The current study, while examining the fields of psychological empowerment, work engagement and innovation, found that psychological empowerment affected work engagement and led to high innovation ...and lower turnover intention. Psychological empowerment was found to have strong predictive power on work engagement and innovation. The sample respondents were 291 managers from the Indian industrial sectors of pharmaceutical, heavy engineering, IT, electronics and aeronautics engineering. Results of structural equation model revealed work engagement as a strong mediator between psychological empowerment and innovation. The current study provides strong empirical relationship among constructs of psychological empowerment, work engagement, innovation and turnover intention. The theoretical implications to multi-level research are drawn in the study and practical implications are discussed.
Drawing upon qualitative data on Albanians residing in Italy and Greece, this article furnishes new insights into the topic of undeclared migrant construction workers’ agency. It analyses different ...types of undeclared work through Katz’s theoretical framework that suggests a disaggregated conceptualisation of agency. In so doing, it adds to thinking on the factors shaping fluidity between types of agency and challenges dichotomous views on passive or voluntary participation. The article also highlights that mutual interests between workers and employers enable migrant builders to defy and resist state regulations, despite the impacts of undeclared work on workers and the fact that power dynamics are unequal. Thus, the main contribution the article makes is to suggest a more nuanced understanding of labour agency that may go beyond the conflict between employers and workers. Overall, the article highlights the relevance of this study for different economic sectors, geographical areas and migrant groups.
The aim of this article is to provide an insight into a part of a rich and under-researched working history of garment industry in the Olga Ban or Arena modna trikotaža factory in the town of Pula ...that was founded in 1947 and declared bankruptcy in 2014. Eight interviews with former workers, whose testimonies are the primary source for the content of the paper, are used to highlight those memories that were claimed most important by the former employees; i.e. wages, conditions of work, women’s “double burden”, relations between workers and foremen, memories of labour actions as well as a memory of “decaying” conditions of work and relations within the “garment community” that coincides with the period of post-socialism. While the socialist period of work is described as difficult for women but better organized and existentially more secure, the factory management in the period of post-socialism is claimed to be too loose and more chaotic when compared to the previous one. From the worker’s point of view, shutting down the Arena factory also
meant dismantling a part of the local community within which women could gain financial emancipation and wider recognition.
A common critique of globalization is that it leads to a race to the bottom. Specifically, it is assumed that multinationals invest in countries with lower regulatory standards and that countries ...competitively undercut each other's standards in order to attract foreign capital. This paper tests this hypothesis and finds robust empirical support for both predictions. First, a reduction in employment protection rules leads to an increase in foreign direct investment (FDI). Furthermore, changes in employment protection legislation have a larger impact on the relatively mobile types of FDI. Second, there is evidence that countries are competitively undercutting each other's labor market standards.
Small differences that matter Pallais, Amanda
Journal of labor economics,
04/2015, Letnik:
33, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
In 1997, the ACT increased the number of free score reports it provided to students from three to four, maintaining a $6 marginal cost for each additional report. In response to this $6 cost change, ...ACT-takers sent many more score reports and applications relative to SAT-takers. They widened the range of colleges they sent scores to, and low-income ACT-takers attended more-selective colleges. Back-of-the-envelope calculations suggest that the policy substantially increased low-income students’ expected earnings. This sizable behavioral change in response to such a small cost change suggests that in this setting, small policy perturbations can have large effects on welfare.
This article analyzes corporate responses to the liability risk arising from workers' exposure to newly identified carcinogens. We find that firms, especially those with weak balance sheets, tend to ...respond to such risks by acquiring large, unrelated businesses with relatively high operating cash flows. The diversifying growth appears to be primarily motivated by managers' personal exposure to their firms' risk in that the growth has negative announcement returns and is related to firms' external governance, managerial stockholdings, and institutional ownership. The results suggest that corporate governance is particularly important when firms are exposed to the risk of large, adverse shocks.
