The study aimed at examining morphometric differentiation in two Nigerian breeds of cattle using multifactorial discriminant analyses. Ten morphological traits (withers height, rump height, chest ...circumference, body length, face length, tail length, rump length, head width, rump width and shoulder width) of 224 Bunaji and 87 Sokoto Gudali cattle were measured. The animals, which were aged 2.5-3.6 years, were subjected to extensive management system. The linear type traits of Sokoto Gudali cattle were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than those of their Bunaji counterparts, with the exception of body length and face length respectively. The stepwise discriminant analysis gave a better resolution as only three variables, rump width, withers height and face length were more discriminating in separating the two cattle breeds. The Mahalanobis distance (7.19) between the two cattle populations was high and significant, which is an indication that they belong to genetically different groups. This was complemented by the result of the Nearest Neighbour Discriminant Analysis, where 85.48% of Bunaji cattle were classified into their source population while 96.55% of their Sokoto Gudali counterparts were correctly assigned into their source genetic group. The present phenotypic information will be the basis for the establishment of further characterization, conservation and selection strategies for the two Nigerian breeds of cattle.
V študiji smo z multivariatno diskriminantno analizo proučevali morfometrične razlike med dvema nigerijskima pasmama goveda. Merili smo deset morfoloških lastnosti (višina vihra, višina trupa, obseg prsi, dolžina telesa, dolžina glave, dolžina repa, dolžina trupa, širina glave, širina trupa in širina pleč) pri 224 živalih pasme "Bunaji" in 87 živalih pasme "Sokoto Gudali". Živali so bile v ekstenzivni reji, stare med 2,5 ter 3,6 leti. Izmerjene vrednosti za linearne lastnosti živali pasme "Sokoto Gudali" so bile statistično značilno večje (P < 0,05) kot pri živalih pasme "Bunaji", izjema sta bila le dolžina telesa in dolžina glave. Za doseganje boljše resolucije smo uporabili postopno diskriminantno analizo, ker so le tri spremenljivke, širina telesa, višina vihra in dolžina glave, omogočile zanesljivo ločevanje obeh pasem. Mahalanobijeva distanca (7,19) med obema pasmama je bila visoko statistično značilna, kar nakazuje, da populaciji pripadata različnim pasemskim skupinam. Te rezultate potrjuje tudi diskriminantna analiza najbližjih sosedov, kjer je bilo 85,48% "Bunaji" goveda razvrščenega v izvorno populacijo, medtem, ko je bil ta odstotek pri "Sokoto Gudali" pasmi še višji (96,55). Tako pridobljene fenotipske informacije bomo uporabili za še natančnejši opis, zaščito in oblikovanje rejske strategije obeh nigerijskih pasem goveda.
The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of linseed oil supplementation on performance, fatty acid composition and oxidative status of rabbits. Twelve male SIKA rabbits were ...divided into two groups. The control group (n = 4) received commercial diet and the linseed group (n = 8) received commercial diet containing 9% of linseed oil, which was sprayed onto the pellet. R abbits were slaughtered at 115 days of age, 52 days after the start of the experiment. Live weight, weight gain, feed intake and feed efficiency were recorded. The fatty acid composition of muscle, adipose tissue and liver was determined by the in situ transesterification method and gas chromatography-flame ionisation detection (GC-FID). In order to evaluate the oxidative status of rabbits, the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in plasma, liver and muscle were measured. The results show that it is possible to enhance proportion of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in rabbit's muscle, adipose tissue and liver by adding linseed oil in the diet without detrimental effect on productive performance. Linseed oil addition improved fatty acid composition in all tissues by increased PUF A proportion and decreased proportion of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acid. Linseed oil also reduced n-6/n-3 PUF A ratio in all tissues. However, linseed oil addition led to significantly higher MD A concentrations in plasma, liver and muscle. Since PUF A are highly susceptible to oxidation, further research is needed to focus on protecting animal and their products from lipid oxidation by adding various natural antioxidants to the diet.
