Durante décadas Jorge Amado, mais que um escritor, Jorge Amado converteu-se em uma espécie de ícone do Brasil, trazendo para suas obras espaços e personagens identificados com as margens ...e ressaltando as marcas africanas de nossa cultura. Esse Brasil apagado no próprio território conquistou leitores em muitos países. Nas antigas colônias portuguesas na África, a interlocução tão viva, além de leitores, motivou o exercício da escrita e interferiu intensamente na formação de autores decisivos na vida literária dos novos países.
At the heart of the drug trade are people: those who demand illicit substances and, the focus of this book, those who meet those demands. Most of the people who are involved in the drug trade are ...regular folks who live banal lives.¹ Many, though certainly not all, of the individuals who form the enterprises that largely buttress the drug trade are people who come from the margins of society. They are people like José, Adelita, Calista, Biggs, Renzo, and the more than sixty others whose firsthand experiences informed these pages. These individuals, like many others, failed to see a
This article aims to re-examine theories of ritual, drawing from a case study on “danjiri festivals” and focusing on the idea of “the margins of society.” Durkheim’s concept of collective ...effervescence, one of the most influential theories of ritual, retains its explanatory power with regard to ritual by small groups; however, we need to confirm its effectiveness in explaining large-scale urban rituals. This is because it is impossible to assume collective effervescence in a gigantic and complex urban system that would involve all its elements. We examine two cases, “Kishiwada Danjiri Festival” and “Ootori Danjiri Festival,” both held in the city of Osaka in Japan. A comparison of these cases has brought the following to light: there is interaction between the two festivals, and a large-scale cultural sphere has been constructed, one that cannot be found through investigation of individual rituals. In addition, the emergence of stratification in the social evaluation of rituals and the exchange of personnel have played an important role in the formation of this cultural sphere. Conventional theories of ritual that focus on collective effervescence cannot explain the complex interlocking mechanisms and multi-layered nature of the motivating force behind ritual, but this study has demonstrated that by introducing the perspective of “the margins of society,” improvements can be made in this respect.
