Based on the syntactic analysis of the essays composed in the course of the matura examination in 2019, the article seeks to answer the following major questions: How well are 12th grade pupils ...capable of observing the syntactic norms while writing a fluent text? Which syntactic phenomena do pupils find the most troublesome? A quantitative study revealed that the pupils have an insufficient knowledge of syntactic norms. Pupils find case government, the combinability of words, the choice of word forms in a phrase and in a sentence the most troublesome. The greatest syntactic problem is the incorrect use of cases. What is most obvious and problematic concerning case-related mistakes is the use of the instrumental case to express a state instead of the second component of double cases. The expression of the indefinite amount of things and the whole is also rather troublesome (the use of the accusative case instead of the genitive case expressing an indefinite amount or a part). In their essays, pupils often make mistakes in the use of the gerund. The mistakes related to the composition of the complex sentence are also rather numerous. It should be noted that the teaching of language system-related topics should pay adequate attention to the practical issues of language teaching as well as to tasks focusing on the correct usage of the spoken and written language. The errors made by 12th grade pupils show that it is essential to improve the skills of the correct usage of syntactic constructions in the final grades with due regard to the individual needs of pupils and the class.
The aim is to analyse assessments of Lithuanian language and literature for the entire secondary school student population focusing on gender comparison, and development of models for the prediction ...of achievements. We use the results of the 10th grade test for the period 2011–2015 and the same cohorts in the Matura exam. Gender differences are observed in analysed national centralized assessments. The distribution of the 10th grade test achievements resembles the bell-shaped curve, whereas the Matura – do not.
The present research investigates gender gaps in the results of secondary school exit exams (Matura) in mathematics in Poland in 2015. The analysis shows that, in the basic level exam, males are ...highly overrepresented at the upper end of the score distribution. The same pattern did not exist in the extended-level Matura. Two explanations are offered here. The differences are driven by gender self-selection in high school programs. Students who decide on maths-related tracks have more maths lessons than other students. Secondly, a student who takes the extended Matura also has to take the basic Matura exam. As a result, the population of students taking the basic Matura is highly differentiated in terms of maths competence and motivation. Additionally, the analysis of differential item functioning (DIF) shows that only a few items were flagged as having DIF.
The study focuses on matura exams conducted at secondary technical schools in Czechoslovakia during the so-called normalisation period (1969-1989). It describes their form, organisation and course. ...At the same time, however, it also presents the practice (including the reasons for this practice) that the communist regime in Czechoslovakia used to influence the exams. The text is based on the recollections of eyewitnesses - secondary technical school teachers, obtained through the oral history method within the historiographical approach of the history of everyday life, as well as on the study of historical archival sources, period legislation and periodicals. In addition to the actual form, organisation and course of the matura exam at secondary technical schools, the study shows how teachers and students coped with the challenges posed by the communist regime in relation to the exams.
AbstractThe prohibition of interfaith marriage is stipulated in the Indonesian Marriage Law where this practice is considered valid when conducted according to the laws of each respective religion ...and belief. This is supported by the Compilation of Islamic Law, regulating the prohibition of interfaith marriage. This research aimed to analyze the prohibition of interfaith marriage using a qualitative methodology with normatively on the regulations and Indonesian Supreme Court Decision Number 1977/K/PDT/2017. The results showed that Supreme Court Justices reject the review of the rules governing interfaith marriage submitted by a couple (Islam and Christianity). This was because the concept violated the Human Rights Law, the Marriage Law, the Compilation of Islamic Law, and the Fatwa of the Indonesian Ulema Council. Furthermore, the decision was in conflict with human rights concerning an individual’s freedom to have beliefs and form a family. Pluralist groups also viewed this prohibition as more of a political nature under the guise of religion. Therefore, many interfaith couples preferred unregistered marriage abroad before recording in the Civil Registry Office, which represented a form of legal smuggling in Indonesia as the impact of perplex on this issue.
AbstractEvidence from literature shows that wellbeing has been considerably picking the drift for a decade as a path to find oneself in a chaotic world. Complimentary to this, the tourism industry is ...invested in tailoring its services and paying attention to tourist wellbeing. Therefore, this study pioneers in reviewing the plethora of research that amplifies tourist wellbeing and attempts to redefine its conceptualization in addition to underscoring the need for its practical application. We strengthened the methodology by using the SMART approach to define the literature’s parameters, PRISMA for the purpose of data transparency and R bibliometric tools for a comprehensive analysis of data. The inclusion of records at every stage was presented using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, 2020. N = 279 papers were extracted from Scopus for the final synthesis using Bibliometric tools to map the prospects of the domain. Findings highlight the need to broaden the horizons of tourist wellbeing in concept and practice to make the industry more sustainable and resilient. The responsibility to rebuild tourist-wellbeing vests on stakeholders and scholars by underscoring the potential of the contemporary tourism industry. This study lays out a foundational dimension for future research in the area of tourist wellbeing.