V poskusu smo preučevali vpliv dodatka lanenega olja v krmo na proizvodne lastnosti, maščobnokislinsko sestavo in oksidacijski status kuncev. D vanajst kuncev slovenske mesne linije SIKA smo razdelili v dve skupini. Kontrolna skupina (n = 4) je uživala standardno krmo, poskusna skupina (n = 8) pa standardno krmo z dodatkom 9 % lanenega olja, ki smo ga nanesli na pelete. Kunce smo zaklali pri starosti 115 dni, 52 dni po začetku poskusa. V času poskusa smo zapisovali maso živali, prirast, zauživanje in izkoristek krme. M aščobnokislinsko sestavo mišic, maščobnega tkiva in jeter smo določili z in situ transesterifikacijo in kapilarno plinsko kromatografijo. Za določitev oksidacijskega statusa kuncev smo izmerili koncentracijo malondialdehida (MDA) v plazmi, jetrih in mišici. R ezultati so pokazali, da lahko z dodatkom lanenega olja v krmo kuncev povečamo delež n-3 večkrat nenasičenih maščobnih kislin (VNMK) v mišici, maščobnem tkivu in jetrih brez negativnih učinkov na proizvodne lastnosti. D odatek lanenega olja je izboljšal maščobnokislinsko sestavo s povečanjem deleža VNMK in zmanjšanjem deleža nasičenih in enkrat nenasičenih maščobnih kislin, kar je znižalo tudi razmerje n-6/n-3 VNM K v vseh tkivih. D odatek lanenega olja je značilno povečal koncentracijo MD A v plazmi, jetrih in mišici. Ker so VNM K zelo podvržene oksidaciji, so potrebne nadaljnje raziskave, v katerih se bo potrebno osredotočiti na zaščito živali in njihovih produktov pred lipidno oksidacijo z dodajanjem različnih naravnih antioksidantov v krmo.
This book is divided into two sections namely: synthesis and properties of herbicides and herbicidal control of weeds. Chapters 1 to 11 deal with the study of different synthetic pathways of certain ...herbicides and the physical and chemical properties of other synthesized herbicides. The other 14 chapters (12-25) discussed the different methods by which each herbicide controls specific weed population. The overall purpose of the book, is to show properties and characterization of herbicides, the physical and chemical properties of selected types of herbicides, and the influence of certain herbicides on soil physical and chemical properties on microflora. In addition, an evaluation of the degree of contamination of either soils and/or crops by herbicides is discussed alongside an investigation into the performance and photochemistry of herbicides and the fate of excess herbicides in soils and field crops.
V intenzivnem vrtnarstvu se za vzgojo sadik in pridelavo vrtnin v vseh letnih časih uporablja različne oblike zavarovanega prostora. Najenostavnejša in najcenejša oblika zavarovanega prostora je ...neposredno prekrivanje rastlin z agrotekstilijami. Agrotekstilije so vlaknovine, izdelane iz tekstilnih vlaken, ki so navadno kemičnega izvora. Od agrotekstilij namenjenih za prekrivanje vrtnin, se zahtevajo primerna trdnost in dobre prepustne lastnosti, ki se pod vplivom vremenskih sprememb ne smejo bistveno poslabšati. Lastnosti agrotekstilij so odvisne od vlaken, iz katerih so agrotekstilje izdelane, ter od postopka in pogojev izdelave. Namen raziskave je bil analizirati dva tipa polipropilenskih (PP) vlaken (FiberVisionsR HY-Comfort in UV-stabilizirana PP vlakna TrevonR), namenjenih za izdelavo vrtnarskih vlaknovin, primerjati rezultate z deklariranimi vrednostmi in predstaviti nekatere metode analize tekstilnih vlaken. Raziskava je pokazala, da prihaja med izmerjenimi in deklariranimi vrednostmi pri nekaterih lastnostih primerjanih vlaken do določenih razlik in da sta si preučevana tipa PP vlaken različna v tekstilno-mehanskih in strukturnih lastnostih.
Znanje in razumevanje sta dobrini, ki ju ne moremo pridobiti in ustvariti enkrat za vselej, saj nista nikoli končani. Učenje je naloga za vse življenje, pomeni približevati si znanje in tudi ...življenje, pri čemer je poudarek na človekovi spodbudi. Življenje se nenehno spreminja in zahteva od nas, da se prilagajamo spremembam, zato izobraževanje zgolj po formalnih poteh sodobnemu človeku ne zadostuje več. Mnoga uporabna znanja pridobivamo po neformalni poti, v mnogih različnih okoljih in okoliščinah. Učimo se od ljudi, s katerimi živimo in delamo, zato je prav, da svoja razmišljanja usmerimo tudi v pogoje in okolja, kjer se ta učenja dogajajo. Ko so pogoji dobri, ko so odnosi kakovostni in je okolje spodbudno, bo učenje kakovostnejše, znanje pa trajnejše. Ljudje se raje učimo od posameznikov, ki jim lahko zaupamo, ki so dostopni, prijazni in nam znajo prisluhniti. Ugotovitve naše raziskave in tudi predhodnih na isto temo bi lahko vodile v razmislek o tem, kako izboljšati formalne mentorske odnose, ki so zelo pogosta oblika izobraževanja na delovnem mestu, in s tem njihovo učinkovitost.
