mobilise in a rights-claiming capacity on behalf of and with immigrants and asylum- seekers.
U radu se istražuju negativne medijske kampanje u Hrvatskoj početkom devedesetih godina 20. stoljeća u kojima su tiskani mediji uslijed nesnalaženja u ratnim i poratnim okolnostima te pod utjecajem ...vladajuće ideologije stigmatizirali i progonili predstavnike kulturne i intelektualne zajednice Hrvatske. Također se istražuje u kojoj je mjeri u tim kampanjama korišten govor mržnje, ratnohuškačka retorika te modeli etiketiranja, stigmatiziranja i „sotoniziranja“ pojedinaca s ciljem ideološkog, profesionalnog i moralnog diskreditiranja tih osoba u javnom životu. Rad se nadovezuje na rezultate istraživača koji su propitivali govor mržnje i huškačku retoriku u hrvatskim medijima, a posebno istražuje negativnu medijsku kampanju protiv glumice Mire Furlan. Istraživanjem je utvrđeno da su tiskani mediji u izvještavanjima kršili etička i profesionalna načela i norme te su takvim pristupom ugrozili ljudska i profesionalna prava i demonizirali lik glumice u javnosti.
In Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Discrimination Holning Lau offers an incisive review of the conceptual questions that arise as legal systems around the world grapple with whether and how to ...protect people against sexual orientation and gender identity discrimination. Readership: All interested in LGBT rights (i.e., SOGI rights). This audience ranges from students to seasoned LGBT rights experts who specialize in a particular country/region and are seeking to learn about other parts of the world.
Cyber insecurity Harrison, Richard M; Herr, Trey
2016., 2016, 2016-10-18
eBook
Growing dependence on cyberspace for commerce, communication, governance, and military operations has left society vulnerable to a multitude of security threats. Mitigating the inherent risks ...associated with the use of cyberspace poses a series of thorny public policy problems. In this volume, academics, practitioners from both private sector and government, along with former service members come together to highlight sixteen of the most pressing contemporary challenges in cybersecurity, and to offer recommendations for the future. As internet connectivity continues to spread, this book will offer readers greater awareness of the threats of tomorrow—and serve to inform public debate into the next information age. Contributions by Adrienne Allen, Aaron Brantly, Lauren Boas Hayes, Jane Chong, Joshua Corman, Honorable Richard J. Danzig, Kat Dransfield, Ryan Ellis, Mailyn Fidler, Allan Friedman, Taylor Grossman, Richard M. Harrison, Trey Herr, Drew Herrick, Jonah F. Hill, Robert M. Lee, Herbert S. Lin, Anastasia Mark, Robert Morgus, Paul Ohm, Eric Ormes, Jason Rivera, Sasha Romanosky, Paul Rosenzweig, Matthew Russell, Nathaniel Tisa, Abraham Wagner, Rand Waltzman, David Weinstein, Heather West, and Beau Woods.
Welchen Beitrag kann das Recht auf Nahrung zur Überwindung der globalen Ernährungskrise leisten? Statt das Ziel einer hungerfreien Welt als Utopie abzutun, werden Menschenrechtsklagen als wirksame ...Instrumente beschrieben, um Diskurse über Ursachen von Nahrungsunsicherheit anzuregen und die Ergreifung notwendiger Anti-Hunger-Programme zu beschleunigen. Aufbauend auf der nationalen und internationalen Rechtsprechung zum „right to food“ werden drei Zugangsrechte entwickelt: das Recht auf soziale Fürsorge, das Recht auf ein ausreichendes Einkommen und das Recht auf Selbstversorgung. Angesichts globaler Gefährdungslagen, die sich etwa in abrupt schwankenden Weltagrarpreisen sowie dem Klimawandel offenbaren, wird zudem eine transnationale Schutzdimension begründet. Die Bedeutung grenzüberschreitender Menschenrechtsdiskurse wird exemplarisch anhand von zwei Fallstudien zum Agrardumping und zur Förderung von Biokraftstoffen verdeutlicht.
Pravo djeteta na igru? Mrnjaus, Kornelija
Croatian Journal of Education,
02/2014, Letnik:
16, Številka:
Sp.Ed.1
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
Autorica u ovom radu obrađuje temu prava djece na igru kroz Konvenciju o pravima djeteta i kao tri ključna izazova navodi pitanje prepoznavanja, poštivanja i promicanja prava djece na igru. ...Referirajući se na istraživanja koja pokazuju da se vrijeme koje djeca provode u igri sve više smanjuje, ukazuje na problem “suptilnog” kršenja prava djeteta, kao i na izravne posljedice sve kraćeg vremena igranja na djetetov intelektualni, društveni, emocionalni i fizički razvoj. Autorica se u radu također kratko bavi povezanošću igre i smanjenja/povećanja nasilja među djecom.
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