There is considerable academic and policy interest in how immigrants fare in the labour market of their host economy. This research is situated within these debates and explores the nexus between ...migrant labour and segmented labour markets. Specifically the analysis focuses on East-Central Europeans in Britain: a sizeable cohort of largely economic and recent migrants. A large quantity of interviews with low-wage employers and recruiters is used to examine the role served by East-Central European migrant labour in the UK labour market, to question whether this function is distinct from conventional understandings of the function of migrant labour and to explore how employer practices and other processes ‘produce’ these employment relations. Based on the findings from this approach, an argument is developed which contends that the ready availability of a well perceived cohort of migrant labour has sustained and extended flexible labour market structures towards the bottom end of the labour market.
The German dual system of labour relations is at a crossroads. The two cornerstones of the system, collective bargaining at the industry level and codetermination of works councils in companies and ...establishments, are eroding. Only one third of the workforce is now covered by both institutions. In this situation, trade unions have developed new strategies for revitalisation, including new strategies regarding derogations from collective bargaining agreements, new approaches to organising, and new projects to activate works councils. As a result, the traditional boundaries between union action at the establishment and industry levels, traditionally characterised by a strict separation of roles between works councils and trade unions, are dissolving. The trade unions are now developing active strategies at the establishment level with the aim of strengthening their position in the companies, and strengthening the capacity of works councils to act. At the same time, the importance of works councils as actors in collective bargaining is increasing. This new interplay of actors and levels seems to be an important precondition for the revitalisation of German industrial relations, even if it does not mean that all problems will be solved.
The purpose of the article is to identify the scale of undeclared labour in Ukraine and to study the problems, principles and prospects of its prevention in unstable socio-economic conditions. ...Methodology. In line with the EU and ILO methodology, the State Labour Service of Ukraine interprets undeclared labour as legal paid activity that is not fully or partially registered in accordance with the law. Results. Undeclared work plays an important role in the practice of business management and competitiveness stimulation in countries with industrial, neo-industrial and post-industrial economies, which has been developed almost since the middle of the 20th century. The paper proves that undeclared work is a broader concept that includes legalised (both official and manipulative) as well as shadowy mechanisms of its occurrence and functioning. Given the problematic performance by the State Labour Service of Ukraine of its inspection and sanctioning powers, as well as the widespread use of non-standard labour relations (with mediation in the performance of employer functions, outsourcing of auxiliary, service and some specialised personnel to companies), tariff-free remuneration systems encourage numerous manipulations in the area of labour declaration and decent wages. The source of problems with the spread of remuneration systems based on an assessment of the complexity of the work performed and the qualifications of employees, as well as with ensuring decent working conditions for agency (loan, temporary) workers, is the unclear legislative regulation of these systems. Practical implications. The priorities for preventing undeclared labour in Ukraine are: a consistent increase in the share of wages in the structure of production costs; strengthening cross-control over the fulfilment of obligations to pay the minimum wage under the tariff-free and hourly wage systems; and the introduction of a sound methodology for harmonising the minimum wage, the subsistence minimum and other basic social standards linked to them. Value/Оriginality. The expediency of identifying institutionalised and manipulative mechanisms of undeclared labour, their formal and illegal bases is confirmed by the classification of the main forms of undeclared labour used by the EU, ILO and the State Labour Service of Ukraine; this approach will increase the complexity and effectiveness of systemic measures to regulate it (control, mitigation, prevention).
We investigated the effects of intragroup and cross-subgroup communications in an experimental field study on demographic faultlines. The results indicated that faultlines explained more variance in ...perceptions of team learning, psychological safety, satisfaction, and expected performance than single-attribute heterogeneity indexes. In addition, cross-subgroup work communications were effective for groups with weak faultlines but not for groups with strong faultlines. Overall, this study extends the original faultline model, documents the utility of the concept of faultlines, and identifies some of their effects on work group outcomes.
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