Povod za prispevek je obletnica državnosti Slovenije, ki jo praznujemo 25. junija, in s tem zaznamujemo spomin na 25. junij 1991, ko je Slovenija formalno postala neodvisna. Z uredništvom revije, s ...katerim sem takrat strokovno redno sodeloval, smo se po daljšem usklajevanju dogovorili za tako obliko prispevka tudi za Slovenijo, čeprav takrat med pripravo in tudi ob objavi prispevka Slovenija formalno še ni bila neodvisna država. V uvodu prispevka je Slovenija iz razumljivih geopolitičnih razlogov še navedena kot republika na severozahodu Jugoslavije, v nadaljevanju pa se nato vsebina prispevka omeji le na državo Slovenijo (cit. prev.): »Kot majhen evropski narod in država si prizadevamo za skrbno uporabo zemljiških in naravnih virov, da bi ohranili ,mirno sožitje z naravo. Ves ta tehnološki razvoj gre nam v geodetski stroki in službi zelo »na roko« in ga tudi s pridom uporabljamo pri svojem delu, tako za izboljšanje kakovosti naših storitev in podatkov kot za racionalizacijo delovnih postopkov in povečanje učinkovitosti našega dela. Namesto »običajnih« letalskih snemanj so novi standard hkratna večsenzorska snemanja z dodanimi kamerami za poševno snemanje in lidarskim snemalnikom, namesto »običajnih« ortofotov bodo masovno izdelani tako imenovani pravi ortofoti in trirazsežni modeli površja, ki jih bomo s tehnikami navidezne in nadgrajene resničnosti uporabljali na način digitalnih dvojčkov realnega sveta. Naši terenski pomočniki bodo merilni roboti za hkratno merjenje in modeliranje ... A ob običajni delovni preobremenjenosti in lovljenju rokov nam pogosto žal zmanjka časa za temeljit razmislek o tovrstnih vseobsežnih inovacijah. Pri vsakdanjem delu smo namreč slovenski geodeti in geodetinje predvsem vpeti v utečene delovne procese ter osredotočeni na opravljanje tekočih delovnih nalog za izvajanje geodetskih storitev. Po burnem lanskem obdobju ob začetku uporabe nove katastrske zakonodaje in po uvedbi novega IS Kataster, ko smo bili praktično vsi v geodetski službi izpostavljeni intenzivni in celoviti modernizaciji delovnih procesov ter pravil izvajanja katastrskih postopkov in sprememb geodetskih podatkov, smo zdaj večinoma že v mirnejših vodah modernizacije, kjer pristojni deležniki nepričakovane pomanjkljivosti IS Kataster postopoma odpravljajo, pri tem pa so negativne in pozitivne izkušnje iz vsakdanje prakse vodilo za nadaljnje dopolnitve in spremembe informacijskega sistema ter v nadaljevanju tudi posameznih zakonodajnih določb. Glede modernizacije optimizem vzbuja spodbudno dejstvo, da je v sodelovanju z Direktoratom za vode, Direkcijo Republike Slovenije za vode, Direktoratom za prostor in graditev, Direktoratom za okolje in Agencijo Republike Slovenije za okolje prav Geodetska uprava RS gonilna sila obsežnega projekta modernizacije za vzpostavitev horizontalne digitalne povezanosti ter geolociranih prostorskih in okoljskih podatkov in sistemov v okviru projekta Zeleni slovenski lokacijski okvir (SLO4D, 2023). O projektu bomo v tem obdobju geodeti in širša javnost obsežno seznanjeni v tej reviji ter po drugih poteh obveščanja, zato v tem zapisu vsem deležnikom le zaželimo uspešno sodelovanje in dobro medsebojno zaupanje, veliko vztrajnosti pri doseganju postavljenih skupnih ciljev, za dobro mero pa še obilo modrosti, da se uspešno izognejo vsem morebitnim pastem in paradoksom modernizacije, ki so znani iz domačih in tujih logov (npr. 4»DROBEN« KORAK ZA MODERNIZACIJO PODATKOV O LASTNIKIH Ob koncu zgolj za ilustracijo poglejmo na navidezno drobnem primeru še en vidik modernizacije IS Kataster, ki je ključen za njen uspeh. Geodetska služba lahko zemljiški knjigi in vsem njenim uporabnikom priskoči na pomoč in jih spodbudi k popravi podatkov o lastnikih z uvedbo opozorilnega sloja z oznako rdečega klicaja za nepremičnine, ki imajo v zemljiški knjigi pomanjkljive podatke o lastnikih. To je enostavno izvedljivo tako, da se v prosto dostopnem javnem vpogledu v podatke o nepremičninah vse nepremičnine, ki v zemljiški knjigi pri enem ali več solastnikih nimajo vpisanega lastništva z vpisano EMŠO za fizične oziroma MŠ za pravne osebe, označijo s preprostim velikim rdečim klicajem, ob kliku nanj pa se izpiše »(So)lastnik brez EMŠO/MŠ!« (slika 3), z dodanim kratkim napotkom ali povezavo na informacijo, kako se to stanje uredi v zemljiški knjigi.
