En estas páginas se comenta la legislación visigótica relativa al aborto, los daños producidos a gestantes y el infanticidio (Lex Visigothorum VI.3). Su análisis y confrontación con otras fuentes ...coetáneas permiten una aproximación a las causas o razones de estas prácticas y acciones, tasar su incidencia en la sociedad visigótica y, por último, advertir los móviles y la oportunidad de las diferentes iniciativas legales al respecto.
(a) Ensemble of 15 slightly different Northern Hemisphere summer temperature reconstructions from 0 to 2016 CE, together with their mean and median (orange and red), and a closer look into ...temperature changes at the onset of the Late Antique Little Ice Age (LALIA) between 530 and 550 CE. (b) Location of 23 sampling sites of 20 different species from ten genera in both hemispheres (see Table 1 for details), separated into 12 high-latitude sites <580 m asl and 11 high-elevation sites between 1900 and 3800 m asl (triangles and circles), with individual symbol sizes referring to 1–16 core or disc samples per site. (c) The three main wood anatomical responses to abrupt summer cooling: a Blue Ring (lack of cell wall lignification), Frost Ring (cell deformation) and Light Ring (reduced cell formation), formed in 536 CE by larch (Larix sibirica), pine (Pinus balfouriana) and larch (Larix sibirica) trees in the Altai, Arizona, and Yamal, respectively. (d) Temporal distribution of Blue Rings (BRs), Frost Rings (FRs) and Light Rings (LRs) between 530 and 550 CE.
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Linked to major volcanic eruptions around 536 and 540 CE, the onset of the Late Antique Little Ice Age has been described as the coldest period of the past two millennia. The exact timing and spatial extent of this exceptional cold phase are, however, still under debate because of the limited resolution and geographical distribution of the available proxy archives. Here, we use 106 wood anatomical thin sections from 23 forest sites and 20 tree species in both hemispheres to search for cell-level fingerprints of ephemeral summer cooling between 530 and 550 CE. After cross-dating and double-staining, we identified 89 Blue Rings (lack of cell wall lignification), nine Frost Rings (cell deformation and collapse), and 93 Light Rings (reduced cell wall thickening) in the Northern Hemisphere. Our network reveals evidence for the strongest temperature depression between mid-July and early-August 536 CE across North America and Eurasia, whereas more localised cold spells occurred in the summers of 532, 540–43, and 548 CE. The lack of anatomical signatures in the austral trees suggests limited incursion of stratospheric volcanic aerosol into the Southern Hemisphere extra-tropics, that any forcing was mitigated by atmosphere-ocean dynamical responses and/or concentrated outside the growing season, or a combination of factors. Our findings demonstrate the advantage of wood anatomical investigations over traditional dendrochronological measurements, provide a benchmark for Earth system models, support cross-disciplinary studies into the entanglements of climate and history, and question the relevance of global climate averages.
Trajan’s status as a model emperor is perhaps most famously expressed in Eutropius’ catchphrase “More fortunate than Augustus, better than Trajan” (Eutr. Brev. 8.5.3). Modern scholarship has ...similarly stressed Trajan’s exemplary status, assuming that Trajan’s virtues were already a point of departure by which to measure second- and third-century emperors. This article challenges that notion; it argues that Trajan’s status as a model emperor was a late-antique literary construct. Trajan only entered the repertoire of exemplary emperors during the course of the fourth century to become the model emperor in the very late-fourth- and early-fifth century. This development depended on the historical context and ideological demands, as well as on the availability of the then-existing material discussing and depicting the historical Trajan.
