Marriage is the prelude to entering the long-standing family of institution that its Candidates have different perspectives under the influence of various factors. One of them is generational ...movements. The fundamental changes in the way of entering, content management and leaving family indicate differences about marriage between the current generation and the previous one. The aim of this study is to find out the process of meaning formation of marriage in the "middle generation" who are on the borderline of experience of their and their parents' lasting marriage and early and multiple arrivals and departures of their children. The participants of this qualitative research based on Grounded theory method (systematic approach) are men and women residents in Tehran, with at least thirty years of experiencing marriage. The number of them until the theoretical saturation were 21 people. The results indicate the core category of the safety of tradition and two sub-categories including sacred validation and clear processor of life. Family life is clear from the perspective of this generation, in which it is only necessary for the person to be in his/her role and continue the path that has already existed. In this way, there is no need for individual's creativity or active action to present a specific individual's story but individuals fulfill their obligations to the society and the next generation by continuing the path of the past. This finding makes it possible to compare the semantic developments of family from the perspective of new generation (in further studies).
Mutuality of support provision is a necessary precondition of family solidarity. However, the exchange of care between grandparents and grandchildren has largely been neglected. Using data from the ...fourth wave of the Anhui Study in China, this study investigated determinants of support exchange between grandparents and grandchildren. Results showed that more grandparents received support from than provided support to their grandchildren. A higher percentage of older adults exchanged support with the grandchildren of their eldest child if that child was male rather than female. Older adults who had strong emotional bonds with the middle generation, especially with sons, or had experience caring for grandchildren were much more likely to receive support from and provide support to their grandchildren. This study confirms the intergenerational solidarity theory and norms of kinship obligation in rural China, where social services are limited.
This exploratory article aims to contribute to scholarship on migrants' experiences of bereavement and grief through the loss of a parent in their country of origin. It considers how transnational ...bereavement and grieving relate to the ever changing emotional geographies of migration and transnational families. Empirical material is drawn from a research project conducted with Latin American and Latino-British families living in the north of England, particularly from narratives presented by sons and daughters who had experienced such bereavements. Middle generation migrants may express: a continuing bond with a deceased parent as part of their emotional support network; regret at missing the death of the parent and the reinforcement of ambivalent emotions regarding their migration project; boundary ambiguity towards the transnational family; and a sense of physical distance from the family home as a geographical cure which allows working through the grieving process and troubling changes in family configurations.
The purpose of this study is to analyze the position of middle-aged women who are part of multigenerational households. Drawing on 20 in-depth interviews with these women, we investigate how ...middle-generation women understand their roles in the family and intergenerational relations, how they position themselves in relation to older and younger generations, and how they interpret the responsibilities and expectations and their fulfillment in the context of multigenerational living. What are the pressures, tensions, and advantages of being in the middle? We demonstrate several levels of being "in between" while analyzing the care demands, responsibilities, and expectations that these women experience in daily life. The article investigates three kinds of activities that women perform in multigenerational living: care for people, care for intergenerational family relationships, and care for homes. We conclude that middle-generation women struggle between the drive for independence and the appreciation of interdependency among the generations that is both a burden and a relief.
The article analyzes possibilities of individual self-provision of housing in Lithuania which are defined by a dualistic housing policy model. The model emerged after independence was restored, and ...is mainly characterised by a limited degree of responsibility of the state for housing needs of residents and a private housing fund controlled by the market players. In recent decades, many modern housing policy systems are undergoing intense changes due to the effects of financial crises and the challenges posed by a shrinking welfare state. A growing private housing sector and decreasing state support for housing are evident in dualistic and unitary housing systems. Structural changes in the labour market and demographic changes in society complicate the issue of self-provision of housing for representatives of younger generations. Researchers agree that older generations were more privileged in the housing sector and had better possibilities to self-provide housing. The article aims at disclosing the context of possibilities for private self-provision of housing for representatives of the middle generation (born in 1970–1984) in Lithuania. Since this generation, as a separate cohort, has not received sufficient attention yet, it is worth distinguishing it because this generation, in the active period of their marital life, has experienced a rapid change in the society and structural, economic and political changes, as well as changes in the housing policy. All these changes make this generation different from older generations that lived in the environment of the Soviet housing provision system and the youngest generations that were socialized under conditions of liberal economics and dominating private housing ownership.
There is a need to determine the extent to which Malaysian employees reconcile both paid employment and informal care provision. We examined data from the Malaysia's Healthiest Workplace via AIA ...Vitality Online Survey 2019 (N = 17,286). A multivariate multinomial regression was conducted to examine characteristics for the following groups: primary caregiver of a child or disabled child, primary caregiver of a disabled adult or elderly individual, primary caregiver for both children and elderly, as well as secondary caregivers. Respondent mean age ± SD was 34.76 ± 9.31, with 49.6% (
= 8573), identifying as either a primary or secondary caregiver to at least one child under 18 years, an elderly individual, or both. Males (
= 6957; 40.2%) had higher odds of being primary caregivers to children (OR 2.06; 95% CI 1.85-2.30), elderly (OR 1.24; 95% CI 1.09-1.41) and both children and elderly (OR 1.87; 95% CI 1.57-2.22). However, males were less likely to be secondary caregivers than females (OR 0.61; 95% CI 0.53-0.71). Our results highlight the differences in characteristics of employees engaged in informal care provision, and to a lesser degree, the extent to which mid-life individual employees are sandwiched into caring for children and/or the elderly.
Gerontologists have emphasised that older adults are not only recipients of support but also important support providers. Using data from the first wave of the Netherlands Kinship Panel Study of 727 ...middle-generation adults aged 45 to 79 years, we examined the associations between loneliness and giving support up, across and down family lineages. Overall, the findings were consistent more with an altruism perspective, that giving brings rewards, than with an exchange perspective, which emphasises the costs of giving support. The results showed an inverse relationship between the number of generations supported and loneliness, and that those engaged in balanced exchanges with family members in three generations (parents, siblings and children) were generally the least lonely. As regards the direction of support giving, the findings showed that the association between giving support and loneliness was insignificant if the support was for parents, negative for support to siblings, and positive for support to children. Imbalanced support exchanges were differentially associated with loneliness, and depended on the type of family relationship involved. Non-reciprocated support made parents more vulnerable to loneliness, whereas non-reciprocated giving in sibling ties was associated with low levels of loneliness. Imbalanced support giving in relationships with parents was not associated with loneliness.
James Laughlin, the founder of New Directions Books, was also a poet whose artistic evolution ran almost precisely counter to that of the modernism he did so much to promote. Originally a juvenile ...imitator of Pound and Eliot, Laughlin abruptly rejected their model while studying under adamant anti-modernists at Harvard, and developed a style much closer to that of Williams or even Catullus. Ironically, even as he swerved away from their influence, Laughlin's teachers still could only see in his poetry the taint of the high modernists. At the same time, Laughlin had begun working with and publishing the writing of nascent “Middle Generation” poets such as John Berryman and Randall Jarrell. Reading Laughlin's work in the context of the 1950s modernist vs. anti-modernist struggle shows that Laughlin should be considered a part of the Middle Generation, rather than a belated modernist imitator and impresario.
Writers Wiles, Ellen
Saffron Shadows and Salvaged Scripts,
09/2015
Book Chapter
This chapter explores the lives and literary work of the middle generation of contemporary writers in Myanmar through three writers: Ye Shan, short story writer and railway superintendent; Ma Thida, ...journalist, editor, short story writer, non-fiction writer, novelist, surgeon and former political prisoner; and Zeyar Lynn, poet and English language teacher.
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