In line with the reasons that lead to migration, the displacements of the subjects of this action are defined in different ways within the framework of the political and legal structures in the ...places they reach. Differences in the definition of migrants also affect their legal status. When situations and events that cause migration occur as a result of the struggle for the right to life and freedom of individuals who are recognized by universal declarations as having equal rights all over the world, it is observed that universal common sense can be ignored and these individuals are defined with concepts such as “foreigner,” “other,” “not one of us,” and “not having common characteristics with us.” When migrant and host communities share common beliefs and cultural characteristics, as in the 2011 Syrian mass migration, these definitions can be made using emotional terms such as “religious brother,” “ensar (Muslim helpers),” and “guest.” In terms of their legal status, they are thought of as migrants, refugees, conditional refugees, and people under subsidiary protection. There are various reasons underlying these differences. Each definition imposes various rights and responsibilities on the persons defined. It is possible to say that these definitions are different because they add a sense of responsibility to the ways that migration is managed and are still legal under international law. The central administration and the media have used the term “guest,” which contains profound ambiguities, in order to emphasize that those who came to Turkey with the mass migration wave from Syria will be in Turkey for a temporary period of time. The Directorate of Migration Management, which is in charge of work and procedures related to migration, maintained this discourse and even puts more emphasis on it in the public service announcements they make as part of their information and harmonization activities. Within the scope of the study, it is aimed to draw attention to the importance of defining migrants in a framework that is not ambiguous in order to avoid differences in discourse, reduce uncertainties, and draw attention to the importance of adaptation efforts required for the coexistence of migrants and the society to which they migrate. In this context, the public service and of the Directorate of Migration Management titled “You Are My Guest” was analyzed through semiotic analysis.
The reasons for choosing this theme – Integration of Romanians in Danish society – is the fact that it fills a scientific gap in the grid of academic research, not being very much investigated from a ...sociological perspective, with a well–structured, innovative methodology and with clearly formulated hypotheses from the sociological point of view. The poor knowledge of Romanian communities in the countries of northern Europe, namely Sweden and Denmark, must be replaced by sociological research of excellence, which will ensure recognition of these communities alongside others in Europe and the world, ensure the preservation of Romanian identity, the right to preservation of the Romanian language and culture in the communities of Romanians who gather far from their country of origin. The importance of studying the phenomenon of Romanian migration to Denmark arises from the rights of Romanian communities to maintain contact with their country of origin, with the Romanian language and culture. Researching the level of well–being, the level of social and professional integration, the quality of life of Romanians from the diaspora existing in Sweden and Denmark is a task of Romanian sociology, in the context of a united and coherent Europe, in which the rights of minorities must be recognized, but also the principle of affirming unity through diversity, of preserving the original identity of migrants in the new context of the adopting countries. Considering the chosen topic, the objectives, the goals and the universe of the field research, I chose triangulation as a method of approach, that is, the gathering of three methodologies for investigating the studied phenomenon in order to have a more detailed analysis of it. Therefore, we used the sociological questionnaire – quantitative method, the non–directive interview and the life story or social biography, but also the content analysis of some social documents (magazines published by the community, messages of community members investigated on different forums and social networks, letters, e–mails, photos from respondents’ personal archives).
The Decision to Confiscate German-Owned Property (1944), the Law on Agrarian Reform and Colonization (August 1945) and the Decree on the Implementation of Veterans’ Settlement (1945) provided a legal ...framework for the colonization of Vojvodina. People from the outback regions applied for colonization in large numbers since it was believed that migration guaranteed deliverance from decades of dearth and poverty. The journey of the colonists was fraught with numerous difficulties, primarily due to poor organization and frequent changes of plans. The distribution of houses, cattle, and inventory was done by local commissions. The bias of these commissions was obvious. Thus, the division of houses and inventory was accompanied by great social injustices. Some families were housed in buildings with electrical installations, while others had to settle into houses without floors. Such actions caused indignation and revolt among the colonists. Dissatisfied with their new life, as many as 4,000 families decided to return. Those who remained needed time to adapt to the new way of life. With time, big families disintegrated, the position of women improved, new work habits were developed, and neighborly relations became better.