Somaclonal variation has become common for many plant species including soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr). The present study was aimed to compare the morphological and yield characters of tissue ...culture derived and field grown soybean cultivar CO-3 (Coimbatore-3). With respect to the plants derived from tissue culture, the morphological characters such as length of roots, shoots, petioles, internodal region, number of leaf nodes, leaf area, fresh and dry weight of leaves and roots and yield contributing characters length of pods, number of flowers/ node, number of pods/ node, number of pods/ plant, number of seed aborted fruits and number of seeds/ pod were significantly (p>0.05) varied from parent or field grown plants, except seed yield. Even the variation was observed in both the type of plants, since the difference was not too large. We conclude that tissue culture technique is not detrimental for plant growth and performance and which is widely used in many genetic engineering techniques.
Somaklonska variabilnost je pri soji (Glycine max (L.) Merr) in mnogih drugih rastlinah med uporabljanimi viri genske variabilnosti. Namen te raziskave je bil preveriti pojavljanje variabilnosti med rastlinami dobljenimi iz tkivnih kultur pri soji cv. CO3 (Coimbatore 3). Avtorji so primerjali regenerirane rastline s kontrolnimi rastlinami. Ugotovili so vrsto značilnih razlik pri morfoloških lastnostih, nas primer glede na dolžino korenin, poganjkov, petiol, internodijev in strokov. Poleg teh lastnosti so bile tudi razlike glede na število olistanih nodijev, število cvetov na nodij, strokov na nodij, strokov na rastlino, stevilo semen na strok, svežo in suho teža listov in korenin značilne (p>0.05), razlike pa niso bile značilne glede na pridelek rastlin. Ker razlike niso bile velike, avtorji ugotavljajo, da spremembe zaradi somaklonske variabilnosti niso nujno škodljive za rastline. To je pomembno, saj se tehniko tkivnih kultur široko uporablja pri uporabi metod genskega inženiringa.
The article presents formant frequencies of Standard Slovenian (SS) vowels as spoken by five tonal & five non-tonal speakers in citation form. The results & subsequent analysis of variance indicate ...two types of differences between both groups. In the tonal SS, + ATR mid vowels have higher Fl, & short a has considerably lower Fl. Secondly, acute, circumflex, & short vowels of all phonemes are more dispersed in the tonal SS, the differences being statistically significant in most cases. This is a by-product of fundamental frequency & intensity distinctions in the two tones, & of duration/centralization effects in quantity contrast. These phenomena do not occur in the non-tonal SS. Tables, References. Adapted from the source document
Futurologi so gospodarsko, finančno in socialno krizo napovedali. Ekonomska rast pride enkrat do svoje meje. Prestrukturi- ranje vrednot omogoča nov način delovanja ljudi za preživetje in je edina ...pot iz krize. Za to pa potrebujejo veliko več znanja in izobraževanje odraslih postaja eden od glavnih dejavnikov za premagovanje svetovne krize. Vitalnost družbe se meri po stopnji razvitosti človeškega kapitala (povprečno število let šolanja na prebivalca, stopnja umrljivosti dojenčkov, pričakova- na življenjska doba). Sloj funkcionalno nepismenega prebivalstva ni sposoben sam preživeti v novih razmerah dela in življe- nja informacijske družbe, družbe sprememb ali družbe tveganja. Slovenija ima visoko stopnjo funkcionalno nepismenega ali trajno brezposelnega prebivalstva. Ozko preusposabljanje ne zadošča več za zagotavljanje zaposljivosti posameznika. Samo zvišanje stopnje izobrazbe in sodelovanje v odprtih možnostih okolja razvijeta ljudi do te mere, da postanejo samozadostni. Če je množica neizobraženih (ti se kopičijo kot brezposelni) prevelika, se odpira vprašanje, kdo jih bo preživljal. Temeljne spretnosti in sposobnosti ljudi današnjega časa se razvijejo v novi kakovosti izobraževanja, dialogu in kritičnem mišljenju. Konstruktivizem zagovarja razvoj osebnosti v nasprotju s šolstvom, preobremenjenim z mehaničnim memoriranjem.
The Rock Physics Handbook addresses the relationships between geophysical observations and the underlying physical properties of rocks. It distills a vast quantity of background theory and laboratory ...results into a series of concise chapters that provide practical solutions to problems in geophysical data interpretation. This expanded second edition presents major new chapters on statistical rock physics and velocity-porosity-clay models for clastic sediments. Other new and expanded topics include anisotropic seismic signatures, borehole waves, models for fractured media, poroelastic models, and attenuation models. This new edition also provides an enhanced set of appendices with key empirical results, data tables, and an atlas of reservoir rock properties – extended to include carbonates, clays, gas hydrates, and heavy oils. Supported by a website hosting MATLAB routines for implementing the various rock physics formulas, this book is a vital resource for advanced students and university faculty, as well as petroleum industry geophysicists and engineers.
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