The association between the physical health of older people and the frequency of going out has been reported, and in recent years, local governments have developed transportation support programs for ...older people. Although previous studies show an association between the frequency of going out and functional health status, little has been reported on the impact of the choice of means of transport on instrumental activities of daily living (IADL).
To evaluate the association between choice of transportation means and the risk of decline in IADL among older adults.
We conducted an observational, population (community-dwelling)-based cohort study using data from the Resident Health Status Survey, and longitudinal panel data at 2-time points in 2016 and 2019. In addition, we combined this panel data and a database on people who were certified as requiring long-term care to identify participants' IADL. The propensity score matching method was used to classify the respondents into two groups, "active means of transportation" and "passive means of transportation," and determine the risk of a decline in means-tested independence after 3 years.
Active means were used by 6,280 (76.2%) and passive means were used by 1,865 (22.6%). 999 (12.1%) individuals declined in IADL in 2019. The results of the comparison by balancing the attributes of "active means of transportation" and "passive means of transportation," with propensity score matching, showed that "passive means of transportation" were more likely to be "active" than "passive means of transportation," and "active" was more likely to be "passive" The risk of IADL decline was significantly higher than that of "active means of transportation" with an RR of 1.93 (95% CI: 1.62-2.30).
Passive means of transportation in older adults could be a possible risk for decreasing IADL 3 years later. Increasing the number of opportunities and places in the community for older adults to use active means of transportation may be effective in encouraging socially independent living among older adults.
To describe and analyze the healthiness of formal and informal food establishments in bus terminals of the metropolitan region of the state of Rio de Janeiro.
An audit was conducted in 156 formal and ...127 informal food establishments located in 14 bus terminals of the five most populous cities of the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro. Proportions of types of establishments and means (95%CI) of food availability indicators in formal and informal settings were calculated. For the formal setting, prices, proportions of accepted payment methods, days and hours of operation, and food categories with displayed advertising were described.
The healthiness of food establishments in bus terminals was low (less than 36%). On average, ultra-processed food subgroups were 250% more available for purchase than fresh or minimally processed food. Purchasing food at these places was convenient because several forms of payment were available, and the opening hours of the establishments followed the peaks of movement. In addition, 73.3% of the advertising referred to ultra-processed drinks, and the cost-benefit of buying ultra-processed food was better than fresh or minimally processed food.
The food environment of bus terminals in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro promotes unhealthy eating. Regulatory public policies should focus on initiatives to limit the wide availability and advertising of ultra-processed food in spaces of great circulation of people.
Against the backdrop of two theoretical frameworks, Critical Metaphor Analysis (Charteris-Black, 2004; Musolff, 2006, 2016, 2017) and multimodality from a cognitive viewpoint (Bounegru and ...Forceville, 2011; Forceville, 1996, 2008; Forceville and Urios-Aparisi, 2009; etc.), in this paper we address the topic of Brexit unfolded in pictorial and multimodal discourse in media in order to explore how this topic is communicated via metaphors in political cartoons. Our analysis focuses on the journey metaphor scenario, one of the most pervasive metaphor scenarios in Brexit-related political cartoons, particularly emphasising one of its structural elements, namely the means of transportation. The data collection for the analysis consists of 48 cartoons contained in a video clip named 100 Best Brexit Cartoons, made available on YouTube five days after the EU membership referendum took place in the UK. Our aim is twofold: to show how the means of transportation metaphor scenario is used to simplify and facilitate the understanding of the complex relations between Britain and the EU at a critical point in their history as well as how the use of the journey metaphor scenario in multimodal discourse becomes a powerful tool for conveying evaluative content when set within a specific socio-political context.