This paper analyses Hungary as a small state within the EU and the policy it applied during the refugee crisis of 2015/2016 that changed the landscape both on the European and Hungarian level. During ...the crisis, Hungary acted as a small, interest-maximizing Member State constrained by domestic political interests and it did not only refuse to participate in common European policy proposals to solve the crisis, but it also engaged in unilateral actions perceived as solutions, such as erecting a border wall on the Southern border of Hungary. This paper examines how Hungary acted during the refugee crisis with the help of small state theories. Presenting the events, legislative changes and discourses surrounding migration policy in the past years will show that Hungary managed to take advantage of the refugee crisis by acting as a norm entrepreneur which gave the Prime Minister the opportunity to articulate his own views and convictions about the right way to solve the crisis and also about the future of the EU as a whole. Many EU Member States joined Hungary in its migration strategy and so it became the leading country of the anti-immigration block in Europe.
In this article we analyse innovative integration programmes functioningin Berlin after 2015 for persons living under international protection. We focus onsocio-spatial initiatives. Our main ...hypothesis is that the only effective way to integrateis to live in one’s neighbourhood. Therefore, we present programmes such as BENNor Berlin Mondiale.Our work also reaches out to educational innovations, such as coding schools forinternational protection beneficiaries. They confirm our hypothesis that effectiveintegration requires cooperation of government and NGOs with the private sector. Weidentify voluntary participation of persons under international protection and co-creatingthe image of integration programs. The article is informative and may serve as a basisfor further analyses of local integration at city and neighborhoods level.
Drawing on interviews with key informants and seasonal workers in Germany, Spain, Italy, Austria and the UK, and on non-participant ethnographies, this paper demonstrates that, despite various ...limitations associated with work in the agriculture sector, migrants strategically choose the times and destinations of their trips abroad, taking into account a variety of factors, including family commitments, economic goals at the origin, wages and working conditions, health issues and welfare opportunities. The findings illustrate that, depending on their commitments and economic objectives, Romanians who work in agriculture develop different mobility practices. While some work abroad only occasionally, when they need to supplement their home-country income, others engage in circular migration or extend the periods of time they spend abroad. In host countries, most workers try out various jobs and typically get involved in repeated migration once they have found a suitable arrangement. Some workers combine seasonal work in one or more countries of destination, over the course of the same year, with the aim of securing income for longer periods of time, while others opt for long-term migration or move into sectors that offer better opportunities.
The COVID-19 pandemic brought into focus how nation-states manage to shut down borders while maintaining flexible labor recruitment. This challenging situation provoked more public discussion around ...inequalities within the agricultural and agrifood sector. However, reflections around labor conditions have remained limited. I argue that instead of merely pointing to certain aspects of the current labor conditions and demanding more regulations, a different point of departure is urgently needed. Through a genealogical approach to recruitment and rotation, this article aims to further politicize the discussion around the current recruitment infrastructure in the agricultural and agrifood sectors in Europe. I do this with my research on labor migration from Moldova to the European Union and Switzerland, where I consider the hypermobile life trajectories of workers within the agricultural sector. I am interested in the structures, goals and biopolitical implications as well as the involved ideologies that accompany the laws and regulations of the legal framework of such hypermobility between “Eastern” and “Western” Europe. I show how the involved citizenship laws and circular migration policies reveal entanglements through time and space that lead to neocolonial and post-Soviet regimes of labor control within Europe.
Labor migration is the subject of many specialized studies that are the subject of interdisciplinary sciences such as economics, international affairs, European law, sociology and many others. Due to ...the evolution of the Romanian economy in recent years, it is important and necessary for any future economist to understand this topic as well as possible (Petrozziello, 2013). Looking ahead, it is necessary to know as much information as possible about the factors underlying the development of the country’s economy, as well as about the factors that determine this migration of labor force at international level. If the main reason why at this moment the labor force chose to leave the country of origin and to migrate to the states with a developed economy is a better life, the aim is to provide children with a better future. Worldwide (Katseli et all, 2006), it is currently estimated that there are over 200 million migrants, even the International Day of the Migrant is established, in which this phenomenon has become normal, and in which, mainly, information on human rights is disseminated and to the freedoms of migrants. Nor is Romania outside this framework of international normality, only that the elements of distinction are generated by the reasons for emigration, which, as will be analysed, in a synthetic form, in the following case study, are confined to both economic factors. but, last but not least, the socio-political factors. The paper addresses the problems of international migration and the importance of the migration of the labor force at present on the economic development of a country.
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