2022 Dear Land Surveyors, Minister for the Environment and Spatial Planning, Uroš Brežan, Mayor of Velenje, Peter Dermol, Director of the Surveying and Mapping Authority of the Republic of Slovenia, ...Tomaž Petek, distinguished guests from abroad and Slovenia, and all other friends of land surveying, allow me to warmly greet you here at the 50th Land Surveying Day in Velenje. All the suggested solutions have not yet taken root in practice, but the issues are being successfully resolved; the state mapping authority starts with regional workshops for chartered engineers in October. Dear guests of the Land Surveying Day, let me announce the beginning of our expert meeting, which will be concluded by a Ceremonial Academy today, and with a relaxed social event tomorrow.
STROKI NJENO MESTO Klemenčič, Gregor
Geodetski vestnik,
09/2021, Letnik:
65, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
...of political developments and systems, it is essential that decisions be based on professional norms. With the environment and space being two essential elements that influence each individual and ...society as a whole, it should be holding a much more important position in society. Land surveying is based on space records, while environmental content and records often remain neglected. ...the field opens a window of opportunity that hasn't been used yet; and the responsible ministry is well aware of that.
The expression 'meeting point' nicely embraces the zeal and the pride that permeate land surveying; 'to meet' also signifies to fulfil, to satisfy, to achieve while 'a point' can be an idea, an ...opinion that is worth serious consideration. ...events are an opportunity for land surveyors to call attention to the historical and everyday significance of our profession for society; to the fact that easily accessible modern technology does not mean everything is imaginary and somewhere out there as it might seem at first glance; to the fact that the origin point of land surveying dates back on the historical timeline. Nowadays, in the era of modern communication technology, meetings are even more critical as we have forgotten about the pristine human contact that usually begins and ends with a firm handshake.
Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) have revolutionized land surveying, by determining position coordinates with centimeter-level accuracy in real-time or up to sub-millimeter accuracy in ...post-processing solutions. Although low-cost single-frequency receivers do not meet the accuracy requirements of many surveying applications, multi-frequency hardware is expected to overcome the major issues. Therefore, this paper is aimed at investigating the performance of a u-blox ZED-F9P receiver, connected to a u-blox ANN-MB-00-00 antenna, during multiple field experiments. Satisfactory signal acquisition was noticed but it resulted as >7 dB Hz weaker than with a geodetic-grade receiver, especially for low-elevation mask signals. In the static mode, the ambiguity fixing rate reaches 80%, and a horizontal accuracy of few centimeters was achieved during an hour-long session. Similar accuracy was achieved with the Precise Point Positioning (PPP) if a session is extended to at least 2.5 h. Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) and Network RTK measurements achieved a horizontal accuracy better than 5 cm and a sub-decimeter vertical accuracy. If a base station constituted by a low-cost receiver is used, the horizontal accuracy degrades by a factor of two and such a setup may lead to an inaccurate height determination under dynamic surveying conditions, e.g., rotating antenna of the mobile receiver.
Allow me to welcome you on behalf of the main organisers, the Association of Surveyors of Slovenia and the Gorenjska Society of Surveyors, and the co-organizers, the Faculty of Civil and Geodetic ...Engineering - the Department of Geodetic Engineering; the Surveying and Mapping Authority of the Republic of Slovenia; the Geodetic Institute of Slovenia; the Section of Land Surveyors at the Slovenian Chamber of Engineers; and the Economic Interest Grouping of Surveying Contractors. Today we have gathered at a special event dedicated to something that is often invisible, but at the same time present in the everyday life of every individual - a measure. ...of where and who we are, we use the same measuring unit, which unifies us as a global community that shares common values and goals.
Defining in several aspects, The profession was directly influenced by the Real Estate Cadastre Act and the implementation of a new cadastral information system, both of which were a source of ...widespread dissatisfaction and created discord, Each legislative change and each increase in digitalisation aspire to raise the quality of the profession, to simplify and accelerate procedures, Full implementation of these changes depends on several factors: a healthy dialogue, readiness for change and positive thinking. Let us take a step back to be able to make some positive steps forward, Let us talk, let us help one another, and let us seek common professional solutions, Let us stop creating divisions between private and public sectors, between 'ours'and 'yours', Let us be responsible to ourselves and make positive efforts for the good of the profession, As a profession with high value for the society, it is our duty. Let us search for clear and decisive solutions to present-day challenges, I would like to express my sincere thanks to all of you who maintain high professional standards in your work, who devote your time and energy in the process of change, The organisation of this year 's Land Surveying Day in Velenjeproved who and what is a Land Surveyor, We received plenty of positive feedback, from professionals and politicians alike, This means that we know how things are done, I can only express sadness that some people were not able to overcome their inhibitions and boycotted the event, This was also the boycott of themselves and the profession, I do not wish it would remain so in the future, Let us interact, let us talk andseek solutions, I am sure that, despite everything that tookplace in 2022, the year has taught us many positive lessons, Good luck, land surveying.