Using Meizhou City as an example, the aim of this study was to verify whether e-bike sharing systems can improve the convenience of engaging in leisure and tourism activities in cities, and thus ...increase residents’ well-being. First, quantitative research was carried out to collect data on users’ opinions. Then, qualitative research was carried out to obtain the opinions of experts. Finally, the investigation was conducted using multivariate review analysis. The results of the research showed that e-bikes should be classified based on electric quantity, the rental fee should be charged based on mileage, and the relevant corporate information should be integrated. It is also necessary to develop a software interface with functions for users to rent e-bikes and search for information related to consumption, leisure, and travel activities, and make promotion plans. Finally, people need to be encouraged to cycle to obtain the benefits of leisure and exercise. In this manner, the convenience of participation in leisure and tourism activities can be increased, people’s physical and mental health will be substantially improved, and the happiness index of the people and the city will increase.
This paper considers the most suitable market segment(s) from an environmental and local economic development perspective in the specific context of visits to natural environments. More specifically, ...the paper explores the distinctions and differences between tourists (non-residents) and residents with regard to visit behavior at natural attractions. By using the CHAID algorithm, a decision tree is constructed for means of transportation which serves as a key factor in the segmentation process. However, such a tree for visitors' resident or non-resident status cannot be built as a first explicative variable, unless it is statistically forced. Once it is forced, the tree opens in several sub-segments, for non-residents and residents alike. Finally, it allows understanding of the means of transportation used by visitors according to their geographical origin as well as a set of added independent variables: accommodation establishment, length of stay, season, and other demographic variables (educational level, gender, and age). Also, more importantly, we have obtained segments with no overlap configured according to all the aforementioned variables. This is a very strong result from a methodological point of view and for policy makers in destination settings.
Tourism market segmentation; CHAID algorithm; Means of transportation used; Canary resident/non-residents; Economic impacts; Environmental impacts; Accommodation; Stays; Statistics; Tourism; Environmental economics; Tourism economics; Marketing
Abstract Objectives To investigate the association between means of transportation to work and overweight + obesity and obesity. Methods The 2004 public health survey in Skåne is a cross-sectional ...postal questionnaire study of the population aged 18–80 with a 59% response rate including 16,705 employed participants. Results Forty-six percent of men and 26.6% of women were overweight (BMI 25.0–29.9); 11.6% of men and 10.3% of women were obese (BMI 30.0–); 18.2% of men and 25.9% of women bicycled and/or walked to work and 10.4% and 16.2% used public transportation, respectively. In contrast, 68.3% of men and 55.8% of women went to work by car. The odds ratios of overweight + obesity among persons who walked or bicycled were significantly lower and remained 0.62 (95% CI 0.51–0.76) among men and 0.79 (95% CI 0.67–0.94) among women in the models including all confounders compared to the car driving reference category. The odds ratios of obesity were initially significantly lower among both men and women who walked or bicycled, but in the final models only among women. The odds ratios of overweight + obesity as well as obesity were also lower among men using public transportation. Conclusions Walking and bicycling to work are significantly negatively associated with overweight + obesity and, to some extent, obesity. Public transportation is significantly negatively associated with overweight + obesity and obesity among men.
Social protection programmes such as the Livelihood Empowerment Against Poverty (LEAP) programme are meant to improve access to services including formal healthcare and enhance quality of life of ...beneficiaries. However, beneficiaries are still faced with various barriers to services such as formal healthcare.
In this study, with the aid of socio-economic and demographic factors, we predict the likelihood of transportation barriers to formal healthcare utilisation among poor older people under the LEAP programme in Ghana.
The study finds that females are significantly more likely to encounter transportation barriers to formal healthcare utilisation compared with their male counterparts (AOR = 2.22; C1 = 0.869–5.673; P = 0.006). Also, we find that respondents aged 85 years or above are significantly more likely to encounter transportation barriers to formal healthcare utilisation than the other age groups (AOR = 1.66; C1 = 0.860–3.710; P = 0.003). Furthermore, we reveal that participants who receive a monthly income of GHS 201 or more are significantly less likely to encounter transportation barriers to formal healthcare utilisation (AOR = 0.784; CI = 0.313–1.962; P = 0.003).
