Successful mechanical inoculation of plant with viruses requires an efficient method to introduce the viral pathogen into the appropriate cells of the plant.
Barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV (BYDV-PAV,
...Luteovirus), transmitted naturally by aphids, must be inoculated into the phloem tissue to infect systemically inoculated hosts. The particle bombardment method used widely for nucleic acid transfer into plant tissues was adapted to inoculate immature embryos of winter and spring wheat cultivars with either BYDV-PAV particles or viral full-length RNAs. DAS-ELISA and RT-PCR were carried out on extracts of developed leaves at 7 weeks post-bombardment and revealed that up to 14% of bombarded embryos produced BYDV-infected wheat plants. This is the first report of an aphid-free inoculation method for BYDV.
Various methodical approaches for the discovery and selection of virus-resistant potato forms are analysed. The optimum methods and conditions of PVM, PVY and PVX plant inoculation by evaluation to ...immunity are revealed, a possibility of realisation of complex inoculations on Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. (cv Nevsky) infected by PVM + PVX mixture, what accelerates an evaluation and increases its efficiency. The necessity of the controlled infectious backgrounds creation by evaluation of potato selection material for field (relative resistance to PVM + PVY + PVX complex) is shown.
Bu çalışma, Çanakkale ilinde 2003 ve 2004 yıllarında domates üretim sezonu içinde, açık alanlarda yetiştirilen domates tarlalarında Domates lekeli solgunluk virüsü TSWV ’nün varlığının belirlenmesi ...amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bu amaçla domates ekili alanlarda bir sörvey çalışması yapılarak TSWV’ye benzer simptom gösteren bitkilerden örnekler alınmış ve ELISA ile test edilmiştir. İki yıl süresince toplam 99,2 ha alanda gözlem yapılmış ve TSWV tarafından oluşturulan simptomlara benzer simptom oluşturan bitkilerden toplam 200 örnek alınmıştır. ELISA testinde pozitif çıkan örnekler her iki yöntemi birbiriyle kıyaslamak için DTBIA yöntemi ile de testlenmiştir. Testlemeler sonucunda TSWV ile infekteli olan örnekler mekanik inokulasyon yöntemiyle indikatör bitkilere taşınmıştır. ELISA testleri sonucunda 9 örnek TSWV ile infekteli olarak bulunmuştur. ELISA testinde TSWV ile infekteli olarak bulunan örnekler DTBIA yönteminde de infekteli olarak bulunmuştur. Çalışmada DTBIA yöntemi başarıyla kullanılmış ve hastalıklı örneklerde 10X büyütmeli bir binoküler altında nitroselüloz membran üzerinde tipik pembemsi-kırmızımsı renk oluşumları gözlenmiştir
Mechanical inoculation and transmission by thrips in a growth chamber were used in order to screen Lycopersicon peruvianumand Lycopersicon chilense germplasm for tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) ...resistance. Two highly aggressive Spanish TSWV isolates (HA‐931100 and T‐941117), having different restrictotypes were used. L. peruvianum accessions PI‐126935, PI‐126944, CIAPAN 16, PE‐18 and CIAPAN 17 showed high resistance to both isolates in mechanical and thrips transmission. Their resistance appears useful in breeding programmes.
Für eine effiziente Resistenzzüchtung stellt eine Resistenzprüfmethode, die eine schnelle und zuverlässige Evaluierung einer möglichst großen Zahl von Genotypen erlaubt, eine wichtige Voraussetzung ...dar. Für das Freiland wurde eine Preßluftinjektionsmethode entwickelt, die eine nahezu 100 %ige Infektion von Maispflanzen mit dem Zuckerrohrmosaik-Virus (sugarcane mosaic virus, SCMV) und dem Maisver-zwergungsmosaik-Virus (maize dwarf mosaic virus, MDMV) garantiert. Bei den empfindlicheren Pflanzen im Gewächshaus hatte eine mechanische Inokulation von Hand Vorteile.
This study was performed to detect viral pathogens between the years of 2003-2004 in potato growing areas of Niğde and Nevşehir provinces by using serological and biological methods. In the course of ...survey, leaf and tuber samples were collected randomly from symptomatic and non-symptomatic plants. These samples tested for PVX (Potato X potexvirus), PVY (Potato Y potyvirus), PVS (Potato S carlavirus), PVA (Potato A potyvirus), PVM (Potato M carlavirus) and PLRV (Potato leafroll luteovirus) by using DAS-ELISA and mechanical inoculation. PVY, PVS, PVX, PVA and PLRV viruses were detected in both potato leaves and tubers by using DAS-ELISA method in Niğde and Nevşehir. These viruses were detected as single or mix infections. Beside single infections like PVX, PVY, PVS and PLRV, mix infections like PVY+PVS, PVY+PLRV, PVY+PVS+PLRV, PVS+PVA and PVY+PVA were also encountered as complex infections. When PVS inoculated to Chenopodium amaranticolor, C. quinoa, Nicotiana tabacum cv. Maden, N.t. cv White Burley, N.t. cv. Xanthi, N. glutinosa, Capsicum annuum, Datura stramonium test plants, some symptoms such as; mosaic, with bubble mosaic, mottling, vein clearing, vein banding, leaf distortion, chlorotic and necrotic local lesion were observed on leaves. The over all disease incidence was calculated as 32.35 % for 2003 and 34.05 % for the year 2004.
