Development of longer pepper resistant lines to Potato Virus Y (PVY) Ãelik, Ä°., West Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute, Antalya (Turkey); Ãzalp, R., West Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute, Antalya (Turkey); Ãelik, N., West Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute, Antalya (Turkey) ...
Derim,
12/2013, Letnik:
30, Številka:
2
Journal Article
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Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), is one of the most important vegetable species produced both in the world and in Turkey. Turkey is in third place in pepper production in the world. There are many ...viruses affecting and limiting pepper production. Potato Y virus (PVY), a member of the genus potyvirus, is one of the most common viruses infecting pepper crops. Improving resistant pepper varieties against the disease is more advantageous and easy way to control disease in production area. There are 4 races such as PVY0, PVY1 and PVY1-2 in the world. The dominant Pvr4 resistance gene in wild type SCM 334 pepper confers a complete resistance to the three pathotypes of potato virus. In this study, resistant genotype SCM 334 and susceptible long pepper inbred line were crossed to improve resistance in breeding lines. To eliminate the undesirable characteristics of the resistant genotypes, resistant line was backcrossed three times with susceptible genotypes. Mechanical inoculation and molecular methods were used to determine the reaction of backcross progenies to the disease. The dominant CAPS markers were used to determine resistant and susceptible plants and results from the mechanical inoculation method were verified with the CAPS marker. This study is a part of "Improvement of F1 Hybrid Vegetable Varieties and Qualified Lines in Turkey" basic project and financed by Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK-KAMAG 109G029).
Biber (Capsicum annuum L.), Dünya'da ve Türkiye'de üretilen en önemli sebze türlerinden biridir. Türkiye biber üretiminde dünyada üçüncü sırada yer almaktadır. Biberde hastalık oluÅturan ve biber üretimini sınırlayan pek çok virüs bulunmaktadır. Patates Y Virüsü (PVY) biber yetiÅtirilen alanlarda verim ve kalite kayıplarına sebep olmaktadır. Bu hastalıkla mücadelede en kolay ve en ekonomik yol dayanıklı çeÅitlerin kullanılmasıdır. Dünya'da PVY'nin, PVY0, PVY1 ve PVY1Â2 olmak üzere üç ırkı mevcut olup, tümüne dayanıklılık yabani SCM 334 biber genitöründe bulunan dominant Pvr4 geni tarafından saÄlanmaktadır. Bu çalıÅmada SCM 334 biber genitörü kullanılarak sivri biber çeÅidine geri melezleme ile Pvr4 geninin aktarılması amaçlanmıÅtır. Dayanıklı genotipin meyve Åeklini düzeltmek için hassas genotip ile üç kez geri melezlenmiÅtir. Dayanıklı ve hassas bitkileri belirlemek amacıyla mekanik inolukasyon ve moleküler testlemeler yapılmıÅtır. Moleküler testlemelerde Pvr4 geni ile baÄlantılı ve bu gene oldukça yakın olan kodominant CAPS (cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence) moleküler markırı kullanılmıÅtır. Mekanik inokulasyon ile testleme sonuçları moleküler testleme sonuçlarını doÄrulamaktadır. Bu çalıÅma, TUBÄ°TAK-KAMAG 109G029 nolu projenin bir bölümüdür.
A full-length cDNA clone (p35SuCMoV) of the sunflower chlorotic mottle virus common strain (SuCMoV-C) genomic RNA was constructed. Three cDNA fragments covering the whole genome of SuCMoV-C were ...cloned between a cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter and a nopaline synthase terminator. Mechanical inoculation of sunflower and
Nicotiana occidentalis
seedlings with p35SuCMoV DNA led to systemic infection. Symptoms induced by p35SuCMoV were similar to those caused by the wild-type SuCMoV-C but appeared four days later. Infection was confirmed by a western blot test, electron microscopy, RT-PCR and inoculation of progeny virions to sunflower seedlings. This is the first report about the construction of a biologically active, full-length cDNA copy of the SuCMoV-C RNA genome.
A virus detected in symptomatic Trifolium pratense L. plants in the Czech Republic had bacilliform virions which in thin sections occurred solely in phloem tissues and measured 220–500 nm by 30–31.5 ...nm. The virus was mechanically transmitted to Nicotiana occidentalis Wheeler, accession 37B. The partial nucleotide sequence (540 bp; accession number JX069965) with similarity to open reading frame III of the badnavirus genome was amplified from total genomic DNA, extracted from the plants. The new sequence had 74.4% nucleotide identity to that of Ananas comosus endogenous virus in the polyprotein gene covering reverse transcriptase. The results suggest that the Czech isolate from clover should be regarded as a new member of the genus Badnavirus, for which the name Red clover bacilliform virus is suggested. This is the first report of a tentative member of Badnavirus genus occurring in forage crops.
