It is widely acknowledged that natural language processing, as an indispensable means for information technology, requires the strong support of world knowledge as well as linguistic knowledge. This ...book is a theoretical exploration into the extra-linguistic knowledge needed for natural language processing and a panoramic description of HowNet as a case study.
Historical events, changing social events, political innovations, social relationships, technical innovations, new trends in fashion, sports, nutrition, etc. – as participants in the language, we ...communicate on all these topics and use a large number of words and fixed phrases. In everyday language use, different questions arise. For example, you might want to know if it is appropriate to use a word, or what the story is behind a phrase. Or one hears or reads a word that one does not yet know or about which one is unsure how to spell or pronounce it or what to consider when using it. In such cases, it is best to look it up in a dictionary. Additional questions may arise, e.g. which sources are evaluated for such a reference work or how a word gets into the dictionary.
This article aims to show that the Greek word lai’mos (“throat”) whose origin is unclear, seems to belong to a particular phonestheme, LvC, that was sketched out by Prellwitz as early as 1905.
NEOLOGISMOS NO PORTUGUÊS DE RORAIMA Eliabe dos Santos Procópio; Everton Oliveira Silva
Muiraquitã,
12/2022, Letnik:
10, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The present study identifies and characterizes neologisms in the Brazilian Portuguese spoken in the Northern state of Roraima. To this end, it discusses the concept of neologism (ALVES, 1996; ...GUILBERT, 1973) and its classification criteria (MATIELLO, 2017; JESUS, 2018; CARVALHO, 2009); its methodology is based on Hartmann and James (1998), and comprises the use of the introspection method, textual research (compilation of a corpus), the collection of informal conversations and comparison between collected data and general dictionaries and corpora. The results indicate that (1) some neologisms are typical (they seem to be used across the Northern region of Brazil),whereas others are specific to the state of Roraima; as the former were found to be prevalent, this confirms the relationship between Roraima Portuguese and other Northern varieties; (2) the neologism pattern is formal, which makes it possible to create new lexical units based on previous models (by analogy); (3) loan-type neologisms come from contact with indigenous peoples and with Venezuelans; (4) there are many Tupi-based neologisms, and they are already included in dictionaries; (5) loans from other indigenous languages are scarce, due to colonizing policies that sought to erase autochthonous cultures; (6) no Anglicisms from Guyana were found, despite the intense border exchange with the neighboring country; and (7) general Portuguese dictionaries present inconsistencies as to dating, initials and location of words linked to the Roraima context.
A full-length study of monocollocable words, i.e. words whose usage is severely restricted to one or a few combinations only (such as English ado in without much/further ado), that brings together ...corpus-based data from the four languages along with studies analysing, along both general and language-specific lines, monocollocable words in terms of their frequency, lexical as well as morphosyntactic behaviour, and various facets of their peripheral status. Each of the four langauges covered, namely, English, Italian, German and Czech also offers a short introduction of the respective languages written in English, Italian, German and Czech. A rare contribution to our knowledge of an as yet little studied field, the book will attract the attention of, and stimulate a new interest in, all who are ready to acknowledge that collocation is a core phenomenon of language - lexicologists, lexicographers with a focus on phraseology, language typologists, linguists with a contrastive and historical agenda, and language teachers alike.
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