► We analyzed the trends in land-use change and the effects of land policies during the period from 1952 to 2008. ► China now faces a conflict between the demand and supply of land resources. ► The ...key measures include intensive utilization of land resources, increasing efficiency of land-use and enhancing environmental protection. ► There is a pressing need for China to enact or re-enforce the laws and regulations on land resources protection and economic development.
China has extremely scarce land resources compared to the world average. There is an urgent need for studies of the current situation and the trends in land-use change and assessment of the performance of land policies in China. Assessment of land-use change has long been hindered by a lack of accurate and reliable data. This paper uses the data obtained from the national land surveys of 1996 and land-use change surveys from 1997 to 2008, to analyze changes in land use and the policy dimension driving forces related to the changes, especially cultivated land, forestry land, grassland, as well as developed land. The aim of this analysis will be to derive the physical, social and economical driving forces of those changes to grasp the trends in land-use change and the effects of land policies and to formulate strategies for the protection and sustainable use of agricultural land. The results indicate that, although the overall change in land use was not large, cultivated land was significantly reduced and developed land rapidly increased. A great deal of high quality cultivated land was changed to developed land and low quality cultivated land generated from unused land, which has resulted in a serious threat to food supplies in China. Predictions using the methods of linear extrapolation and a BP neural network indicate that it is impossible to keep to a target of 0.12 billion hectares of cultivated land in the future under the mode of economic development used between 1996 and 2008. The results also indicate that the implementation of the laws and regulations about controlling the developed land and preserving cultivated land had significant effects on changes in land use, especially cultivated land and developed land. The results suggest that the changes in land use are closely related to economic fluctuation and the enaction and implementation of these land policies had a little time lag for cultivated land protection. There is a pressing need for China to use its limited land resources more efficiently and effectively by enacting or re-enforcing the laws and regulations on land resources protection and economic development, not only for its own growing population, but also the world. Therefore, we must formulate strategies for the protection and sustainable use of agricultural land.
This exercise in Norway ‘close-maps’ accurate, existing geometries between thirty-two latitude / longitude points of mostly medieval churches and other sites on the major pilgrimage path through ...Gudbrandsdal to Trondheimsfjord where the martyr St.Olav was venerated. Site data and basic path routes are taken from the Pilegrimsleden website, popular today with religious or recreational tourists. The inclusion of the largest prehistoric monumental mound in Scandinavia as an important early stop on the pilgrimage provides the first clue to the eventual mapping of a large-scale ‘system’ of land surveyed patterns. This symbolic anchor in the south, is connected to likely ancient religious sites to the north in Trondheimsfjord where St. Olav was killed in battle. Discovered are several early church sites key to site integration but not included as part of today’s pilgrim path. The Gudbrandsdal route appears to have been laid out earlier than the smaller volume, overlapping, Østerdal path immediately to the east. To distinguish formally designed geometric large-scale patterns from random phenomena, test areas are created where equal numbers of random points replace the existing. Combinations of three-point alignments, cardinal (N-S. E-W) alignments between two points, and right-angle relationships between three points are tested at increasing complexities of combination at accuracies of 0.06° angular deviation or less, mostly around 0.04°. The ‘systemic’ map pattern that tests show to be highly probable as designed and land surveyed - occurring about 1 in 100,000 random sets - shows considerable overlap with the Gudbrandalsleden map created by the Norwegian website, but variation and omission of important sites occur. The conclusion raises final questions about the value of this real, close-map information to the modern ‘pilgrim’, and to more academic historians and archaeologists. Can today’s path experience be heightened by the creation of a more holistic and symbolic concept of modern Norwegian landscape, this is considered together with insights into how historically such a concept may have moderated civil conflict and integrated an imported book-based religion with ancient Norse ritual practice?
GANmapper: geographical data translation Wu, Abraham Noah; Biljecki, Filip
International journal of geographical information science : IJGIS,
07/2022, Letnik:
36, Številka:
7
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
We present a new method to create spatial data using a generative adversarial network (GAN). Our contribution uses coarse and widely available geospatial data to create maps of less available ...features at the finer scale in the built environment, bypassing their traditional acquisition techniques (e.g. satellite imagery or land surveying). In the work, we employ land use data and road networks as input to generate building footprints and conduct experiments in 9 cities around the world. The method, which we implement in a tool we release openly, enables the translation of one geospatial dataset to another with high fidelity and morphological accuracy. It may be especially useful in locations missing detailed and high-resolution data and those that are mapped with uncertain or heterogeneous quality, such as much of OpenStreetMap. The quality of the results is influenced by the urban form and scale. In most cases, the experiments suggest promising performance as the method tends to truthfully indicate the locations, amount, and shape of buildings. The work has the potential to support several applications, such as energy, climate, and urban morphology studies in areas previously lacking required data or inpainting geospatial data in regions with incomplete data.
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