Vascular puncture inoculation (VPI) of plant viruses previously has been conducted either manually or by use of a commercial engraving tool and laboratory-fabricated needle arrays. In an effort to ...improve this technique, a linear-motion tattoo machine driving industry-standard needle arrays was tested as a means of delivering plant viruses into maize and small grain seed embryos. The new method was applied in the successful transmission of maize rayado fino virus (MRFV), the type member of the genus
Marafivirus
, from an archived sample to maize. Subsequent transfer of MRFV from the sap of an infected plant using the method produced an average infection rate in maize of 70% (range 39–93%). Maize, oat, and triticale were successfully infected with oat blue dwarf virus (OBDV) using the method; similar infection rates were observed between maize seeds inoculated with the tattoo machine and those inoculated with the engraving machine when using prefabricated needle arrays. No infection was obtained in repeated tests with barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV-PAV) or cereal yellow dwarf virus (CYDV-RPV) using either sap or RNA from infectious cloned cDNA. Replacement of the original engraving-tool with a linear-motion tattoo machine in VPI provides greater flexibility and convenience in a quiet, readily-available instrument, while improving reproducibility through the use of prefabricated needle arrays.
The tuber necrotic strain of Potato virus Y (PVY(NTN)) causes a disease of potatoes with deep or pitted necrotic lesions symptoms on potato tubers. This affects the cosmetic value of tubers, thus ...influencing all potato market sectors in South Africa, including table-, processing- and seed potatoes. Eight commercial potato cultivars, namely 'Hertha', 'Mondial', 'Up-to-Date', 'Mnandi', 'Buffelfspoort', 'BP1', 'Pentland Dell' and 'Vanderplank' were selected to determine their susceptibility to a tuber necrotic strain of PVY. Ten virus-free minitubers of each of the cultivars were planted in pots and maintained in a greenhouse at 25°C for 16 hours (day cycle) and 15°C for 8 hours (night cycle). Potato plants systemically infected with PVY(NTN) maintained as in vitro cultures, were used for mechanical inoculation of plantlets. Three and six weeks after inoculation leaf material was tested in duplicate in a double antibody sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) using a PVY(N) monoclonal antibody. Results suggest that all the cultivars were susceptible to the virus. The cultivars showed different levels of symptom expression, with all the cultivars, except 'Hertha', showing leaf malformation and mottling. 'Hertha' plants showed leaf drop, leaf deformation and spotting, and all the infected plants died at five weeks, at least three weeks earlier than other cultivars. This result does not support information supplied on the Europotato website (www.europotato.org) which states that 'Hertha' expresses high to very high resistance to PVY(N). A confirmatory glasshouse trial will be done to confirm these results.
Cherry leaf roll virus
(CLRV) was detected in apple (
Malus
sp.), a host not previously reported for CLRV in New Zealand. A total of 72 leaf samples were obtained from two orchards in the Waikato ...region of the North Island of New Zealand and tested by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Virus-specific RT-PCR, sequencing and mechanical inoculation on herbaceous host plants detected the presence of CLRV in three samples. This is the first report of CLRV on apple in New Zealand. Based on a thorough review of literature, results obtained in this study may likely represent the first case of CLRV in apple.
Seedlings of Trifolium pratense L. cultivars were mechanically inoculated with Czech isolates of Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), Clover yellow mosaic virus (ClYMV), Clover yellow vein virus (ClYVV), Red ...clover mottle virus (RCMV), White clover mosaic virus (WClMV), and a newly discovered member of the Cytorhabdovirus genus. WClMV infected 75.4% of clover seedlings; cv. Rezista was the most susceptible (93.3%), while cv. Fresko was the least susceptible (58.3%). RCMV infected 59.6% of plants; the most susceptible was cv. Tempus (77.6%), the least susceptible cv. Sprint (38.3%). While WClMV infected a higher number of seedlings, RCMV revealed more severe symptoms on affected plants. On the basis of ELISA and RT-PCR results, no cultivar was susceptible to mechanical inoculation with ClYMV and cytorhabdovirus. Moreover, cvs Fresko and Sprint were not susceptible to ClYVV and AMV, respectively.
Papaya meleira virus (PMeV), a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) virus present in the latex of papaya (Carica papaya L.), is the causal agent of 'meleira' or 'sticky disease', which prevails in eastern ...Brazil. Disease management strategies in the orchards are impaired by the lack of knowledge on PMeV transmission. We have therefore evaluated inoculation methods (five mechanical and one biological) for virus transmission to different papaya cultivars using crude latex collected from symptomatic plants. Inoculated plants were kept under observation for symptom development and checked for the presence of viral dsRNA for over three months. Test plants wounded by cutting or abrasion, which resulted in latex exudation, were not infected, whereas PMeV dsRNA was detected 15 days after inoculation by latex injection into the stem apex. The whitefly Trialeurodes variabais was unable to transmit PMeV from diseased to healthy papayas, even though the presence of the virus was ascertained in adults and nymphs. These data confirm previous field observations that failed to associate sticky disease with this whitefly species.
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