As the basic support of regional economic and social development, land transportation is one of the important engines to promote regional development, and its construction and improvement will have ...an important impact on the regional economic pattern. Based on the road network of Shandong Province, China, in 2020, according to the
, this paper uses the GIS network analysis method, weighted average travel time, modified gravity model and other methods to study the land traffic accessibility and economic relation intensity of prefecture-level cities in Shandong Province, China, in 2020 and 2035. The results show that the distribution of land traffic accessibility in Shandong Province, China, shows a certain regional main road pointing characteristic in 2020, and the urban accessibility level gradually decreases along the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway and Jinan-Qingdao high-speed railway to the periphery. In 2035, the land traffic accessibility of Shandong Province, China, will be more spatially distributed as "concentric circles". From 2020 to 2035, the urban land traffic accessibility and the balance of economic contact in Shandong Province, China, will be improved significantly. The research results can provide a theoretical reference for optimizing the traffic network pattern and promoting urban economic contact in Shandong Province, China.
Abstract
Urbanization and transportation network construction influence and restrict each other. To explore the interaction between transportation development and urbanization spatial pattern, take ...the Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration as an example to discuss the evolution relationship between land transportation accessibility and urbanization spatial pattern based on coupling coordination measurement model. The results show that the spatial distribution of urbanization level has typical characteristics of “core-periphery”. Besides, the accessibility of all kinds of land transportation presents a pattern of “central agglomeration” and “axis expansion”. The coupling coordination degree of the land transportation accessibility and urbanization is generally higher, and the western region is better than that of the eastern area. Specifically, coupling coordination degree between urbanization and high-speed railway/ordinary railway accessibility is higher in the west and lower in the east, while it opposite between urbanization and highway/land transportation accessibility, which is higher in the east and lower in the west.
In a given district, the accessibility of any point should be the synthetically evaluation of the internal and external accessibilities. Using MapX component and Delphi, the author presents an ...information system to calculate and analyze regional accessibility according to the shortest travel time, generating thus a mark diffusing figure. Based on land traffic network, this paper assesses the present and the future regional accessibilities of sixteen major cities in the Yangtze River Delta. The result shows that the regional accessibility of the Yangtze River Delta presents a fan with Shanghai as its core. The top two most accessible cities are Shanghai and Jiaxing, and the bottom two ones are Taizhou (Zhejiang province) and Nantong. With the construction of Sutong Bridge, Hangzhouwan Bridge and Zhoushan Bridge, the regional internal accessibility of all cities will be improved. Especially for Shaoxing, Ningbo and Taizhou (Jiangsu province), the regional internal accessibility will be decreased by one hour, and other cities will be shortened by about 25 minutes averagely. As the construction of Yangkou Harbor in Nantong, the regional external accessibility of the harbor cities in Jiangsu province will be speeded up by about one hour.
WHO mortality statistics overlook land motor-vehicle accident (LMVA)-related drowning. The aim of the study was to provide an overview of the prevalence and trends of fatal LMVA-related drowning in ...Finland, plus the main crash settings, victims' demographic characteristics, and contributing factors leading to such deaths.
A descriptive, retrospective, population-based study of drowning deaths associated with LMVA among Finnish residents of all ages, 1971-2013. LMVA-related drownings and applicable variables were extracted from the Statistics Finland (SF) mortality database by cross-analysis of ICD injury- and external cause-of-death codes.
During the study period, 538 LMVAs leading to drowning occurred among Finnish residents (2.5/1 000 000/year; 4.9% of all unintentional drownings, 3.7% of all LMVA). Three main settings, ones responsible for over 95% of LMVA-related drownings, were recognized: traffic vehicle accidents involving a passenger car; non-traffic vehicle accident involving a snowmobile; and non-traffic accidents involving agricultural, industrial, or construction vehicles. Alcohol use was a contributing factor for death in > 40% of the victims, whereas severe injuries were reported in less than 6%.
Because transport safety is crucial to prevent any vehicle entering the water, placing LMVA-related drowning in the category of transport accidents is warranted. Once the vehicle becomes submersed, however, prevention measures to avoid death by drowning remains decisive.
Iako su na kraju Kandijskoga rata glavni diplomatski napori i Osmanlija i Venecijanaca bili usmjereni prema egejskim otocima, i Dalmacija je bila u žarištu pozornosti obiju sukobljenih
strana. ...Venecijanci su pokušavali svoje ogromne gubitke na Sredozemlju nadoknaditi osvajanjem većih dijelova teritorija u Dalmaciji. Kontrola solinske i drugih dalmatinskih utvrda, između ostaloga, omogućavala je brodovima Republike sv. Marka slobodan pristup i kretanje po sigurnom »venecijanskom« moru, koje je Serenissima tradicionalno smatrala svojim legitimnim i isključivim posjedom. Štoviše, imala je i određeni »kopneni« interes potičući promet s osmanskim podanicima. U kontekstu tako delikatne situacije, rad dragomana Venecijanske Republike (posebno Tomassa Tarsije i Ambrogia Grilla) pokazao se bitnim u manevriranju i nošenju s osmanskim varkama. Zapravo, veliki vezir i njegov veliki dragoman Panaiotis Nikousios pokušavali su manipulirati tijekom pregovora o određivanju granica kako bi smanjili mletačke akvizicije i, iznad svega, učinili beskorisnim osvajanje Klisa, »vrata« u Bosnu. Posegnuvši za grubom smicalicom, prvi ministar Divana pokušao je oduzeti Republici solinsku utvrdu koja je, smještena strateški između splitske scale i Klisa, omogućavala neometan prolaz robi iz splitske luke u balkansko zaleđe i obrnuto.
With the idea of merging the active robot's configuration function and the self-adaptive robot's self-adaptive characteristic, a new kind of active self-adaptive suspension and a new type of ...differential gear body are creatively proposed, then a six-wheeled active self-adaptive suspension robot is proposed. In even terrain, the robot can self-adaptive to the terrain; while in rough terrain, the robot can fit inclined terrain, and can stand up after over-top through configuration change. The virtual prototype analysis and simulation results show that the mobility of active self-adaptive suspension robot improved greatly.
Neural nets show the ability to learn and to reproduce a given input-output behaviour without the need of a mathematical model. They can be used to mimic an operator's behaviour when a control task ...can be solved manually. Therefore it seems to be easier and more cost-effective in this case to design a neural controller than a conventional controller. In a case study, both conventional and neural controllers for the lateral motion of a vision-guided vehicle were designed. This paper discusses in detail the different design processes for both types of controllers and compares the results.
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