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•Stabilization of lipid vesicles extends their applications in biomedical field.•Lipid vesicles composite with carbohydrates graphene oxide.•Deliver drugs at a rate directed to the ...needs of the body.•Lipid vesicles prolong the drug removal and function as a sustained release drug delivery system.
Lipid vesicles emerge as a novel nanocarrier for the treatment of various ailments like wound healing, acute liver injury, cancer, tuberculosis, and oral infections. Lipid vesicular nanocarrier shows certain limitations like drug leakage, degradation of biomolecules (proteins and peptides), low encapsulation efficiency, penetration, and toxicity that affects the drug release. The formulation of lipid vesicles by using microfluidic, membrane contactor, supercritical fluid injection methods resulting in improvement of shelf-life, encapsulation efficiencies (>90%), prolonged stability (6 months), particle size (5 to 500 nm) and zeta potential (−10 to −30 mV). Conjugation of graphene, quantum dots, carbohydrates like cyclodextrin and chitosan with liposome exhibits physicochemical stability, biocompatibility, prevents biodegradability, drug leakage and increases drug loading capacity. This review article delivers an overview of the recent trends and technologies for the stabilization of lipid vesicles to extend the applications in theranostics, biosensing, bio-imaging and controlled delivery in the treatment of breast and lung cancer.
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•Formulation aspects of lipid-based vesicular systems in dermal and transdermal drug delivery.•Vesicular systems for the delivery of hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs.•Case studies to ...emphasize the specific utility of lipid-based vesicular systems.
Topical and transdermal application of active pharmaceutical ingredients to the skin is an attractive strategy being explored by formulation scientists to treat disease conditions rather than the oral drug delivery. Several approaches have been attempted, and many of them have emerged with significant clinical potential. However, the delivery of drugs across the skin is an arduous task due to permeation limiting barriers. It, therefore, requires the aid of external agents or carrier systems for efficient permeation. Lipid-based vesicular systems are carriers for the transport of drugs through the stratum corneum (dermal drug delivery) and into the bloodstream for systemic action (transdermal drug delivery) overcoming the barrier properties. This review article describes the various vesicular systems reported for skin delivery of actives with relevant case studies. The vesicular systems presented here are in the order of their advent from conventional systems to the advanced lipid vesicles. The design and development of drugs in vesicular systems have brought a new dimension to the treatment of disease conditions overcoming the permeation limiting barriers, thus improving its efficacy.
Compartmentalization is an intrinsic feature of living cells that allows spatiotemporal control over the biochemical pathways expressed in them. Over the years, a library of compartmentalized systems ...has been generated, which includes nano to micrometer sized biomimetic vesicles derived from lipids, amphiphilic block copolymers, peptides, and nanoparticles. Biocatalytic vesicles have been developed using a simple bag containing enzyme design of liposomes to multienzymes immobilized multi-vesicular compartments for artificial cell generation. Additionally, enzymes were also entrapped in membrane-less coacervate droplets to mimic the cytoplasmic macromolecular crowding mechanisms. Here, we have discussed different types of single and multicompartment systems, emphasizing their recent developments as biocatalytic self-assembled structures using recent examples. Importantly, we have summarized the strategies in the development of the self-assembled structure to improvise their adaptivity and flexibility for enzyme immobilization. Finally, we have presented the use of biocatalytic assemblies in mimicking different aspects of living cells, which further carves the path for the engineering of a minimal cell.
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•Extensive discussion on single and multicompartment biochemical vesicles.•Types and synthesis of self-assembled biocatalytic vesicles for enzyme immobilization.•Methods to improvise the adaptivity and flexibility for in vivo and in vitro applications.•multicompartment vesicles for the encapsulation of multienzymes to study cascade reactions.•Biochemical micro-and nanoreactors towards sub-cellular mimics and artificial cell development.
Lipid vesicles can provide a cost-effective enhancement of skin drug absorption when vesicle production process is optimised. It is an important challenge to design the ideal vesicle, since their ...properties and features are related, as changes in one affect the others. Here, we review the main components, preparation and characterization methods commonly used, and the key properties that lead to highly efficient vesicles for transdermal drug delivery purposes. We stand by size, deformability degree and drug loading, as the most important vesicle features that determine the further transdermal drug absorption. The interest in this technology is increasing, as demonstrated by the exponential growth of publications on the topic. Although long-term preservation and scalability issues have limited the commercialization of lipid vesicle products, freeze-drying and modern escalation methods overcome these difficulties, thus predicting a higher use of these technologies in the market and clinical practice.
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•Lipid vesicles can provide a cost-effective enhancement of skin drug absorption.•Lipid vesicles composition and production method mainly determine their features.•Vesicles allow the permeability of > 500 Da molecules.•Vesicle enhancement depends mainly on the size, flexibility and drug content.•Long-term preservation of vesicles can be successfully achieved by freeze-drying.