The results suggest that gender-based development programmes (education and skills training) at the early stages of life would be needed to ensure economic empowerment, adequate preparation towards old age, and reduce transportation barriers to formal healthcare utilisation among poor older people especially the females. Based on the findings, we conclude that a genuine commitment on the part of social programme implementers to improve cash transfer amounts and ensure regular transfers is likely to lessen transportation barriers among the poor older people in formal healthcare utilisation.
•We present models to predict transportation barriers to healthcare utilisation among poor older people under a social protection programme, the Livelihood Empowerment Against Poverty.•Females are significantly more likely to experience transportation barriers as compared to their male counterparts.•People with high incomes are significantly less likely to experience transportation barriers to healthcare utilisation as compared to people with low incomes.•We suggest that there should be gender-based development policies to improve the quality of lives of poor older people, especially females, at all stages in life to prepare them well for old age.
Prin noţiunea „declarare” urmează a fi înţeles prezentarea organului vamal – după o formă stabilită în scris, verbală,
prin metode de prezentare şi transmitere a informaţiei prin reţeaua electronică ...de comunicare – a datelor exacte despre
mărfuri, unităţi şi mijloace de transport şi alte obiecte, despre destinaţia lor vamală, precum şi a altor date necesare în
scopuri vamale 3, p.77.DECLARATION OF GOODS AND MEANS OF TRANSPORT TO THE CUSTOMS OFFICEThe notion „declaration” is understood as the presentation to the customs office, according to a determined procedure,
in written form, orally, through means of presentation and transmission of the information through the electronic commu-
nication network of exact details about goods, means of transportation and other objects, about their intended destination,
as well as other necessary details for the customs purposes.
The goals of this study were as follows: (1) to increase the basic knowledge of offender demographics and geographical characteristics in residential burglaries by taking into account the means of ...transportation used in the offence; and (2) to explore the possibility that the information about the means of transportation improves the investigation of residential burglaries. A correspondence analysis of the means of transportation and offender demographics yielded two dimensions - criminality and age. Regarding geographical characteristics, from descriptive statistics of residence-to-crime distance and distance between offences, offenders using walking or a bicycle (neighbour type) had a smaller offence area near the residence than offenders using a motor vehicle, a motorcycle, or public transportation (regional type). As information intended for practical application, the ROC curve revealed that descriptive statistics of distance between offences is effective for prediction of neighbour and regional type offenders (AUC ≥ 0.70). Furthermore, as a result of applying methods of estimating the location of the offender's residence to neighbour and regional type offenders, narrow estimates of the area containing the offender's residence at a high rate were obtained for neighbour type offenders. The results were discussed in terms of their usefulness for burglary investigations.
The metropolitan growth of cities affects most Latin-American countries nowadays, producing human settlements on the outskirts of the cities. Sprawled areas reveal a number of important ...characteristics of functional integrity with respect to downtowns. Mobility of people within the Queretaro Metropolitan Area (QMA) is our case study, so this research analyzes the characteristics of the movement of people within this medium-sized Mexican city. By using survey data and both descriptive statistics and logistic regression methods, we examine the socioeconomic characteristics of individuals which most influence the choice of urban means of transportation. The results achieved show the way in which individual income is a crucial factor when speaking about the choice of means of transportation: the more income increase, the more significant influence produces on the travel rate of the people studied.
El fenómeno metropolitano afecta hoy en día a la mayor parte de los países latinoamericanos, produciendo asentamientos humanos en la periferia de las ciudades, los cuales presentan características de integración funcional a su núcleo central. La presente investigación se centra en el análisis de las características de los desplazamientos de personas en la Zona Metropolitana de Querétaro (ZMQ), como caso de estudio. Mediante el empleo de estadística descriptiva y de regresiones logísticas, analiza las características socioeconómicas de los individuos que influyen en su elección de un medio de transporte. Los resultados muestran cómo el ingreso del individuo es un factor determinante en la elección del medio de transporte y cómo ese ingreso, al incrementarse, influye de manera determinante en la tasa de viajes de los habitantes estudiados.
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