Bu çalışma 2003 ve 2004 yıllarında Niğde ve Nevşehir illeri patates ekiliş alanlarındaki viral etmenleri serolojik ve biyolojik olarak tanılamak amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Sürvey çalışmalarında, virütik belirti gösteren ve sağlıklı görülen bitkilerden ve yumrulardan tesadüfi olarak örnekler alınmıştır. Örnekler PVX (Potato X potexvirus), PVY (Potato Y potyvirus), PVS (Potato S carlavirus), PVA (Potato A potyvirus), PVM (Potato M carlavirus) ve PLRV (Potato leafroll luteovirus) açısından DAS-ELISA ile testlenmiştir. Ayrıca, DAS-ELISA sonuçlarına göre, mekanik inokulasyon testi de yapılmıştır. Niğde ve Nevşehir illerinden toplanan yumru ve bitki örneklerinde, DAS-ELISA testi kullanılarak PVY, PVS, PVX, PVA ve PLRV adlı virüslerin bulunduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu virüslerin tek başına oluşturdukları enfeksiyon ve diğerleriyle birlikte meydana getirdiği karışık enfeksiyonlar saptanmıştır. Buna göre PVX, PVY, PVS ve PLRV tek başına olduğu gibi; PVY+PVS, PVY+PLRV, PVY+PVS+PLRV, PVS+PVA ve PVY+PVA şeklinde karışık enfeksiyonlar da belirlenmiştir. Belirtinin gözlenmediği bitkilerde, DAS-ELISA testinde PVY enfeksiyonu tespit edilmiştir. PVS ve PVY'nin inokule edildiği Chenopodium amaranticolor, C. quinoa, Nicotiana tabacum cv. Maden, N.t. cv White Burley N.t. cv. Xanthi, N. glutinosa, Capsicum annuum ve Datura stramonium bitkilerinde mozaik, kabarcıklı mozaik, beneklenme, damarlarda sararma, damar bantlaşması, şekil bozukluğu, klorotik ve nekrotik lokal leke belirtileri gözlenmiştir. Hastalık oranı değerleri de hesaplanmış ve yüzde olarak kaydedilmiştir. Bu oranlar, 2003 yılında %32.35, 2004 yılında ise %34.05 olarak bulunmuştur.
Spotted wilt virus disease caused by Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (TSWV) has become a limiting factor in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) production in the Southwest region of the U.S. Selected peanut ...cultivars (Okrun, Southwest Runner, Tamrun-98, Tamrun-96, Georgia Green, Tamrun OL-02, Tamrun OL-01, and Georgia Hi Oleic) were evaluated for reaction to TSWV in field plots in 2001, 2002, and 2003. Field plots were located near Pearsall, TX, where TSWV is endemic. In 2001, at 72 days post planting (DPP), incidence of TSWV was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in Southwest runner, Okrun, and Tamrun-98 than the other cultivars except Tamrun OL-02 in the test. In 2002, disease incidence of TSWV was low and thus only one reading was taken at 135 DPP where the cultivars Georgia Green and Georgia Hi Oleic exhibited the least incidence of spotted wilt. In 2003, at 58 DPP, Georgia Green, and Georgia Hi Oleic showed the lowest incidence of spotted wilt compared with other cultivars. The response of the eight peanut cultivars to TSWV following mechanical inoculation with TSWV at three plant ages was evaluated under greenhouse conditions. Disease severity index (DSI) and plant growth parameters such as root length, root volume, plant height, and fresh weight were determined. ELISA values (as indicative of the relative presence of TSWV), and relative water content were also determined to show the impact of TSWV infections in inoculated plants. Reductions in most plant growth parameters were observed when plants were inoculated with TSWV at five days post-planting, than twelve and nineteen days post-planting inoculation. Positive values of correlation coefficient (CC) between DSI and root volume or root length in the cultivars Georgia Hi Oleic, Georgia Green, Tamrun-96 and Tamrun OL-01 indicate resistance or tolerance to mechanical inoculation with TSWV. Negative values of CC between DSI and root length or root volume in the cultivars Tamrun-98, Tamrun OL-02, Southwest Runner, and Okrun provide evidence for their susceptibility to TSWV. Comparison of results obtained from the field with those from greenhouse evaluations suggest that Georgia Hi Oleic, Georgia Green, Tamrun-96 and Tamrun OL-01 cultivars are useful as potential tools for management of TSWV in peanut for the Southwestern United States.
A virus causing a severe leafmottle was detected in cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) m the Taupe area. The disease affected up to 80% of plants at this site but was not detected many other area ...surveyed. The virus was identified on the basis of host range, serology, morphology, and physical properties as cocksfoot mottle virus.
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