AbstractThe skill and tactical application of key stages of badminton usually show a decisive impact on the competition results. In this research, the skill and tactical performances of Lee Chong Wei ...in 10 representative matches of the Olympic Games, World Championships and Open in the Quarter, Quarter and Final, respectively, were selected for study. A one-way ANOVA with paired samples t-test was used to analyze the differences of their relevant skill parameters between the ace-shot and misses. Lee Chong Wei is accustomed to serving backhand nets and uses lift shot skills when receiving serves for the first shot on key points, while the mainstream skill of the second shot is drop shot, resulting poor lift shot effect. Furthermore, the multi-shot skill is mainly used to hit the opponent’s forecourt backhand area, and the lift shot skill is conducive to scoring, while the picking skill is ineffective.
AbstractFarming communities confronted with climate change adopt formal and informal adaptation strategies to mitigate the effects of climate change. While the environmental and social effects of ...climate change are well documented, there is still a dearth of literature on girl-child marriage (formal marriage or informal union between a child under the age of 18 and an adult or another child) as a response to the effects of climate change. In this research, we ask if girl-child marriage is promoted as a social protection mechanism first, rather than as simply a response to climate-induced poverty. We use qualitative semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions to explore this question in a rural farming community in Northern Ghana. Our findings reveal that climate change shocks result in poverty and compel farmers to marry off their young daughters. The unmarried girl-child is perceived as an ‘extra mouth to feed’, a liability whose marriage becomes a strategy for protecting the family, the family’s reputation, and the girl child. The emphasis in girl-child marriage is not on the girl-child as an individual but on the family as a group. Hence, what is good for the family is assumed to be in the best interest of the girl-child. We place our analysis at the intersection of climate change, social protection, and the incidence of girl-child marriages. We argue that understanding this link is crucial and can contribute significantly to our knowledge of girl-child marriage as well as our ability to address this in Sub-Saharan Africa.
AbstractThe desire to make transport infrastructure a universal good that all who need it could use has stimulated research works on assessing the impact of transport decisions on social welfare and ...equitable distribution of cost, benefits and opportunities. To trigger alternative policy debates, this paper employs the social equity framework and spells out the socio-economic pitfalls and undesired consequences of road infrastructure expansion and the power dynamics involved in Ethiopia. Data were collected and analysed through literature review, and inductive and normative analysis techniques. The paper found that although the massive road development is driven by the country’s developmental state political economy, international partners have stimulated the desire through the provision of finance. Thus, the large sum of money pumped into road infrastructure has depleted resources from other social sectors such as education and health, and created an unprecedented debt burden on the country. Road expansion has also disproportionately affected the poor who have shouldered most of its undesired socio-economic impacts such as the disruption of social cohesion, displacement, congestion, traffic accidents and environmental impacts. Furthermore, it was found that the decision-making process is affected by ethnic favouritism, urban bias and a top-down approach where the rural poor and peripheral areas are deprived of the power to influence decisions and equitably benefit from any connectivity programs.
AbstractAmidst the vast landscapes of Saudi Arabia lies a rich tapestry of recreational pursuits, with hunting and camping at its core. However, a comprehensive understanding of the motivations and ...challenges associated with these traditional activities remains scant. The primary objective of this study was to explore the driving factors behind individuals’ engagement in hunting and camping as recreational pursuits and to identify the challenges they encounter. Adopting a qualitative research design, 43 male participants, aged 20 to more than 50, were purposively selected and interviewed using a semi-structured format. The instrument encompassed two main sections: demographic details and four key interview questions. Thematic analysis was employed to interpret the data. Findings from this study illuminated a diverse array of motivations driving individuals towards hunting and camping activities in Saudi Arabia. These motivations span from cultural heritage, an escape from urbanization, adventure, and social bonding, to government promotions and spiritual connections. Conversely, participants face multifaceted challenges, including environmental unpredictability, bureaucratic complexities, technological intrusions, mental challenges, safety concerns, and financial constraints. Delving into these intricate dynamics, the study offers an enriched understanding of recreational motivations and their challenges in the Saudi context, bridging a notable academic gap and paving the way for future research and informed policy-making.