This historiographical research sought to cognize why religious extremism has thrived globally through an enquiry into Christian book burnings in the late antiquities. The study posited that the ...ritual of book burning is a form of oppression and persecution exerted by intolerant religious fundamentalists in their pursuit to shape reading habits, exhume idolatry, and magic, and censure philosophical ideologies that challenge a religious belief through prohibition, control, and sanctions. The discussion established that Book burnings in the twenty-first century are religious radicalism and immoderation skewed towards a myopic dimension. Christian Book burnings throughout four historical periods were graphed to deduce the implications of the ritual in the historic-socio cultural setting. The study through historical, philosophical and critical analysis of the ritual attempted to demystify religious opinions which levy sanctions on others who have deviating ideas. The study acclaimed that the use of violence to drive a religious opinion in any context must be despised. The philosophical supposition of this study was founded on these principles: If God is indeed peaceful as His followers uphold, then he will act peaceably and fairly by deterring his devotees from brutishness purportedly intended to censure, chastise and obliterate nonbelievers and their belongings: Nonetheless, if some religious group uses violence to propel their religious impulses, it is barefaced that, they have lost touch with the God of peace, or have malevolently ignored the values of the God of peace. The study contributes to knowledge by probing into a primordial Christian ritual that is detrimental to the peace and sustainability desired in the twenty-first century to serve a piecemeal notice to all religious extremists to denounce excesses.
Keywords: Religion, Extremism, Book Burning, Censorship, Late Antiquity, Pentecostalism.
Review of: Justinian: Empire and Society in the Sixth Century. Debates and Documents in Ancient History Series. By F.K. Haarer. Edinburgh University Press, 2022. ISBN 978-0-7486-3979-2 (web-ready ...PDF). vi + 257 pp. £95.
A total of 29 bones and bone fragments of wild and domestic birds and mammals collected in the Late Antiquity military settlement near Dolni Lukovit village (Pleven Region, CN Bulgaria) have been ...identified as 9 species of 7 orders. Most numerous are the remains of pigs and chickens. The species composition suggests the existence of open treeless grassy habitats in the vicinity of settlements.
The importance of provenance research forplacing objects of originally unknown origins within a widerhistorical context is discussed. The issue is tackled on theexample of a less known group of ...historic objects at theJagiellonian University Museum: several dozens fragmentsof textiles from Egypt dating from Late Antiquity.
The article discusses the stages of the scientific biography of Edward J. Watts — one of the outstanding modern researchers of Late Antiquity. We also present a critical review of his first four ...books as well as an overall description of his scientific works.
As the collapse of the Western Roman Empire accelerated during the 4th and 5th centuries, arriving “barbarian” groups began to establish new communities in the border provinces of the declining (and ...eventually former) empire. This was a time of significant cultural and political change throughout not only these border regions but Europe as a whole.1,2 To better understand post-Roman community formation in one of these key frontier zones after the collapse of the Hunnic movement, we generated new paleogenomic data for a set of 38 burials from a time series of three 5th century cemeteries3,4,5 at Lake Balaton, Hungary. We utilized a comprehensive sampling approach to characterize these cemeteries along with data from 38 additional burials from a previously published mid-6th century site6 and analyzed them alongside data from over 550 penecontemporaneous individuals.7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19 The range of genetic diversity in all four of these local burial communities is extensive and wider ranging than penecontemporaneous Europeans sequenced to date. Despite many commonalities in burial customs and demography, we find that there were substantial differences in genetic ancestry between the sites. We detect evidence of northern European gene flow into the Lake Balaton region. Additionally, we observe a statistically significant association between dress artifacts and genetic ancestry among 5th century genetically female burials. Our analysis shows that the formation of early Medieval communities was a multifarious process even at a local level, consisting of genetically heterogeneous groups.
•Novel genomic data from 53 individuals from 5th–8th century Europe were generated•The sites exhibit significant genetic diversity comparable to large swaths of Europe•Associations between genomic ancestry and burial customs vary in the analyzed sites•Spatial modeling analyses indicate gene flow from northern Europe into Pannonia
Vyas, Koncz, et al. conduct a multidisciplinary analysis of 5th–6th century communities from the territory of former Roman Pannonia. Despite archaeological similarities, they find significant differences in genomic ancestry between the sites as well as evidence of gene flow from Northern Europe into the region starting in the late 5th century.
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