A gene-directed chemical communication pathway between synthetic protocell signaling transmitters (lipid vesicles) and receivers (proteinosomes) was designed, built and tested using a bottom-up ...modular approach comprising small molecule transcriptional control, cell-free gene expression, porin-directed efflux, substrate signaling, and enzyme cascade-mediated processing.
Hybrid lipid membranes incorporating amphiphilic copolymers have gained significant attention due to their potential applications in various fields, including drug delivery and sensing. By combining ...the properties of copolymers and lipid membranes, such as enhanced chemical tunability and stability, environmental responsiveness, and multidomain nature, novel membrane architectures have been proposed. In this study, we investigated the potentialities of hybrid membranes made of two distinct components: the rigid fully saturated phospholipid 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) and the soft copolymer poly(butadiene-b-ethyleneoxide) (PBD-b-PEO). The objective was to explore the interaction of citrate-coated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and the hybrid membrane, aiming at constructing AuNPs-hybrid vesicles suprastructures with controlled and adjustable plasmonic properties. A series of experimental techniques were employed to investigate hybrid free-standing and supported membranes. The results revealed that the incorporation of the copolymer into the lipid membrane promotes AuNPs clustering, demonstrating a distinctive aggregative phenomenon of citrate-coated AuNPs on multidomain membranes. Importantly, we show that the size and morphology of AuNPs clusters can be precisely controlled in non-homogeneous membranes, enabling the formation of hybrid suprastructures with controlled patch properties. These results highlight the potential of lipid-copolymer hybrid membranes for designing functional materials with tailored plasmonic properties, with potential applications in nanomedicine and sensing.
We study a synthetic system of motile
Escherichia coli
bacteria encapsulated inside giant lipid vesicles. Forces exerted by the bacteria on the inner side of the membrane are sufficient to extrude ...membrane tubes filled with one or several bacteria. We show that a physical coupling between the membrane tube and the flagella of the enclosed cells transforms the tube into an effective helical flagellum propelling the vesicle. We develop a simple theoretical model to estimate the propulsive force from the speed of the vesicles and demonstrate the good efficiency of this coupling mechanism. Together, these results point to design principles for conferring motility to synthetic cells.
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Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) deficiency is a widespread condition because of its different aetiologies, like malabsorption syndrome or lifestyles as strict veganism that is increasing ...its incidence and prevalence in developed countries. It has important haematological consequences that require pharmacological treatment. Current therapy consists of oral or parenteral supplements of cyanocobalamin; however, the oral route is discarded for malabsorption syndrome patients and the parenteral route is not well accepted generally. Topical treatments have been suggested as an alternative, but the molecular weight and hydrophilicity of cyanocobalamin limits its diffusion through the skin. Lipid vesicles can allow the transdermal absorption of molecules > 500 Da. The aim of this work was to use different ultraflexible lipid vesicles (transfersomes and ethosomes) to enhance cyanocobalamin transdermal delivery. Vesicles were characterized and lyophilised for long-term stability. The ability to deliver cyanocobalamin through the skin was assessed in vitro using full-thickness porcine skin in Franz diffusion cells. As expected, the best transdermal fluxes were provided by ultraflexible vesicles, in comparison to a drug solution. Moreover, the pre-treatment of the skin with a solid microneedle array boosts the amount of drug that could potentially reach the systemic circulation.
Protocells: Milestones and Recent Advances Gözen, Irep; Köksal, Elif Senem; Põldsalu, Inga ...
Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany),
05/2022, Letnik:
18, Številka:
18
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The origin of life is still one of humankind's great mysteries. At the transition between nonliving and living matter, protocells, initially featureless aggregates of abiotic matter, gain the ...structure and functions necessary to fulfill the criteria of life. Research addressing protocells as a central element in this transition is diverse and increasingly interdisciplinary. The authors review current protocell concepts and research directions, address milestones, challenges and existing hypotheses in the context of conditions on the early Earth, and provide a concise overview of current protocell research methods.
A review of the state of the art in protocell research is presented, following a concise overview of early Earth conditions relevant to protocell development. Compartment concepts, progress in experimental and theoretical research on protocell models, as well as fabrication technologies are summarized. The TOC image was inspired by a painting by W. Kandinsky.
Photosynthesis is responsible for the photochemical conversion of light into the chemical energy that fuels the planet Earth. The photochemical core of this process in all photosynthetic organisms is ...a transmembrane protein called the reaction center. In purple photosynthetic bacteria a simple version of this photoenzyme catalyzes the reduction of a quinone molecule, accompanied by the uptake of two protons from the cytoplasm. This results in the establishment of a proton concentration gradient across the lipid membrane, which can be ultimately harnessed to synthesize ATP. Herein we show that synthetic protocells, based on giant lipid vesicles embedding an oriented population of reaction centers, are capable of generating a photoinduced proton gradient across the membrane. Under continuous illumination, the protocells generate a gradient of 0.061 pH units per min, equivalent to a proton motive force of 3.6 mV·min−1. Remarkably, the facile reconstitution of the photosynthetic reaction center in the artificial lipid membrane, obtained by the droplet transfer method, paves the way for the construction of novel and more functional protocells for synthetic biology.
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